Biology Unit 4 Notes #3 (Sections 3.2 – 3.4) Cell Structure.
-
Upload
cuthbert-dawson -
Category
Documents
-
view
226 -
download
0
Transcript of Biology Unit 4 Notes #3 (Sections 3.2 – 3.4) Cell Structure.
BiologyUnit 4 Notes #3
(Sections 3.2 – 3.4)
Cell Structure
All cells take in food, rid waste, reproduce
3 main sections
1) Cell membrane
2) Cytoplasm
3) Nucleus
2
3
1
Basic Eukaryotic Cell Structure
The Organelles
Ribosomes Make proteins needed by cells Function like an assembly line, creating
amino acid chains (proteins) Created by nucleolus Can be found in cytoplasm or attached to
a membrane
Endoplasmic Reticulum Aka: ER
Rough ER: Membrane has ribosomes on it and helps make proteins Smooth ER: makes fats &
breaks down toxins (no ribosomes)
Golgi Apparatus Job: Package and transport
proteins out of the cell
- like a conveyor belt Protein Creation Process Review
1) Nucleolus makes a ribosome
2) Ribosome makes protein & travels through rough ER
3) Golgi Body packages the protein into a vesicle and exports them
Golgi Body in action
Golgi body is placing proteins (yellow dots) into protective vesicles
Vesicle expels the proteins (blue dots) from the cell
1 minute: Discuss with your neighbor
1) Which organelle builds proteins?
2) Stores DNA?
3) Produces ribosomes?
4) Creates fats and breaks down toxins?
5) Packages and releases proteins from a cell?
6) Allows material to enter/exit a cell?
7) Moves molecules around the inside of a cell? (three acceptable answers)
ribosome
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Smooth ER
Golgi body
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm, Rough ER, Vesicles
Mitochondria “Powerhouse” Job: Create ATP (adenosine triphosphate) in a
process called cellular respiration Creates energy for the cell from food molecules
Lysosome Contain digestive enzymes Break down big molecules Can protect the cell Can break down old
organelles to turn them
into something useful Found: Animal cells
This lysosome is destroying a mitochondrion
Lysosome
white blood cell
Lysosome(with enzymes inside)
bacteria
bacteria
white blood cell
There are thousands of cilia surrounding this one cell. Lets zoom in for a closer look.
You can now see the individual cilia
Cilia and Flagella Job: movement Cilia = short hair-like extensions (numerous)
This cell has 3 flagella
Cilia and Flagella Job: movement
Flagella = long whip-like extension (very few)
1 2
3
cell
This cell has 8 flagella
Cilia and Flagella Job: movement
1 2
3
4
5
67
8
cell
Cell Wall Outermost layer of plant, fungi, & bacteria cells Job: Adds support for growth Made of tough cellulose
Hard to digest Witnessed by Robert Hooke in 1665
Cell membrane
The cell wall is all that remains in cork
Chloroplasts Job: Perform photosynthesis Chlorophyll molecules absorb sunlight & convert water and CO2 into sugars
chloroplast
Vacuole Job: Stores food, water, waste, color
pigments Plant cells: Large central vacuole Animal cells: Scattered smaller vacuoles
VacuoleA
B
C
Review
1) Pick an organelle…any organelle. Describe its function.2) Name 7 organelles that can be found within the cytoplasm.3) Describe the pathway that proteins travel from creation to
exportation.4) List various reasons to help support the theory of endosymbiosis.5) Name two organelles that plant cells have and animal cells do not.6) Which organelle creates ATP energy for cells?7) Which organelle converts sunlight into sugar?8) Which organelle creates ribosomes?9) Which organelle fuses with the cell membrane to release proteins?10) Which molecule holds the information to make a protein?