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China China China China China China China China –––––––– Policy and Energy Crops, Policy and Energy Crops, Policy and Energy Crops, Policy and Energy Crops, Policy and Energy Crops, Policy and Energy Crops, Policy and Energy Crops, Policy and Energy Crops,

BioBioBioBioBioBioBioBio--------ethanol Conversion ethanol Conversion ethanol Conversion ethanol Conversion ethanol Conversion ethanol Conversion ethanol Conversion ethanol Conversion

TechnologyTechnologyTechnologyTechnologyTechnologyTechnologyTechnologyTechnology

Prof. Wang Prof. Wang MengjieMengjie

China Renewable Energy SocietyChina Renewable Energy Society

Ma Ma LingjuanLingjuanChinese Renewable Energy Industry AssociationChinese Renewable Energy Industry Association

Rio de Janeiro, 19 June 2008Rio de Janeiro, 19 June 2008

Task Force on Sustainability of GBEPTask Force on Sustainability of GBEP

Development statusDevelopment status

� Fuel ethanol production in 2007– ~1.5 MT

– ~ 2% of Chinese fuel consumption

– Proposal for 5% in 2010, 10% by 2020

� E-10 (10% ethanol in fuel) used in 9 provinces

� Biomass power generation 2 GW

� Bio-diesel 50,000 T

� Strong desire for 2nd generation/ cellulosic ethanol� COFCO and Novozymes cooperating on development of 2nd generation/

cellulosic ethanol

Activities for promoting bioActivities for promoting bio--fuelsfuels� Development national standards for bio-fuels

– GB18350,GB-18351 and GB18351-2004;

� Development a national planning for 11th five-year plan, which got approval by the State Council

� Development a government order to nine provinces for demonstration to use bio-fuel

� Developed national policies for promoting bio-fuels � And the local governments developed special regulation

for the demonstration

� R&D for new technologies of bio-fuels

National policiesNational policies

� Taxation policies– No sales tax, which is 5% in normal case– No VAT tax, which is 17% in normal case

� Price regulation– Same price with non bio-fuels gasoline

� Subsides– The Ministry of Finance will give subsides for the loss

during the production and distribution for bio-fuels

� Develop a national target– 2 million tons by 2010

– 12 million tons by 2020

R & D activitiesR & D activities

� Bio-fuel technologies– Bio-ethanol from

– Sweet sorghum and cassava

– agricultural residues (corn stover, straw, bagasse, etc.)

– wood

– industrial waste, especially paper

– municipal household waste

– Bio-diesel from

– Waste edible oil

– Jatropha

– Other wastes

� Major R & D activities– Plantation of vegetation

– Development of the entire integrated process from biomass to bio-fuels

““The Renewable Energy Law of ChinaThe Renewable Energy Law of China ””

(Part of Bio liquid fuel and power)(Part of Bio liquid fuel and power)

The Government encourages utilization of clean bio The Government encourages utilization of clean bio

fuel and the efficient development of energy crops. fuel and the efficient development of energy crops.

The Government encourages the production and The Government encourages the production and

utilization of bio liquid fuel. On the basis of the utilization of bio liquid fuel. On the basis of the

energy regulations issued by authorities of both the energy regulations issued by authorities of both the

Center and the province government, bioCenter and the province government, bio-- liquid fuel liquid fuel

conforming to the national standard shall be includeconforming to the national standard shall be include--

ed in the fueled in the fuel--selling system of oilselling system of oil--GasGas-- enterprises.enterprises.

FeedFeed--in tariff was set for biomass power generationin tariff was set for biomass power generation

�

Policy of renewable energy Policy of renewable energy development in Chinadevelopment in China

� Guideline Guideline Guideline Guideline : Energy saving: Energy saving: Energy saving: Energy saving

�PolicyPolicyPolicyPolicy：：：：

�To according to local conditionsTo according to local conditionsTo according to local conditionsTo according to local conditions

�To supplement of different kinds To supplement of different kinds To supplement of different kinds To supplement of different kinds energy with each otherenergy with each otherenergy with each otherenergy with each other

�To IntegratedTo IntegratedTo IntegratedTo Integrated UtilizationUtilizationUtilizationUtilization

�To Seek BenefitsTo Seek BenefitsTo Seek BenefitsTo Seek Benefits

““National Plan for Biomass EnergyNational Plan for Biomass Energy””

PrinciplePrinciple

�Nonfood material for bio-liquid fuel Bio-ethanol Made of Sweet Sorghum: 20000T/y (2006)

� Bio Liquid fuel is a very important fill in Oil. It include:

� BioBioBioBio----ethanol and Bioethanol and Bioethanol and Bioethanol and Bio----dieseldieseldieseldiesel

� According to the characteristics of plantation land resources and Agricultural production to make sure the Breeds of Energy plant:

� Sweet sorghum / Sugar cane / CassavaSweet sorghum / Sugar cane / CassavaSweet sorghum / Sugar cane / CassavaSweet sorghum / Sugar cane / Cassava

� Construct big scale Industry of bio-ethanol and base for energy material supply

� Development Bio-ethanol technology for Sweet sorghum / Sugar cane /Cassava

� 2010 Bio liquid fuel output 2Mt/y; 2020 Bio liquid fuel output 10Mt/y ,Bio diesel for 1Mt/y

� The Renewable Energy Law (NPC & NDRC)

� Provisional Administrative Measures on Pricing and Cost Sharing for Renewable Energy

Power Generation (NDRC Price [2006] No. 7);

� Relevant Regulations on the Administration of Power Generation from Renewable

Energy (NDRC Energy [2006] No.13);

� Guiding Catalog for the Renewable Energy Industry Development (NDRC Energy

[2005] No. 2517)

� Notice to strengthen the bio-fuel project’s construction for healthy industrial

development (NDRC & MoF,2006)

� Medium and Long-Term Development Plan for RE in China( approved by State Council

in early 2007, published by NDRC in Sep. 2007)

� The 11th Five Year Plan for Renewable Energy Development

� Policies to incentive the industry development of biomass

Policies Issued by NDRC

National targets for biomass

Biogas: 19 Bm3 in 2010, 44 Bm3 in 2020

Bio-ethanol: 3 Mton in 2010, 10Mton in 2020

Bio-diesel: 0.2 Mton in 2010, 2 Mton in 2020

Power generation: 5.5 GW 2010, 30 GW 2020

� Policy Recommendation on the Development of Substitute Energy of Oil（2006.3）

� Provisional Administrative Measures on Earmarked Fund for Renewable Energy

Development (MoF Economic and Construction [2006] No. 237)

� Opinion on fiscal supporting measures to promote bio-energy and bio-chemical industry

(MoF etc. 5 authorities)

The priority area identified includes,

� Power generation industry, resource assessment, standard development, certification

system establishment, grid plan, industrialization of wind power manufacture.

� Non-foodstuff substitution energy, fund of risk management, subsidies to the raw

material growing base and the demo companies.

� Favorite taxation. Refund regulation of VAT for the 4 demo ethanol companies and the

landfill power generation companies.

Policies Issued by MOF

� A particular topic of RE for the farmer education was carried out

in 2006. Alongside, trainings were conducted for 180 million

biogas users in the rural area.

� Legislation formulation enhanced in the provincial level. 8

provinces formed regulations for rural energy development.

� Plan of Rural Biogas Construction Program issued.

� Rural Biomass Industry Development Plan for 2007-2015 was

released in 2007

Policies Issued by the MOA

� Assessment on forestry biomass resource, and accomplished the Primary

Report on National Forestry Residue and Energy Forestry Resource Status

� Construction Plan for National Energy Source Forestry

� 11th Five Year Plan on Raw Material Base for Forestry Bio diesel

� 11th Five Year Plan on Implementation of Energy Source Forestry Cultivation

and Utilization Demonstration Program

� The preliminary target: Planting 200million Mu (about 13 hectare) to meet the

demand of 6 million tons of bio diesel and raw material for 15GW power

generation installed capacity。

� Reinforcing R&D on forestry biomass energy, identified 20 suitable species for

scaled plantation

� Promoting utilization and industrialization of Forestry residue.

Policies Issued by Administration of Forestry

Bioethanol IndustriesBioethanol IndustriesBioethanol IndustriesBioethanol IndustriesBioethanol IndustriesBioethanol IndustriesBioethanol IndustriesBioethanol Industries－－－－－－－－AnhuiAnhuiAnhuiAnhuiAnhuiAnhuiAnhuiAnhui Heilongjiang Heilongjiang Heilongjiang Heilongjiang Heilongjiang Heilongjiang Heilongjiang Heilongjiang HenanHenanHenanHenanHenanHenanHenanHenan JilinJilinJilinJilinJilinJilinJilinJilin－－－－－－－－

Bioethanoloutput：：：：1,020,000 t/yCorn+WheatConsumption:3,264,000t/y

Cost:

500Euro/t/t/t/t

Anhui 320,000 t/y

Heilongjiang100,000t/y

Henan 300,000t/y

Jilin 300,000 t/y

2005－－－－2008

Energy CropEnergy Crop

ResourcesResources

in Chinain ChinaFor

Ethanol:

SweetSorghum

Sugarcane

Maize

Wheat

Sweet Potato

Cassava

For bio-diesel:

Jatropha

OilVegetable

Cotton seed

Coptistree

Yellowhorn

Sweet sorghumSweet sorghum stem 60-100t/ha

Stem juice Brix 18%

Corn 4.5-6t/ha

Suitable for Saline land plantationSaline land plantation

Sugarcane Sugarcane

Sugarcane 90t/haSugarcane 90t/ha

Sugarcane juice Sugarcane juice BrixBrix 1616％％％％％％％％

Suitable for South of China Suitable for South of China

CassavaCassava

Cassava 30t/haCassava 30t/ha

AmylumAmylum content 30content 30％％％％％％％％Suitable for South of ChinaSuitable for South of China

甘薯甘薯

油菜籽油菜籽

ColeColeRapeseed 1.5t/haRapeseed 1.5t/ha

Rapeseed oiliness 33Rapeseed oiliness 33％－％－％－％－％－％－％－％－5050％％％％％％％％Suitable for plantation in Whole of China Suitable for plantation in Whole of China

上一张一年一度油菜花节图片 下一张一年一度油菜花节图片

Cotton Cotton Cottonseed 2Cottonseed 2－－－－－－－－3t/ha3t/ha

Cotton oiliness 14Cotton oiliness 14－－－－－－－－2525％％％％％％％％Suitable for whole ChinaSuitable for whole China

麻风树籽麻风树籽

麻风树籽麻风树籽

JatrophaJatrophaDryfruitDryfruit 99--12/ha12/ha

Seed 6Seed 6－－－－－－－－7.5t/ha7.5t/ha

Seed oiliness 40Seed oiliness 40－－－－－－－－5050％％％％％％％％Suitable for Plantation in Suitable for Plantation in Guangdong/Guangdong/guangxi/Hainanguangxi/Hainan//

Yunnan/Guizhou/sichuanYunnan/Guizhou/sichuan

CoptistreeFruit 3Fruit 3--4.5t/ trunk of a tree4.5t/ trunk of a tree

Seed 1.5t/haSeed 1.5t/ha

Seed oiliness 30Seed oiliness 30－－－－－－－－40%40%

Inner the Great wall of ChinaInner the Great wall of China

Seed 3t/haSeed 3t/ha

Seed oiliness 50Seed oiliness 50％％％％％％％％Suitable for plantation Suitable for plantation

inNorthwestinNorthwest/Northeast/North of China /Northeast/North of China

Yellowhorn

Standard definition of Land Standard definition of Land suitable for energy cropssuitable for energy crops

Cold-resistant plants

can grow stably6.Temperature conditions

Land with guaranteedirrigation or dry land where

dry cultivation can be developed, During growth

period of the crop rainfall isnormally not below 160 mm

5.Water conditions

Soil salt content <2%4.Soil salinization

>10 cmHighlands of Yunnan

>20 cmSouthern China, Sichuan Basin and mid- to downstream of Yangze River

Southern

areas

>30 cm

Northern areas, including Yellow Huaihai area, Northeast China, Yellow Earth high

grounds, dry regions of the Northwest, Highlands of Qingzang

3.Efficient

soil depth

Not sand and gravely

soil2.Soil quality

<25°°°°1.Surface angle

StandardClassification system

ChinaChina’’s reserve land resource (unit: s reserve land resource (unit:

10.000 hectare)10.000 hectare)

84.60 29.53 14.07 128.20 Elevated colder areas of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

3.33 88.93 92.26 Southern subtropical, tropical moist areas

302.53 3.73 0.27 306.53 Northern, central subtropical moist areas

552.93 12.47 565.40 Warm temperate dry areas

35.40 35.40 Warm temperate half dry areas

121.13 28.73 149.86 Warm temperate moist, semi-moist areas

554.73 94.00 16.27 665.00 Tempered dry areas

506.80 256.20 72.20 835.20 Tempered half-dry areas

69.13 59.87 79.53 208.53 Tempered semi-moist areas

195.20 222.67 132.60 550.47 Tempered moist areas

2425.80 796.13 314.93 3536.87 National total

Grade III land

Grade II landGrade I landTotalArea

Resource PotentialResource Potential

� 500 million tce currently

� Can be developed as 1 billion tce with

enlarging plantation area and technology

innovation

““““ Chuntian Chuntian Chuntian Chuntian

SeriesSeriesSeriesSeries””””

�Sweet Sweet Sweet Sweet

sorghumsorghumsorghumsorghum

� Seeds(The project of(The project of(The project of(The project of

State 863 plan)State 863 plan)State 863 plan)State 863 plan)

cm 0

10

20

30

Brimless SalineBrimless Saline resourcesresources（（8 million 8 million hechec in whole Chinain whole China））

2005 Sweet sorghum harvest from 2005 Sweet sorghum harvest from 2005 Sweet sorghum harvest from 2005 Sweet sorghum harvest from SalineSaline ：：：：

Salt ness Salt ness Salt ness Salt ness ((((‰））））：：：： 5.7 4.7 3

Stem（kg）： 5380 6290 7670

BrixBrixBrixBrix（％）：（％）：（％）：（％）： 18 18 1818 18 1818 18 1818 18 18

CornCornCornCorn（（（（kgkgkgkg）：）：）：）： 300 300 300300 300 300300 300 300300 300 300

Heilongjiang 4E Bioethanol Ltd.Heilongjiang 4E Bioethanol Ltd.

((““863863””Project Project demonstration )demonstration )

4 E Ethanol Ltd.EnergyEnvironmentEcologyEconomy

Ethanol

distillation

Consistence 95%

Cost : 480 Euro/t

Shandong

Wande Ltd.

Bioethanol

Factory

10000t/y

(By sweet

Sorghum stem)

BioethanolBioethanolBioethanolBioethanol

RectificationRectificationRectificationRectification

EngineeringEngineeringEngineeringEngineering

99.8%99.8%99.8%99.8%

Cost: Cost: Cost: Cost:

490Euro/t490Euro/t490Euro/t490Euro/t

Output of Sweet sorghum:Sweet sorghum stem 60-100 t/ha (Brix 16-22％％％％)Sweet sorghum grain 4.5-6 t/ha

Conversion:Sweet sorghum stem (Brix18) 16 t output Ethanol 1t Residues of sweet sorghum stem 12t ; If for electricity 4000 kwh; or for paper products 4t

Benefits: Cost of ethanol 490 Euro/ tInvestment of plant (20,000t/y) 8million Euro20,000T ethanol can reduce CO2 for 60,000t

GLOBAL TOP TEN INVESTMENT SCENARIOS TO APPLY NEW GLOBAL TOP TEN INVESTMENT SCENARIOS TO APPLY NEW

TECHNOLOGIES FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY UTILIZATIONTECHNOLOGIES FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY UTILIZATION

BlueSky AwardBlueSky Award

《《《《《《《《BlueSkyBlueSky awardaward》》》》》》》》CertificateCertificate

Requirement for coRequirement for co--operationoperation

� Barriers of bio-fuel development– Limitation of grain (less than USA) and surge (less than Brazil)

production– Limitation of agriculture land availability (1/10 of USA of per capita– Future bio-fuels depended on non-food based materials, in other

word, the second generation technologies

� Requirement for co-operation– North to South cooperation

� USA, Canada, India, Thailand in the APP framework

� With EU countries

� Global biomass partnership program

– South to south co-operation� With India, Brazil

� With South East Asian countries through 9 +3

Thank you!Thank you!

Beijing TTD Energy Technology Ltd.Beijing TTD Energy Technology Ltd.

Committee 0f Biomass Energy Committee 0f Biomass Energy

Conversion Technology Conversion Technology －－ CAREI CAREI

EE--mail:mail: mjmj--wang@tom.comwang@tom.com