Biomass Thermal Plants in Thailand: Good Examples

SuvitSuvit TiaTia, Ph.D., Ph.D.

King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi(KMUTT)Thailand

10.12.2004

THAILANDTHAILAND

Population: 62 millionPopulation: 62 millionAgriculture to Agriculture to AgroindustriesAgroindustries24% of export earning24% of export earning[rice, shrimp,frozen [rice, shrimp,frozen seafood]seafood]

ThailandThailand’’s Energy Supplys Energy Supply

Total primary energy supply 71.7 MTOE79.4% conventional energy20% renewable energy [fuel wood, rice

husk, bagasse, hydropower]

Energy and Renewable Energy Energy and Renewable Energy Development PoliciesDevelopment Policies

• The Energy Conservation and Promotion Act (ENCON)

• Energy Conservation Program• Privatization of the Energy Sector• Price Policy• Tax Reduction• Supports for Renewable Ener

Government SupportGovernment Support

• Through SPP program, EGAT is committed to buy power from renewable energy SPPsand VSPPs

• Energy Conservation (ENCON) program of the Energy Policy and Planning Office (EPPO) offered tariff subsidies of up to 0.36 baht per kWh to RE

Current Status (August 20, 2003)Current Status (August 20, 2003)

30231.7

34281.9

40322.3

NonNon--FirmFirm

445.2

565.4

14265.6

RenewRenew

251,792.0

261,852

261,852.0

CogenCogen

FirmFirm

802,439.9

No. of SPPsPurchased Capacity (MW)

592,068.9

Achieved CODNo. of SPPsPurchased Capacity (MW)

652,199.3

Signed Contracts No. of SPPsPurchased Capacity (MW)

TotalTotalSPPsSPPs

List of Thermal PlantsList of Thermal Plants

Surathani, ThailandPalm OilThe Southern Palm (1978)

Co., Ltd.

Surat Thani, ThailandWoodTRT Parawood Co. Ltd.*

Nakorn Ratchasima, ThailandRiceChia Meng Co. Ltd.*

Panom Sarakham, Chachoengsao, ThailandPaperHigh Tech Paper Co. Ltd.*

Srakaew, ThailandWoodAreechai Woodtech Co.

Ltd.*

Laem Chabang, Chonburi, ThailandWood

Laem Chabang Industry Co., Ltd.*

Yala, ThailandWoodElectricity Generating

Public Co., Ltd.

Supahanburi, ThailandSugarMitr Phol Sugar Corp., Ltd.

Pathumtani, ThailandRicePatum Rice Mill and

Granary Public. Co. Ltd.

Central ThailandProject

developerA.T. Biopower Co, Ltd

LocationIndustryOwner/developer

BarriersBarriers

Human

Technical

Component

-Create awareness of benefits and opportunities-Ref., demon. projects

-Energy not core business of potential users-Risk of being the first to fail

-implement demon. Projects-Training of operators-Adequate testing of samples

-Lack of successful ref.-Seem too complicated-Quality of biomass as fuel not homogenous

Possible SolutionBarriers

BarriersBarriers

Organizational

Information

Component

-Thorough investigation, feas. Study-Initiatives to boost productivity-Govt incentive

-Structure of industry-Uncertainty of biomass supply-Policy, legal, govtissues-Financial barriers

-Strengthen network-Information drive-Available funds/service to conduct feasibility studies

-Lack of advice/info-Lack of awareness on govt rules/incentives-Not enough technical/ econ info to make decision

Possible SolutionBarriers

EPPO Master Plan for the EPPO Master Plan for the Promotion of Renewable EnergyPromotion of Renewable Energy

• Request for proposal (43 proposals; 775 MW)• Preliminary evaluation on technical feasibility, financial, etc.

(31 projects approved, 491.3 MW)• Public consultation hearing

– 10 km radius– Community participation– EIA

• Monitor and evaluation– Three party committee – Government agent, community

representative, and plant owner– Environmental and Social Impact Assessment– 20 projects approved; 243.3 MW; 1400 million baht

support

Current Technologies for Substrate UsageCurrent Technologies for Substrate Usage

RRRRMSWMSW

R/D/R/D/CCOther food wasteOther food waste

RRRRR/PR/PCorn cobsCorn cobs

R/DR/DAnimal slurriesAnimal slurries

RRRRRRR/D/ R/D/ CCRRCoconut wasteCoconut waste

RRCCRRCCPalm oil wastePalm oil waste

R/D/R/D/CCCassava Food wasteCassava Food waste

RRRRRRCassava StalksCassava Stalks

RRRRRRRRRRRRSugar cane residuesSugar cane residues

CCRRRRCCRRSugar Cane Sugar Cane bagassebagasse

RRRRRRRubber leafy Rubber leafy biomassbiomass

RRCCR/PR/PRRCCRRRubber wood wasteRubber wood waste

R/D/ R/D/ CCR/DR/DR/D/R/D/

CCR/P/ R/P/ CCRRRice HuskRice Husk

LignoLignocellulosiscellulosis

AnaerAnaer. . Digest.Digest.CogenCogen..PyrolisisPyrolisisGasiGasi

ficfic..CarbonisCarbonis..Direct Direct combucombu

stst

BiochemicalBiochemicalThermalThermalDensiDensificfic..

Conversion TechnologyConversion Technology

FuelFuel

Legend : R: Research & Development D: Demonstration C: Commercialisation P: Pilot Plant

ChiaChia MengMeng Rice MillRice Mill• A rice mill

– Cogen: decrease electricity cost by 40,000 USD/month, increase income by 1.1 million USD/year by exporting ashed

– Using biomass in Thailand, reduce oil consumption by 50%

– Proven technology available• Obstacles: unfair market regulation, lack of

economic incentives, and unfair pricing

ChiaChia MengMeng Rice MillRice Mill

• Milling capacity: 600-700 tons of rice a day– 140 tons/d of rice husks– 115 tons/d used as fuel in cogen system

• Investment cost: 5.4 million USD• 18 tons/hr of steam, a power capacity of 2.5

MW• Electricity expenses: $48,600 -> $8,100• Rice-husk ash exported for use in ceramic and

metal industries ($1.1m/yr)

Fluidized Bed Combustion Fluidized Bed Combustion Technology and CogenerationTechnology and Cogeneration• Cogeneration is the technology of using the

energy from combustion to produce heat and electricity

• Ampol Food Processing Co., Ltd. – produces coconut milk – commercial trademark of "Kati Chao Koh“– waste coconut shells and coir– generate steam and power using the fluidized

bed technology developed by Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, KMUTT

KeyKey AdvantagesAdvantages ofof FBCFBC SystemSystem

•• HighHigh combustioncombustion efficiencyefficiency, , andandpossiblepossible combustioncombustion ofof lowlow gradegradefuelsfuels ((highhigh ashash andand moisturemoisture, , lowlowheatingheating valuevalue))•• HighHigh volumetricvolumetric loadsloads ofof combustioncombustion

chamberschambers•• inin situsitu desulphurizationdesulphurization, , andand lowlow

nitrogennitrogen oxidesoxides emission.emission.

Fluidized Bed CombustionFluidized Bed Combustion

Fluidized bed Boiler for Superheated Steam Production of 5 tons/hr at 30 barg, 350oC

Ampol Food Processing Co., Ltd.

Fluidized Bed CombustionFluidized Bed Combustion

5 tons/hr Water-tube Boiler under Construction

Boiler control panel

250 kW Steam turbine

Fluidized Bed CombustionFluidized Bed Combustion

• Save 8,500 L/d of oil• Reduce 3,210 kWh of

daily electricity consumption

• 2.5 years payback period

Fly ash removed using cyclone

16 tons/hr FBC boiler using rice husk as fuel

PerformancePerformance ofof BFBBFB BoilerBoiler

•• CombustionCombustion efficiencyefficiency 90% 90% oror higherhigher•• BoilerBoiler efficiencyefficiency 75% 75% oror higherhigher•• CaCa/S/S 22--3 (3 (byby molemole))•• SOSO22 belowbelow 200 200 ppmppm•• NOxNOx belowbelow 150 150 ppmppm•• COCO belowbelow 250 250 ppmppm

Pulp&PaperPulp&Paper IndustryIndustry

•• Siam Siam Pulp&PaperPulp&Paper (2x25 (2x25 MWeMWe and and 150 150 MWeMWe FBCFBC--CogenCogen))•• Thai Power Supply (2x10 Thai Power Supply (2x10 MWeMWe and and

37 37 MWeMWe FBCFBC--CogenCogen))•• National Power Supply (2x150 National Power Supply (2x150 MWeMWe

FBCFBC--CogenCogen))

A.T. A.T. BiopowerBiopower Rice Husk Power Project Rice Husk Power Project in Thailandin Thailand

• a Thai company developing power plants fueled by rice husk

• Details– 5 new rice husk power

plants (20 MWe)– central Thailand– Steam boilers specially

modified to burn rice husk– Transmission through 115

kV Provincial Electricity Authority (PEA) line connected to national grid

Examples of Thermal PlantsExamples of Thermal Plants

ASEANASEAN--EU COGEN PROJECTEU COGEN PROJECT

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