Biology Final Review Part A
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Transcript of Biology Final Review Part A
Biology Final ReviewPart A
Which part of the scientific method?
• “If the height of the Fast Plant is related to the amount of fertilizer, then the more fertilizer, the taller the plant will grow.”
• A. observation
• B. inference
• C. hypothesis
• D. conclusion
• ANSWER: hypothesis
What inference can be made?
• A. Temperature is unrelated to number of organisms
• B. As the temperature increases, so does the number of organisms
• C. As the temperature increases, the number of organisms decreases
• ANSWER: B
What is the sugar pill group’s purpose?
• Group A is given a pill to test
• Group B is given a sugar pill
• A. experimental group
• B. control group
• C. taste test
• D. limiting factor
• ANSWER: B
Handout
• Bacteria Identification: Bacteria ShapesLet’s say you go to the doctor to see if you have Strep Throat. How do they determine that?
NOTE SHAPES AND CLUSTERS
How to Identify bacteria
• Endospore Forming
Note capsule and flagella
Glucose Fermentation
• None Fermentation Ferm. + gas
• Differential Media - Detection of Acid from Glucose, Page 2 (more test results)
Bacterial Identification - The API-20E System
(Link)
Note shapes, clusters, color
• Stapylococcus Gram positive
• Staphylobacillus Gram negative
What is the measurement?
• A. 8 mL
• B. 7 mL
• C. 6 mL
• D. 6.3 mL
• E. 6.6 mL
• ANSWER: E
meniscus
Using a compound light microscope, which is 40 X, which is
400X?• A B
• ANSWER:
• 400X 40X
Where are these parts?
• Revolving nose piece• Coarse adjustment• Fine Adjustment• Stage• Base• Arm• Diaphragm• Condenser• Objectives
To first find an object use on a microscope:
A
B
C
D
What structure is used to fine focus an object?
A
B
C
D
When should you wear goggles?
• A. Only if you do not have corrective lenses.
• B. all times when instructed by the instructor
• C. to improve your vision
• D. avoid eye strain
• ANSWER: B
Who should clean up the lab table and put away the supplies?
• A. Teacher• B. Students entering the lab.• C. Students leaving the lab.• D. Custodian• ANSWER: Students leaving
the lab
Process of substances moving from a region of HIGH to LOW concentrations is called:
• A. phagocytosis
• B. osmosis
• C. active transport
• D. diffusion
• ANSWER: diffusion osmosis is hi to low of water through a selectively perm. memb
What is the basic structural and functional unit of living things?
• A. atom• B. molecule• C. cell• D. organism
• ANSWER: cell
What movement goes through a membrane low to high
concentration and requires energy?
• A. Passive Transport
• B. Active Transport
• C. Facilitate Transport
• D. Endocytosis
• ANSWER: B
If a cell contains a nucleus, it must be:
• A. eukaryotic
• B. prokaryotic
• C. an animal
• D. a plant
• ANSWER: A
How long is each cell?
• A. 2 mm• B. 1 mm• C. 0.5 mm• D. 0.25 mm
• ANSWER: C• Field diam. Divided by how many cells fit across
How long is each cell?0.5 mm = ?
• A. 5000 µm• B. 500 µm• C. 50 µm• D. 5 µm
• ANSWER: B• Multiply mm by 1000 for µm
• POLYMER• Carbohydrates (1:2 C:H)
– starch in plants– Glycogen in animals
• Lipids
• Protein
• Nucleic Acids
• MONOMER• Monosaccharide
• 3 Fatty acids and glycerol
• Amino acids (NH2)
• Nucleotides (sugar, phosphate, base)
What are two necessary elements for organic compounds?
• A. carbon and nitrogen• B. carbon and oxygen• C. carbon and hydrogen
ANSWER: C and H
Which are characteristics of plant cells?
• A. Have chloroplasts• B. Undergo cellular respiration• C. Go through mitosis and meiosis• D. Have centrioles• E. Have cell walls• F. photosynthesize
ANSWER: All except D
Which are characteristics of animal cells?
• A. Have chloroplasts• B. Undergo cellular respiration• C. Go through mitosis and meiosis• D. Have centrioles• E. Have cell walls• F. photosynthesize
ANSWER: B,C, D
Osmosis in Plant Cells
• Water moves from hypo to hypertonic
High salt on outside equal in and out Low salt on outside
If a plant wilts, which organelle will most be affected?
• A. nucleus
• B. large central vacuole
• C. lysosomes
• D. chloroplasts
• ANSWER: B
What was done to slide B of human cheek cells?
• A
• Not stained
• B
stained
If a cell was placed in distilled water for 15 minutes, what would
happen?
• A. Cell would swell and burst
• B. Cell would shrink
• C. Cell would not change
• HINT: water moves from hypo to hypertonic
•ANSWER: A
Identify the site of:
• A. where proteins are repackaged
• B. cellular respiration
• C. protein synthesis
Identify the site of:
• A. where proteins are repackaged -Golgi
• B. cellular respiration - mitochondrion
• C. protein synthesis - ribosome
Where is the site of:
• A. microtubules used in cell division in animal cells only
• B. Rough ER 11
Where is the site of:
• A. microtubules used in cell division in animal cells only (11)
• B. Rough ER (6) 11
In eukaryotic cells, asexual cell division is called:
• A. mitosis• B. meiosis• C. centrosome• D. cytokinesis
• ANSWER: “A” Mitosis makes somatic (body) cells and meiosis makes sex cells
What are the numbers?
• DIPLOID(2n)• 50• 18• 46• Which are human
somatic cells?
• HAPLOID (n)• 25• 9• 23
• 46 (somatic or body) –diploid (mitosis)
• 23 (sex)-haploid (meiosis)
Put the phases of mitosis in order:
• Metaphase telophase anaphase prophase
• ANSWER: PMAT
In which phase is DNA replicated?
G1 (gap 1)
G2 (gap 1)
S (synthesis)
M (mitosis)
ANSWER: S
Which of the following is not true of a gamete?
• A. female is an egg
• B. male is sperm
• C. produced by mitosis
• D. can fuse with one another to form a zygote
• ANSWER: C
What is the normal number of chromosomes in a normal body
human cell?
• 92
• 46
• 23
• 21
• ANSWER: 46
What process is shown?
• A. mutation
• B. nondisjunction
• C. independent assortment
• D. crossing over
• ANSWER: D
Identify if a property of (P) photosynthesis or of (CR) cellular
respiration:
• Gives off oxygen
• Gives off carbon dioxide
• Uses sunlight
• Makes ATP
• Makes glucose
Identify if a property of (P) photosynthesis or of (CR) cellular
respiration:
• Gives off oxygen P
• Gives off carbon dioxide CR
• Uses sunlight P
• Makes ATP CR
• Makes glucose P
• Uses oxygen to burn glucose CR
In what organelle do these processes happen?
• PHOTOSYNTHESIS
• ANSWER: chloroplast
• CELLULAR RESPIRATION
• ANSWER: mitochondrion
The most ATP is made in what process?
• A. Glycolysis -anaerobic
• B. Kreb’s cycle -aerobic
• C. ETC and chemiosmosis -aerobic
• D. Lactic Acid Fermentation -anaerobic
The most ATP is made in what process?
• A. Glycolysis (2) -anaerobic
• B. Kreb’s cycle (2)-aerobic
• C. ETC and chemiosmosis (34)-aerobic
• D. Lactic Acid Fermentation (2)-anaerobic
• ANSWER: C
What is the name of the pigment that captures the most sunlight?
• A. carotenoids
• B. chlorophyll
• C. Xanthophylls
• D. melanin
• ANSWER: B
Fermentation is not as effective as cellular respiration because:
• A. it uses more ATP than it produces
• B. it does not use all the water supplied to it
• C. it loses electrons to the cell during its reactions
• D. it does not completely break down glucose
• ANSWER: D
What is the source of nearly all the oxygen in the world?
• A. decayed matter
• B. splitting of water
• C. splitting of carbon dioxide
• D. breaking down of glucose
• ANSWER: B
Plants store their extra glucose in a large carbohydrate polymer called:
• A. proteins
• B. fat or lipid
• C. glycerol
• D. starch
• ANSWER: D
The greenhouse effect is:
• A. decreased by photosynthesis (takes out CO2)
• B. increased by photosynthesis• C. decreased by burning fossil fuels• D. increased by burning fossil fuels (puts in
CO2)• Greenhouse Effect - animated diagram (link)• Photosynthesis diagram (link)
• ANSWER: both A and D
Autotrophs that utilize light as their energy source are:
• A. chemosynthetic
• B. photosynthetic
• C. carnivores
• D. herbivores
• ANSWER: B
Where is the energy released from in ATP?
• A. Between the last two phosphates
• B. Between the adenine and a phosphate
• C. Between the adenine and the ribose
• D. Between the ribose and a phosphate
• ANSWER: A
An organic compound that has a ratio of 2:1 of H:O is a(n):
• A. carbohydrate
• B. lipid
• C. protein
• D. nucleic acid
• ANSWER: A. carbohydrate
A protein that ends in –”ase” that speeds up organic chemical
reactions is:
• A. lipids• B. organics• C. carriers• D. enzymes• ANSWER: D
What is (are) the reactant (s)?
• CO2 + H2O H2CO3
• ANSWER: CO2 and H2O
• Products are on the right
•You are fools for not paying attention.
How many protons are in Na?
• ANSWER: 11 protons
• 12 neutrons 11 electrons
23Na11
P + n (subtract 23-11 for n)
P (same as e-)
Catalyst proteins that controls chemical reactions are called:
• A. enzymes
• B. carbohydrates
• C. ATP
• D. nucleic acids
• ANSWER: enzymes
RNA and DNA are:
• A. carbohydrates
• B. nucleic acids
• C. lipids
• D. proteins
• ANSWER: B
Lipids are combinations of:
• A. amino acids
• B. ribose + phosphates
• C. fatty acids + glycerol
• D. monosaccharides
• ANSWER: C
What is the function of each?
• Carbohydrate
• Protein
• Nucleic acid
• Lipid
• Energy for cells
• Skin, muscles, etc.
• Genetic info
• Energy storage and cell membranes
Underline Which is Correct
• T = dominant or recessive
• And t = dominant or recessive
• Tt = heterozygous or homozygous
• TT, and tt = heterozygous or homozygous
Underline Which is Correct
• T = dominant or recessive
• And t = dominant or recessive
• Tt = heterozygous or homozygous
• TT, tt = heterozygous or homozygous
TT, RR, HH are all:
• A. homozygous recessive
• B. homozygous dominant
• C. heterozygous recessive
• D. heterozygous dominant
• ANSWER: B
What are the male and female chromosome symbols?
• MALE
• ANSWER: XY
• FEMALE
• ANSWER: XX
Alternate forms of a gene, like purple and white flowers, are:
• A. traits
• B. alleles
• C. points
• D. telomeres
• ANSWER: B
What are the ratios for the cross of Ss x Ss?
• A. phenotypic
• B. genotypic
• S=smooth
• And s=rough
What are the ratios for the cross of Ss x Ss?
• A. phenotypic 3 Smooth:1rough
• B. genotypic 1 SS: 2:Ss:1ss
• S=smooth
• And s=rough
S sSs
SS Ss
Ss ss
Genotype and Phenotype?
• Which is the genotype?
• TT : Tt : tt Tall : short
• Genotype are the letters, TT, Tt , tt
• Phenotype is the description:
Tall : short
Thomas Morgan discovered sex linked traits in the fruit fly.
• How many male Brown eyed flies are predicted?
• B= brown and b=blue
• ANSWER: 100% brown
males
Sex-linked Trait Problem
• In humans, red-green color-blindness is a sex-linked trait located on the X chromosomes.
• Normal vision (XN) is dominant to color-blindness (Xn).
• Using a Punnett square, cross a heterozygous female with a male that has normal vision.
Did you use these parents?
XN Xn
XN
Y
Did you fill in these offspring?
XNXN XNXn
XNY XnY
XN Xn
XN
Y
What is the genotypic ratio?
XNXN XNXn
XNY XnY
XN Xn
XN
Y
Genotypic: Females 1 XNXN : 1 XNXn
Males: 1 XNY : 1 XnY
What is the phenotypic ratio?
XNXN XNXn
XNY XnY
XN Xn
XN
Y
Genotypic: Females all Normal
Males: 1 Normal : 1 colorblind
CONTRAST
• Mitosis• 2N to 2N (diploid)• Makes somatic
(body) cells• Humans: 46 somatic
cells• Has 1 division
• Meiosis• 2N to N (haploid)• Makes sex cells
• Humans: 23 sex cells
• Has 2 divisions
What is this chart called?
• Punnett
• Karyotype
• Pedigree
• ANSWER:
• karyotype
What is this genetic disorder?
• Down
• Klinefelter’s
• Turner’s
• Marfan
• ANSWER:Down Syndrome
What is this genetic disorder?
• Down syndrome trisomy 21
• Klinefelter’s XXY
• Turner’s XO
• Marfan
What is this chart called?
• Punnett
• Pedigree
• Karyotype
• ANSWER: Pedigree
B=brown eyes b=blue eyesbb=shaded
• What is the genotype of parent I-1?
• ANSWER: Bb
How many children did I-1 and I-2 have?
• A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 7
• ANSWER: 4
What is the sex of the child at the arrow?
• ANSWER: male
Match the scientists:
• A. Founder of Genetics, pea plants
• B. Father of Evolution, natural selection
• C. Found the structure of DNA
• D. Acquired traits
• 1. Watson,Crick• 2. Mendel• 3. Darwin• 4. Lamarck
• ANSWER: A-2• B-3 • C-1 D-4
What is the complementary DNA strand?
• A T C C G A C T A G G
• T A G G C T G A T C C
• A-T C-G for DNA to DNA
What is the complementary RNA strand?
• A T C C G A C T A G G
• U A G G C U G A U C C
• DNA – RNA A-U C-G
• (no T’s)
What would be…
• DNA ATC
mRNA? ____
tRNA? ____
What would be…
• DNA ATC
mRNA? UAG
tRNA? AUC