Biology 322 Human Anatomy Human Embryology. One of the best ways to understand the structure of...
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Transcript of Biology 322 Human Anatomy Human Embryology. One of the best ways to understand the structure of...
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Biology 322
Human Anatomy
Human Embryology
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One of the best ways to understand the structure of the adult human body is to understand how it developed.
Similarly:
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Human Development: 3 Periods
Pre-embryonic:
Embryonic:
Fetal:
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Fertilization:
Resulting cell =
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As
Fluid-filled
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Pre-embryonic period now over, Embryonic period begins.
Fertilization – 2 wks = Pre-embryo2 wks – 8 wks = Embryonic period
8 wks – birth = Fetal period
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First:
View From Top, Showing Ectoderm
View From Edge (Cross-section) Showing All Three Layers
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As embryo develops:
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The first system to begin developing
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~ Day 22 – 23,
By day 28:
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~ Day 28: begin developing.
Length ~ 4mm (width of pencil)
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Late embryonic period (4 – 8 weeks):
Nervous system continues to develop; brain rapidly enlarges and folds Eyes and ears begin to develop
Digestive system forms
Heart folds, divides into chambers, begins contractions
Limbs continue developing, fingers and toes separate
Lungs bud off from digestive system and grow
Kidneys, bladder, gonads develop
Face develops as two halves on side of head; move to front and fuse
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End of embryonic period
• Body has human shape
• Almost all organs have begun developing
• Head growth still most pronounced
• Limbs complete
• Length ~
• Mass ~
Beginning of fetal period (8 weeks):
Mass of quarter: 5.7 grams
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Placenta well developed:
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In placenta:
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Ninth week:
(Organs and systems continue development)
Fetus =
Tenth week:
(Organs and systems continue development)
Fetus =
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After tenth week:
(Organs and systems continue to develop)
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After 17 weeks (four months)
Skin formed, but thin. Blood vessels easily seen through it
Hair starting to develop. Fingernails and toenails forming.
Eyelids still fused shut.
Ovaries form primordial follicles.
May suck thumb.
Moves arms, legs, head
Mother can feel movement.
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After 26 weeks (six months):
Hair present over entire body. Will become longer on scalp
Eyebrows and eyelashes forming
Eyelids almost open
Lungs producing surfactant
Testes begin descent through inguinal canal
Swallowing amniotic fluid
Movement of hands, feet, face
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After 34 weeks (eight months):
Skin pink, smooth
Longer hair on head
Eyes open, respond to light
Fingernails and toenails have reached ends of fingers and toes
Testes have reached scrotum
Fingers can grasp objects, fine movement of face and eyes
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Nine months:
Ready for birth
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