Biology and Management of Chilli T hrips and Other K ey P ests
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Transcript of Biology and Management of Chilli T hrips and Other K ey P ests
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Biology and Management of Chilli Thrips and Other Key Pests
Oscar E. Liburd
Professor of Fruit & Veg Ent.University of Florida
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Chilli thrips Scirtothrips dorsalis distribution
Native to southeast Asia and India
X
Peanuts & chilli peppers in India
Tea in Japan & Taiwan
Soybeans inIndonesia
Strawberriesin AustraliaIntroduced to the western hemisphere
on imported plant products (cut-flowers)
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Current Situation in US (Chilli thrips )
Florida• 1991...first recorded in Florida (Okeechobee County)• 1994 … Highlands County• 2004 & 2005 Chilli thrips Outbreaks (ornamental,
roses)• 2010 - Present in > 45 counties
Texas - LRGV• 2008 - present on landscape roses in Harris and • Montgomery counties
Puerto Rico• 2006 detected in wholesale nurseries
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Chilli thrips (Adult & Larvae)Adults are about 1.2 mm (0.05) inches long
Dark
win
gs
Flowerthrips
Chillithrips
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Symptoms of Chilli thrips infestation
Severe leaf curling in heavy infestation
Implicated in transmissionof a few virus diseases
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (TSWV ), and Yellow Spot Virus in peanuts
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Symptoms of Chilli thrips infestation
Bronzing
Shoot Die-back
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High infestation also damages the fruit
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Key aspects of Chilli thrips management program
• Weekly monitoring (scouting of blueberry planting)
• Implementation of insecticide program (if more than 5% of the field has obvious hot-spots and Chilli thrips injury)
• Synthetic pyrethriods can be used in a rotation program but use should be restricted because they reduce the population of natural predators
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Assail SpinTor Novaluron GF968 Knack Calypso Malathion
Average increase in thrips
popu
lation
Comparison of various insecticides in southern highbush blueberries
InsecticidesAssail Delegate Novaluron GF968 Knack Calypso Untreated
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Mean numbers of Chilli thrips larvae on Jalapeno pepper plant treated with various
insecticides
Acephate Lorsban Vydate Lannate Avaunt Thiodan Control0
5
10
15
20
25
Applied four times on the foliage at 7 d intervalsSamples were collected 48h after each applicationEvaluation was made by counting adults and larvae on randomly selected 10 leaves/plot
Oxadiazinee
Organo- phosphates
Organo-chlorines
Carbamates
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1002468
101214 Admire
PlatinumVenomControl
Days of observation
Mea
n no
. lar
vae
Mean numbers of Chilli larvae/plant treated with neonicotinoid insecticides
(Actara)
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Beneficial insects that feed on Chilli thrips
Hemipterans
Bigeyed bug \ Geocoris spp. Minute pirate bug, Orius spp.
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Beneficial insects that feed on Chilli thrips
• Phytoseid mites (predatory)– Amblyseius swirskii
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Summary and findingsInsecticide management
program• Spinosyns
Delegate 3.5 Entrust (organic) 3.0
• Neonicotinoids Assail (Acetamiprid) 4.0 Imidacloprid (Admire) 3.5 – 4.0
• OrganophosphatesMalathion 2.5 – 3.0Imidan (Phosmet) 2.5 –
3.0
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SWD Survey: 2012 and 2013 Blueberry Seasons
Suwannee
Alachua Putnam Marion Citrus Lake Orange Polk DeSoto0
1
2
3
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6
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*
*
*
20122013
County (North to South)
Mea
n SW
D pe
r Tra
p O
ver S
easo
n
2012 had more captures than 2013 in most counties
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Movement Study 2013 Blueberry Seasons
• 11 blueberry farms
• 7 Florida counties – Polk in south-central to
Suwannee in the north
• 4 to 7 traps per site & traps were hung on the border and in the center of the field
• Traps serviced weekly March to May
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 140123456
* **
*Central Perimeter
Week
Mea
n SW
DMean SWD Captured in Perimeter and Central
Traps in Blueberries 2013
SWD captures similar throughout season, greater in perimeter traps at end
P ≤ 0.05
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3/2 3/16 3/30 4/13 4/27 5/110
20
40
60
80
100 Bordering bushes Blueberry field
Tota
l SW
D co
unte
d
0200400
Major plant spp: Wild blackberryOthers: wild grapes, red tip leaves (Photinia frazeria), black night shade
Determining how alternative hosts impact SWD populations
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Developing a Rotational Spray Program for SWD
* Compounds with long PHIs were applied before start of the harvesting period
Trt No. Spray 1 Spray 2 Spray 3 Spray 41 Delegate Malathion Mustang Mustang2 Delegate Imidan Malathion Malathion3 Danitol Delegate Malathion Malathion4 Malathion Delegate Hero Hero5 Delegate Cyazypyr Cyazypyr Delegate*6 Entrust Entrust Pyganic Pyganic7 Control Control Control Control
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Effect of Various pesticides on SWD Population
Entrust - Ent/Ent/Pyg/PygDelegate 1 - Del/Cyaz/ Cyaz/DelMalathion - Mal/ Del/ Hero/HeroDelegate 2 - Del/ Imid/ Mal/Mal Danitol - Dan/ Del/ Mal/MalDelegate 3 - Del / Mal / Must /MustControl (untreated)
No SWD larva were found in the incubated berries
Entrust Del 1 Malathion Del 2 Danitol Del 3 Control 05
1015202530
Tota
l SW
D co
unte
d
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Summary and findings
• SWD moved into the field from adjacent areas containing host plants– As season progressed and less berries were
available for harvesting a higher population of flies were recorded within the blueberry planting
•Wild blackberries are a major host for SWD during the off-season for blueberries
•Most of the insecticide combinations including the organic treatments suppressed SWD population
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Acknowledgements
• Alto Straughn • Florida Blueberry Growers Association (FBGA)• Southern Region EPA grant #: X8-96424405-0• Florida Dept of Agric. State block grant
program• Small Fruit and Vegetable Lab at UF