Biology 3401 - Animal Behaviour Introduction
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Transcript of Biology 3401 - Animal Behaviour Introduction
Biology 3401 - Animal Behaviour
Introduction
Levels of Analysis in Ethology
Proximate Causes Ultimate Causes
Genetic/DevelopmentalMechanisms
Sensory/MotorMechanisms
HistoricalPathways
Selective Processes
-effects of heredity-development of sensory- motor systems -gene-environment interactions
-nervous systems for stimulus detection-hormone systems for adjusting response levels-muscles for carrying out responses
-adaptive context ?-evolutionary development of a trait
How? Why?
Scientific Method
Make Observation
Formulate hypothesis to explain observation
Test HypothesisPass Fail
Hypothesis Theory
Test Theory
Theory Law
Pass Fail
Fail
Pass Many
Pass Many
The Scientific MethodTinbergen's Observations on the Bee Wolf - Philanthus triangulum
6. Confirm hypothesis
1.Observation - Female flies in a circle before going to hunt.
2. Hypothesis - Female is using landmarks to find the nest.
3. Prediction - Female will return to a landmark to find the nest.
4. Test - Place an artificial landmark around the nest and move it when the female is away
5. Result - Female orients to new landmark.
First Representations of Animal Behaviour
Greek Philosophers
Aristotle(384-322 BCE)
Perfect ‘Type’
e.g.
Ethology Psychology
- origins in natural history - origins in physiology & medicine
-early focus-understanding adaptive value of behaviour in the wild
-early focus-understanding causation and motivation of human behaviour using animal models
- field-based - laboratory-based
COMPARISON OF ETHOLOGY AND PSYCHOLOGY
- initially more observational - initially more empirical
Historical Figures
1. Charles Darwin
1835
1840
1845
1850
1855
1860
1865
1870
1875
1880
1885
The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle
Journal of researches (or voyage of the Beagle)
A monograph of the sub-class Cirripedia,
On the Origin of Species
Fossil Cirripedia
The various contrivances by which orchids are fertilised by insects.
The movements and habits of climbing plants.The variation of animals and
plants under domestication. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. The expression of the emotions
in man and animals.Insectivorous plants.
The effects of cross and self fertilisation in the vegetable kingdom. The different forms of flowers on
plants of the same species.The power of movement in plants.
The formation of vegetable mould, through the action of worms.
Questions about the breeding of animals
The structure and distribution of coral reefs.Geological observations on South America.Geological observations on the volcanic islands
visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle.
Darwin - Published Books
1835
1840
1845
1850
1855
1860
1865
1870
1875
1880
1885
The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle
Journal of researches (or voyage of the Beagle)
A monograph of the sub-class Cirripedia,
On the Origin of Species
Fossil Cirripedia
The various contrivances by which orchids are fertilised by insects.
The movements and habits of climbing plants.The variation of animals and
plants under domestication. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. The expression of the emotions
in man and animals.Insectivorous plants.
The effects of cross and self fertilisation in the vegetable kingdom. The different forms of flowers on
plants of the same species.The power of movement in plants.
The formation of vegetable mould, through the action of worms.
Questions about the breeding of animals
The structure and distribution of coral reefs.Geological observations on South America.Geological observations on the volcanic islands
visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle.
Darwin - Published Books
Historical Figures
1. Charles Darwin
Historical Figures
2. Lloyd Morgan
Historical Figures
3. Julian Huxley - Courtship habits of the great crested grebe
Historical Figures
4. J.B. Watson 5. B.F.Skinner
Historical Figures
6. Karl von Frisch
Historical Figures
7. Konrad Lorenz
Historical Figures
8. Niko Tinbergen
Nobel Prize in Medicine and Physiology -1973
Konrad Lorenz1903 - 1989
Niko Tinbergen1907 - 1988
Karl von Frisch1886 - 1982
Ethology
Ecology
Population Biology
Genetics
Endocrinology
PhysiologyNeurophysiology
Sociobiology
EvolutionaryBiology