Biology 4Biology 4

What is Life?What is Life?

Properties of LifeProperties of Life

ReproductionReproduction

OrderOrder

Growth and DevelopmentGrowth and Development

Use EnergyUse Energy

Response to the EnvironmentResponse to the Environment

HomeostasisHomeostasis

Evolutionary AdaptationsEvolutionary Adaptations

Smallest Unit of LifeSmallest Unit of Life

• Cell or Virus????

Smallest Unit of Life – The CellSmallest Unit of Life – The Cell

• Prokaryotic Cells– DNA and Ribosomes– No nucleus– No membrane bound

Organelles

• Eukaryotic Cells– DNA and Ribosomes– Nucleus– Membrane bound

Organelles

Emergent PropertiesEmergent Properties

• Novel properties emerge that are not present at the level below

• Reductionism

Unity and DiversityUnity and Diversity

Biology HierarchyBiology Hierarchy

Biology HierarchyBiology Hierarchy• Subatomic Particles• Atoms• Molecules• Organelles• Cells• Tissues• Organs• Organ Systems

• Organisms• Populations• Communities• Ecosystems• Biomes• Biosphere

Biology HierarchyBiology Hierarchy• K

• P

• C

• O

• F

• G

• S

Biology HierarchyBiology Hierarchy• Kingdom

• Phylum

• Class

• Order

• Family

• Genus

• Species

Biology HierarchyBiology Hierarchy• Kingdom - Animalia

• Phylum

• Class

• Order

• Family

• Genus

• Species

Biology HierarchyBiology Hierarchy• Kingdom - Animalia

• Phylum - Chordata

• Class

• Order

• Family

• Genus

• Species

Biology HierarchyBiology Hierarchy• Kingdom - Animalia

• Phylum - Chordata

• Class - Aves

• Order

• Family

• Genus

• Species

Biology HierarchyBiology Hierarchy• Kingdom - Animalia

• Phylum - Chordata

• Class - Aves

• Order - Falconiformes

• Family

• Genus

• Species

Biology HierarchyBiology Hierarchy• Kingdom - Animalia

• Phylum - Chordata

• Class - Aves

• Order - Falconiformes

• Family - Accipitridae

• Genus

• Species

Biology HierarchyBiology Hierarchy• Kingdom - Animalia

• Phylum - Chordata

• Class - Aves

• Order - Falconiformes

• Family - Accipitridae

• Genus - Haliaeetus

• Species

Biology HierarchyBiology Hierarchy• Kingdom - Animalia

• Phylum - Chordata

• Class - Aves

• Order - Falconiformes

• Family - Accipitridae

• Genus - Haliaeetus

• Species - leucocephalus

Biology HierarchyBiology Hierarchy• Kingdom - Animalia

• Phylum - Chordata

• Class - Aves

• Order - Falconiformes

• Family - Accipitridae

• Genus - Haliaeetus

• Species - leucocephalus

Biology HierarchyBiology Hierarchy• Domain• Kingdom• Phylum• Class• Order• Family• Genus • Species

DomainsDomains

Domain: BacteriaDomain: Bacteria

• Prokaryotic

• Cell Walls - Peptidoglycan

• Most Bacteria

Domain: ArchaeaDomain: Archaea

• Prokaryotic

• Extreme Conditions

• Make DNA and Proteins like eukaryotic cells

Domain: EukaryaDomain: Eukarya

• Eukaryotic Cells

Kingdom: ProtistaKingdom: Protista

• Usually Unicellular• Some have Cell Walls

of Cellulose

Kingdom: FungiKingdom: Fungi

• Multicellular• Cell Walls of Chitin• Decomposers

Kingdom: PlantaeKingdom: Plantae

• Multicellular• Cell Walls of

Cellulose• Autotrophs

Kingdom: AnimaliaKingdom: Animalia

• Multicellular• No Cell Walls• Heterotrophs

What is What is Science?Science?

• Science = To Know• Science is a process

– Scientific Method

What is What is Science?Science?

• Science = To Know• Science is a process

– Scientific Method

Scientific MethodScientific Method• Observation

– Senses / Lit search• Hypothesis

– Testable and Repeatable– Null hypothesis – No significant difference– Alternative hypothesis – significant difference

• Experiment– Sample Size = 30– Control, change one variable– Threshold criterion (0.05)

• Analysis– Quantitative (Statistical testing)

• Conclusion

Scientific MethodScientific Method• Observation

– Senses / Lit search• Hypothesis

– Testable and Repeatable– Null hypothesis – No significant difference– Alternative hypothesis – significant difference

• Experiment– Sample Size = 30– Control, change one variable– Threshold criterion (0.05)

• Analysis– Quantitative (Statistical testing)

• Conclusion

Are they the same?Are they the same?• Hypothesis

• Theory

• Law

Probability in ScienceProbability in Science

• Science eliminates possibilities

ProbabilityProbability in Science in Science

• Do the colors makethem harder to see?

• Is there a benefit lookinglike a poisonous species?

ProbabilityProbability in Science in Science

• Science eliminates

possibilities

ProbabilityProbability in Science in Science

• Science eliminates

possibilities

EvolutionEvolution

EvolutionEvolution• Change over time

Why isn’t “Intelligent Design” Why isn’t “Intelligent Design” taught in most science taught in most science

Classes?Classes?