Biology 3451 Entomology Introduction. How the course is organized Part 1: Guts ‘n’ Gonads...
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Transcript of Biology 3451 Entomology Introduction. How the course is organized Part 1: Guts ‘n’ Gonads...
Biology 3451
Entomology
Introduction
How the course is organized
Part 1: Guts ‘n’ Gonads
Internal and External Structure
1. All major body sections + associated appendages
2. All major organ systems and how they work.
Part 2: Tiptoe through the Orders
1. Insect evolution and paleontology
2. Characteristics of the insect orders and how they are related
Part 3: Assorted and Fascinating Topics
- such as: communication, overwintering strategies, mating systems, forensic entomology
Why we care about insects.
1. Annoyance
Why we care about insects.
2. Disease
Why we care about insects.
3. Competition
Why we care about insects.
4. Providers
Why we care about insects.
5. Fascination
History of Entomology
Egyptian Mythology- scarab (dung ) beetle
Cartouche of Pharaohs
History of Entomology
Egyptian Mythology
Flies
Elaterid beetle
Buprestid beetleRelated to myths of rebirth
May be model for shields used inbattle
Related to myths of rebirth
History of Entomology
Egyptian Mythology
Grasshoppers
Honey bees
Linked with solar cult of Re – bees were tears of Re
Represented life along the Nile
History of Entomology
North American Native Mythology
Navajo dragonfly
Dragonflies
-involved in creation myths
History of Entomology
North American Native Mythology
Navajo dragonfly
Dragonflies
-involved in creation myths
History of Entomology
North American Native Mythology
Hopi
Butterflies
-symbol of rebirth, regeneration, happiness, joy
History of Entomology
North American Native Mythology
Biting flies
Montagnais-’Big Biter’ – protector
of fish
History of Entomology
North American Native Mythology
Navajo dragonfly
Ant
-involved in creation myths
Why we care about insects.
6. Mythology – North America
AnishinababeHow fly saved the river
LenapeHow the butterfly came to be
BajaCricket and cougar
KlamathCricket and mountain lion
MiwokGrasshoppers
CheyenneDragonflyNez Percé
Katydid
TlingitHow mosquito came to be
CherokeeHow the bee got its stinger
KoasatiLocust and ant
InnuitBoy and mosquito
Mi’kmaqWhere the mosquito came from
Approximately 100 references to insects – most are negative
History of Entomology
Aristotle (384 - 322 BC)
History of the Animals
On the Parts of Animals
On the Generation of Animals
Contributions
1. Observations on behaviour/natural history
2. First attempt at taxonomy
3. Applied entomology (pest control)
4. Recognized metamorphosis
History of Entomology
Pliny the Elder (23 - 79 AD)
Historica Naturalis
History of Entomology
Albertus Magnus (1193 - 1280 )
De Animalibus-covered 33 insect species
History of Entomology
Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1632 - 1723)
-microscopy-described viviparity and parthenogensis in aphids
History of Entomology
Marcello Malpighi (1628 - 1694)
-published first detailed anatomyof any invertebrate (Bombyx)
History of Entomology
Jan Swammerdam (1637 - 1680)(“Father of Entomology”)
-microanatomical studies(mayfly, honeybee)
History of Entomology
John Ray (1628 - 1705)
-scheme for classification of all living things (including insects)
History of Entomology
Carl von Linné ( 1707 - 1778)(Linnaeus)
-binomial classification system-described over 2000 species of insects
History of Entomology
J.C. Fabricius (1745 - 1808)
-student of Linnaeus-classified insects based on mouthparts
Systema Entomologica (1775)-basis of insect classification
Philosophia Entomologica (1778)-first entomology text- described >10,000 species
History of Entomology
P.F.M.A. Dejean (1780 - 1845)
-first to specialize on one group of insects- described >22,000 species of beetles
History of Entomology
Thomas Say (1787 - 1834)
-wrote first treatise on insectsin North America
“American Entomology”
History of Entomology
400 300 200 100 0 100
1500 1600 1700 1800 1900
Aristotle Pliny the Elder Albertus Magnus
1100 1200 1300
Malpighi
Ray
Von Leeuwenhoek
Swammerdam
Linnaeus
Fabricius
Say
Invention of microscope
PHYLOGENY
Arthropoda
Myriapoda
Chelicerata
Hexapoda
Crustacea (crabs, lobsters, barnacles)
Pauropoda
Diplopoda (millipedes)
Chilopoda (centipedes)
Arachnida (spiders, mites, ticks)
Eurypterida (sea scorpions)
Xiphosura (horseshoe crabs)
Pycnogonida (sea spiders)
Trilobita (trilobites)
Symphyla
Mandibulata
PHYLOGENY
Arthropoda
Myriapoda
Chelicerata
Hexapoda
Crustacea (crabs, lobsters, barnacles)
Pauropoda
Diplopoda (millipedes)
Chilopoda (centipedes)
Arachnida (spiders, mites, ticks)
Eurypterida (sea scorpions)
Xiphosura (horseshoe crabs)
Pycnogonida (sea spiders)
Trilobita (trilobites)
Symphyla
The Insect Orders
Insecta
Hexapoda
Protura
Diplura
Collembola
The Insect Orders
Insecta
Archaeognatha
Thysanura
Pterygota
Paleoptera
Neoptera
Ephemeroptera
Odonata
Orthopteroids
PlecopteraEmbiidinaPhasmidaOrthopteraMantophasmatodeaZorapteraDictyopteraGrylloblatodea
Hemipteroids PsocodeaThysanopteraHemiptera
Endopterygota
The Insect Orders (continued
Insecta
Archaeognatha
Thysanura
Pterygota
Paleoptera
Neoptera
Orthopteroids
Hemipteroids
Endopterygota
Megaloptera
RhaphidiopteraNeuroptera
DipteraMecopteraSiphonaptera
TrichopteraLepidoptera
Coleoptera
? Strepsiptera
Hymenoptera
Animal Abundance - Number of Species
Animal Abundance - Number of Species
Relative Abundance of the Major Insect Divisions
From the phylogenetic tree: Endopterygota = Coleopteroids + Strepsiptera + Lepidopteroids + Dipteroids +
Hymenoptera
Exopterygota = Hemipteroids + Paleoptera + Orthopteroids
Apterygota = Thysanura + Archaeognatha
Insect Orders - Number of Species
Insect Orders - Number of Species (log plot)
WHY ARE INSECTS SO SUCCESSFUL?
1. Ability to fly
2. Reproductive capacity & adaptibility
3. Resist drying - exoskeleton
4. Small size
5. Metamorphosis
Next time
Why insects are crunchy!