Basic Genetic Concepts & Terms & Punnett Squares 1 Chapter 2.2 - Heredity and Genetics.
Biology Law of Heredity Ms. Yang 02.07.2013. Objectives SWBAT… 1.Set up and solve a Punnett square...
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Transcript of Biology Law of Heredity Ms. Yang 02.07.2013. Objectives SWBAT… 1.Set up and solve a Punnett square...
![Page 1: Biology Law of Heredity Ms. Yang 02.07.2013. Objectives SWBAT… 1.Set up and solve a Punnett square 2.Review key concepts of heredity. Catalyst Turn the.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032707/56649e255503460f94b14980/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
BiologyLaw of Heredity
Ms. Yang
02.07.2013
![Page 2: Biology Law of Heredity Ms. Yang 02.07.2013. Objectives SWBAT… 1.Set up and solve a Punnett square 2.Review key concepts of heredity. Catalyst Turn the.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032707/56649e255503460f94b14980/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
ObjectivesSWBAT…
1. Set up and solve a Punnett square
2. Review key concepts of heredity.
CatalystTurn the following into a ratio:
1. 6 white eyes to 7 red eyes
2. 9 pink to 8 purple to 6 blue
3. 10 oranges to 10 apples to 10 bananas
Date: 02/06/2013
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Catalyst Response
1. 6 white eyes to 7 red eyes
2. 9 pink to 8 purple to 6 blue
3. 10 oranges to 10 apples to 3 bananas to 3 grapes to 10 peaches
6:7
9:8:6
10:10:3:3:10
![Page 4: Biology Law of Heredity Ms. Yang 02.07.2013. Objectives SWBAT… 1.Set up and solve a Punnett square 2.Review key concepts of heredity. Catalyst Turn the.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032707/56649e255503460f94b14980/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Group RolesRole Duties
Manager * Reads directions and keeps group on task
Recorder * Turns in worksheet and makes sure everyone agrees on answers
Reporter * Presents answers to class
Technician * Gets materials and asks questions to teacher or other groups.
It is EVERYONE’s duty to contribute to the group and learn the material!
![Page 5: Biology Law of Heredity Ms. Yang 02.07.2013. Objectives SWBAT… 1.Set up and solve a Punnett square 2.Review key concepts of heredity. Catalyst Turn the.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032707/56649e255503460f94b14980/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Model 3
• Send TECHNICIAN to get penny.• Complete Model 3.
![Page 6: Biology Law of Heredity Ms. Yang 02.07.2013. Objectives SWBAT… 1.Set up and solve a Punnett square 2.Review key concepts of heredity. Catalyst Turn the.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032707/56649e255503460f94b14980/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Model 3
R Rr r
R rR r
Possible combination of alleles:Rr
Phenotype:round
Possible combination of alleles:RR, Rr, rr
Phenotype:round, round, wrinkled
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Model 4
![Page 8: Biology Law of Heredity Ms. Yang 02.07.2013. Objectives SWBAT… 1.Set up and solve a Punnett square 2.Review key concepts of heredity. Catalyst Turn the.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032707/56649e255503460f94b14980/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Mendel’s Law of Heredity
Review Notes!
![Page 9: Biology Law of Heredity Ms. Yang 02.07.2013. Objectives SWBAT… 1.Set up and solve a Punnett square 2.Review key concepts of heredity. Catalyst Turn the.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032707/56649e255503460f94b14980/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
• Crossed pea plants
• Tested for different traits
Mendel’s Pea Experiments
![Page 10: Biology Law of Heredity Ms. Yang 02.07.2013. Objectives SWBAT… 1.Set up and solve a Punnett square 2.Review key concepts of heredity. Catalyst Turn the.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032707/56649e255503460f94b14980/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Mendel’s Pea Experiments• Why pea plants?
– Easy to grow– Don’t take up a lot of space– Grows fast– Easy to “mate” together– Makes lots of offspring
(seeds)
![Page 11: Biology Law of Heredity Ms. Yang 02.07.2013. Objectives SWBAT… 1.Set up and solve a Punnett square 2.Review key concepts of heredity. Catalyst Turn the.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032707/56649e255503460f94b14980/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Mendel’s Pea Experiments
ParentsFirst generation,
Offspring of Parents
Second generation,Offspring of F1 mating
with another F1
![Page 12: Biology Law of Heredity Ms. Yang 02.07.2013. Objectives SWBAT… 1.Set up and solve a Punnett square 2.Review key concepts of heredity. Catalyst Turn the.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032707/56649e255503460f94b14980/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Mendel’s Conclusions• Heredity = traits are transmitted
from 2 parents to their offspring• Trait = a characteristic that is
based on genetics• Hybrid = offspring of parents that
have different forms of a trait• Purebred = offspring of parents
have the same form of a trait
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Genetics
Offspring get two copies of genes
for a trait (ONE FROM MOM, ONE FROM
DAD), sometimes one copy
dominates over the other copy.
![Page 14: Biology Law of Heredity Ms. Yang 02.07.2013. Objectives SWBAT… 1.Set up and solve a Punnett square 2.Review key concepts of heredity. Catalyst Turn the.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032707/56649e255503460f94b14980/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Genetics• Gene = section of chromosome that tells
cell what to do• Allele = a variant of a gene• Dominant = an allele that dominates over
the recessive allele, only need one copy to be expressed
• Recessive = an allele that gets masked if a dominant allele is paired with it, must have two copies to be expressed
![Page 15: Biology Law of Heredity Ms. Yang 02.07.2013. Objectives SWBAT… 1.Set up and solve a Punnett square 2.Review key concepts of heredity. Catalyst Turn the.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032707/56649e255503460f94b14980/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Genetics• Homozygous = 2 identical alleles
for a trait• Heterozygous = 2 different alleles
for a trait• Genotype = combination of alleles• Phenotype = expression of the
genotype, the way the genotype is expressed
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Monohybrid Cross
• Making a cross for ONE trait
A Punnett square for a MONOHYBRID CROSS
looks like:
![Page 17: Biology Law of Heredity Ms. Yang 02.07.2013. Objectives SWBAT… 1.Set up and solve a Punnett square 2.Review key concepts of heredity. Catalyst Turn the.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032707/56649e255503460f94b14980/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Steps to solve Punnett Square Cross
1. What are the parent alleles?
2. What size Punnett square?
3. Where do the parent gametes go?
![Page 18: Biology Law of Heredity Ms. Yang 02.07.2013. Objectives SWBAT… 1.Set up and solve a Punnett square 2.Review key concepts of heredity. Catalyst Turn the.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032707/56649e255503460f94b14980/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Example #1
In pea plants….
Tall (T) is dominant over short (t)
Make a cross between
Homo tall X Homo shortTT tt
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GENOTYPE _____ PHENOTYPE _______
_____ of the offspring
____ %
___/4
will be _______
T T
t
t
T t T t
T t T t
Tt TALL
ALL
100
4
TALL
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_____ of the offspring ___/4 or ____ %will be _________
GENOTYPES _______ PHENOTYPES _______________
WHAT ARE THE POSSIBLE…
Tt
4 100
4
tall
Tall
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Example #1
In humans….
Brown eyes (B) is dominant over blue eyes (b)
Make a cross between
Hetero X Hetero Bb Bb
![Page 22: Biology Law of Heredity Ms. Yang 02.07.2013. Objectives SWBAT… 1.Set up and solve a Punnett square 2.Review key concepts of heredity. Catalyst Turn the.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032707/56649e255503460f94b14980/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Try the Cross!
B b
B
b
B B B b
B b b b
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_____
of the offspring ___/4 or ____ %will have _________
GENOTYPES _______ PHENOTYPES _______________
_______ _______________
_______ _______________
WHAT ARE THE POSSIBLE…
_____
of the offspring ___/4 or ____ % will have _________
BbBB
253 75
13
brown eyes1
blue eyes
bb Blue eyes
Brown eyes
Brown eyes