Biology Journal 10/1/2013
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Transcript of Biology Journal 10/1/2013
Biology Journal 10/1/2013
1. What kind of reaction is shown? 2. Write out the reaction as words:Sucrose + _______ → ________ + _______3. When might this reaction be happing in your
life?
++ →H2O
Biology Journal 10/1/2013
1. What kind of reaction is shown? Decomposition through hydrolysis
2. Write out the reaction as words: see below3. When might this reaction be happing in your life?
This happens whenever you eat sucrose (sugar)!
++ →H2O
sucrose + water → fructose + glucose
We will now learn how the digestive system makes this happen!
A =B =C =D =E =
SubstrateEnzymeActive siteEnzyme-substrate complexProducts
What kind of reaction is happening in this picture?Decomposition
What do the parts in the picture represent?
Enzymes (almost) always end in what 3 letters?
ASE
Reactants are:Big (too big to be absorbed into a cell)Usually insoluble
Products are:Small enough to be absorbed into a cellUsually soluble
Large food molecules need to be digested or catabolized (broken down by an enzyme –usually hydrolysis) before the nutrients can be absorbed.
What could be a null hypothesis for the toothpickase lab we just did?
How will you test the null hypothesis to see if it is supported or not supported?
What could we do for Aspect 2: processing raw data?
Molecule Type Monomer Dimer Polymer Examples
Carbohydrates Starch…
Proteins Monopeptide(one amino acid)
Enzymes, collagen,
elastin, keratin
Lipids(aka fats) CH2 n/a lipid
Biology Journal 10/2/2013
Complete the table!
Molecule Type Monomer Dimer Polymer Examples
Carbohydrates Monosaccharide Disaccharide Polysaccharide
Starch, lactose,
glucose, ribose
Proteins Monopeptide(one amino acid) Dipeptide Polypeptide
Enzymes, collagen, elastin,
Lipids(aka fats) CH2 n/a lipid Fatty acids,
triglyceride
Biology Journal 10/2/2013
Biology Journal 10/2/2013
What order are these organs encountered in the digestive tract (from mouth to anus)? Put them in the correct sequence.
MouthLarge intestineSmall intestine
ColonStomach
EsophagusLiverAnus
Pancreas
Biology Journal 10/2/2013
What order are these organs encountered in the digestive tract (from mouth to anus)? Put them in the correct sequence.
MouthEsophagusStomach
Small intestineLiver and Pancreas
Large intestineColonAnus
Biology Journal 10/4/2013
Salivary Amylase Trypsin
Substrate Polypeptides(aka protein)
Products 3 Fatty acids & Glycerol
Type of enzyme Amylase
Place in the body it is
madePancreas
Complete the table!
Biology Journal 10/4/2013
Salivary Amylase Trypsin Pancreatic Lipase
SubstrateStarch
(which is a polysaccharide)
Polypeptides(aka protein) Triglycerides
ProductsMaltose
(which is a monosacharide)
Monopeptides(aka amino acids)
3 Fatty acids & Glycerol
Type of enzyme Amylase Protease Lipase
Place in the body it is
madeSalivary glands(in the mouth)
Duodenum(small intestine) Pancreas
X-ray scan of a house cat being digested by a python.
What is activation energy? What do enzymes do to activation energy?
Activation energy is the energy input required to make a reaction happen. Enzymes lower the activation energy of a reaction, thus it’s faster!
Biology Journal
Stomach Has a pH of 2 (because of HCl) pH kills almost all bacteria, viruses and
denatures proteins Contains pepsin (a protease whose optimum pH
is 2) Stretch-receptors trigger release of enzymes
So, based on that, do you think that the 5 second rule is valid?
Small Intestine Absorbs molecules through villi Long! (around 7 meters (23 feet) long)
Small Intestine Liver and Pancreas add enzymes to finish
breaking down food Bile ducts and pancreatic duct meet up and
transfer bile and enzymes to duodenum
Small Intestine Villi are finger-like
projections that maximize surface area for absorption of molecules.
Villi are like a bath towel. The more surface area, the faster and more efficient the absorption.
Molecules are absorbed by villi, meaning the nutrients pass from the gut into the blood. These molecules are assimilated by cells, meaning cells take the molecules and integrate them into themselves.
Large Intestine Absorbs water from food (not nutrients) Has large stores of bacteria
How does diarrhea help cure you from an illness?
During diarrhea, the small intestine stops absorbing water and instead attempts to purge all contents of digestive system.