Biology 441: Animal Behavior
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Transcript of Biology 441: Animal Behavior
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Biology 441: Animal Behavior
Introductions Notecards
Course Mechanics Syllabus; expectations
Content: What is Ethology?
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Introduction to Animal Behavior
Semantics Ethology vs. Animal Behavior vs. Behavioral Ecology
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Introduction to Animal Behavior
What is Ethology? Ethos = habit
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Introduction to Animal Behavior
What is Ethology? Def. The biological study of animal behavior
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Introduction to Animal Behavior
What is Ethology? Def. The biological study of animal behavior Better def. The study of animal behavior using the
scientific method
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Introduction to Animal Behavior
What is animal behavior?
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Introduction to Animal Behavior
What is animal behavior? All observable or otherwise measurable muscular or
secretory responses (or lack thereof) in response to changes in an animals internal or external environment
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Introduction to Animal Behavior
What is animal behavior? All observable or otherwise measurable muscular or
secretory responses (or lack thereof) in response to changes in an animals internal or external environment
AKA WHAT ANIMALS DO
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Introduction to Animal Behavior
What is animal behavior? A more poetic answer:
“The study of behavior encompasses all of the movements and sensations by which animals and men mediate their relationship with their external environments -- physical, biotic and social. No scientific field is more complex, and none is more central to human problems and aspirations.”
[Alexander 1975:77]
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Introduction to Animal Behavior
Why study behavior?
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Introduction to Animal Behavior
Why study behavior? Animals = good models for understanding ourselves
Behavior, neurobiology Animal conservation, endangered species Practical: farm animals, pest species control, disease
prevention, pets Management of animals in captivity Curiosity!
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Introduction to Animal Behavior
Are we all amateur behaviorists?
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Introduction to Animal Behavior
Quote from pet counselor in Ohio: “It’s wonderful — anyone can be a behaviorist — no
degree or formal training is necessary. I just do it.”
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Introduction to Animal Behavior
The problem with amateur behaviorists… Perceptual bias Anthropomorphism
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Bias & Behavior
Humans often see what we expect to see
QuickTime™ and aH.263 decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
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Our minds contain a model of the universe. Our experience (e.g., vision) is allowed to update it, but only in certain ways.We can’t avoid it — we are born with a model already in place!
Why do we make this mistake?
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Bias & Behavior
Humans often see what we expect to see Aristotle and teeth
See pattern where no pattern exists Human anthropomorphize
Ascribe human characteristics to things not human Attribute conscious thought to animals too quickly
e.g. Wilhelm Von-Osten and “Clever Hans”
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Introduction to Animal Behavior
What makes a professional behaviorist? Proper use of the scientific method
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Introduction to Animal Behavior
Scientific Method (review) 1.
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Introduction to Animal Behavior
Scientific Method (review) 1. Observations 2.
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Introduction to Animal Behavior
Scientific Method (review) 1. Observations 2. Questions
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Introduction to Animal Behavior
Scientific Method (review) 1. Observations 2. Questions 3. Hypotheses 4.
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Introduction to Animal Behavior
Scientific Method (review) 1. Observations 2. Questions 3. Hypotheses 4. Tests (experiments) 5.
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Introduction to Animal Behavior
Scientific Method (review) 1. Observations 2. Questions 3. Hypotheses 4. Tests (experiments) 5. Interpretation
Hypothesis supported or refuted? Alternative hypotheses?
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Introduction to Animal Behavior
The problem with professional behaviorists… Perceptual bias still possible
The Mask of Theory and the Face of Nature “Rarely does it become possible for the scientist to step
back, examine the social preconditions that have led to the construction of the mask of theory, and ask: Why have I interpreted the natural world the way I have? What elements of my culture made one interpretation obvious and believable, but not another?”
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Amateur Video
“Battle at Kruger” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LU8DDYz68kM