Biology 218 – Human Anatomy - RIDDELLnapavalley.edu/people/briddell/Documents/BIO 105/BIO...

Biology 105 – Human Biology

FINAL EXAM LECTURE

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GREEK / LATIN LEXICON Match the term with its Greek and / or Latin meaning

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Greek / Latin DerivationRoot, Prefix and / or Suffix

CODE TERM / DEFINITION

1. Ana2. Bio3. Cerebro4. Crani5. Cyto6. Endo7. Epi8. Erythro9. Gen10. Hepato11. Histo12. Hydro13. Hyper14. Hypo15. Inter16. Leuko17. Nephro18. Osteo19. Pulmon20. Tomy21. Trans

ABCDE

ABACADAEBCBDBECDCEDE

ABCABDABEACDACEADEBCDBCEBDECDE

ABCDABCEABDEACDEBCDE

ABCDE

1/1,000th1/1000,000thAbove normalAcrossAwayBelow normalBetweenBirth / BeginningBoneBrainCellFootFrontHandIn BetweenInsideKidneyLifeLightLiverLungManyRedSkullTissueTo CutTowardUponUp, BackWaterWhite


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CELLS TO GENESMatch the Items to their primary functions / definitions

COMPONENTS CODE Function

1. Alleles2. Chromosomes3. Cytoplasm4. Genes5. Nucleus6. Plasma Membrane

ABCDE

ABACADAEBCBD

ATP GenerationCell structureCondensed DNADouble membrane organelle containing DNAInteguement of the cellManufacture of RibosomesPairs of GenesProtein manufactureProtein ProcessingSection of DNA that codes for a traitThe soluble and insoluble contents of a cell

7. The study of the structure and function of cells is called ________.A) gross anatomyB) radiologyC) exploratory physiologyD) cytologyE) comparative physiology

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GENERAL ANATOMY

Match the numbered COMPONENTS and FUNCTIONS with the respective SYSTEM to which they are most closely associated.

FUNCTION CODE SYSTEM COMPONENTS / DESCRIPTION

8. Allergic and Immune Response9. Chemical Homeostasis10. CO2 and Dissolved Waste Transport11. Consciousness, Acute Homeostasis, Creativity12. Environmental, Thermal Protection13. Filtration And Elimination14. Gamete formation15. Intake and Absorption of Nutrient16. RBC & WBC genesis, Architecture of Body17. Ventilation18. Voluntary Movement and Involuntary Movement

ABCDEABACADAEBCBD

CardiovascularDigestiveEndocrineIntegumentaryLymphatic / ImmuneMuscularNervousReproductiveRespiratorySkeletalUrinary

19. Bronchi, Bronchioles, Alveoli, Pulmonary Capillaries20. Esophagus, Liver, Pancreas, Gall Bladder, Ileum21. Ligaments, Articulations, Osteocytes, Cartilage22. Nails, Sudiferous Glands, Hair, Smooth Muscle23. Spinal Cord, Axons, Neuroglia, Ascending Tracts24. Tendons, And Myofibrils, Sarcomeres25. Thymus, Lacteals, Spleen, Lymph26. Thyroid, Pancreas, Ovary, Adrenals, Thymus27. Ureter, Urethra, Nephron, Penis28. Uterine Tubes, Epididymis, Ovaries, Gamete Transport29. Vessels, Blood and Heart

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ORIENTATION / POSITIONMatch the Term with its Definition

CODE TERM Definition

A.B.C.D.E.

AB.AC.AD.AE.BC.BD.BE.CD.CE.DE.

ABC.ABD.ABE.ACD.

AnteriorArtificialCoronal / FrontalDeepDistalDorsalInferiorLateralMedialNaturalObliquePosteriorProximalSagitalSub-CutaneousSuperficialSuperiorTransverseVentral

30. At an angle31. Closer to the point of attachment32. Further from the point of attachment33. Separates Left from Right34. Separates one part from its extension along the longitudinal axis35. Toward the Back36. Toward the Bottom37. Toward the Front38. Toward the Middle39. Toward the Side40. Toward the Top

41. The ________ region of the left lower limb is proximal to the ________ region of the ipsilateral limb.A) carpal; manualB) brachial; femoralC) femoral; cruralD) antebrachial; brachialE) tarsal; crural

42. In the pig, cat, dog, mouse, rat and sheep, common experimental, anatomical study animals, the head is ________ to the tail. In the human, the head is ________ to the gluteal region (buttock).A) superior; superiorB) posterior; dorsalC) anterior; superiorD) anterior; posteriorE) ventral; distal

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HISTOLOGY

Histology Answer Choices

CODE Histology Histology cont.

ABCDE

ABACADAEBCBDBECDCEDE

ABCABDABEACDACEADEBCDBCEBDECDE

ABCDABCEABDEACDEBCDE

ABCDE

AdiposeAreolarAstrocytesBasophilBloodBoneCardiacCartilageCellsCiliatedCNSColumnarCompactConnectiveCuboidalDenseElasticEosinophilEpendymalEpithelialErythrocytesFibrousFluidHyalineIrregularKeratinizedLeukocytesLooseLymph

None of the above

LymphocytesMacrophageMicrogliaMonocyteMuscleNervousNeurogliaNeuronsNeutrophilNon CiliatedNon KeratinizedOligodendrocytesPlasmaPNSPseudostratifiedRegularReticularSatelliteSchwannSimpleSkeletalSmoothSpongySquamousStratifiedSupportiveTransitional

None of the above

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Identify the missing terms ________ of tissue classification on the following tables. Choose your answer from Histology above43. ________

FibrousDense

ElasticIrregularRegular

LooseAdiposeAreolarReticular

Fluid44. _______

Cells / Formed ElementsErythrocytesLeukocytesBasophilsEosinophilsLymphocytesMacrophagesMonocytes

45. _________ Platelets46. ______ Lymph

SupportiveCartilage

ElasticFibro(ous)

47. _______Bone

48. ________Cancellous / Spongy / Trabecular

49. ________ Pseudostratified Simple50. ________

Ciliated Non-Ciliated

Cuboidal Squamous

Stratified Columnar

51. _________ Squamous

52. __________ Non-Keratinized

TransitionalMuscle

CardiacSkeletal

53. _________54. _________ Neuroglia55. _______

AstrocytesEpendymalMicrogliaOligodendrocyte

PNSSatelliteSchwann

56. ________

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SKELETONBone membership Classification; Mark A for Appendicular OR B for Axial OR C for Accessory to identify the membership of the bone to these classes of the skeletal system.

BONE Appendicular

A

Axial

B

AxialAccessory

C

None of these categories

D

57. Carpals58. Cervical59. Clavicle60. Coccyx61. Costal62. Coxal63. Ethmoid64. Femur65. Frontal66. Hallux67. Humerus68. Hyoid69. Incus70. Patella71. Pollex72. Proximal Digit73. Sphenoid

74. Which function of the skeleton do the rib cage, vertebral column, and skull represent? A. support the body B. protect soft body parts C. produce blood cells D. store minerals and fats E. permit flexible body movement

75. What criterion is used to categorize the skeleton into axial and appendicular? A. whether the bones are weight bearing or not B. whether the bones lie on the midline or on a girdle C. whether the bones are flat or long D. whether the bones contain red bone marrow or yellow bone marrow E. whether the bones articulate with the pelvis or not

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76. A ligament connects A. cartilage to bone. B. muscle to bone. C. bone to bone.

MUSCLES / MOTIONS / RELATIONS

Match the term with it definition muscular -skeletal movement.

Definition TERM CODE

77. Closer to the point of attachment78. Decreases the angle between articulating structures.79. Further from the point of attachment80. Increases the angle between articulating structures in a hinge joint and in the sagittal plane .81. Movement of a bone or appendage away from the midline82. Movement of a bone or appendage toward the midline

AbductionAdduction

ApproximationCircumduction

DistalExtension

FlexionProximalRotation

ABCDEABACADAE

NERVOUS

83. The division between the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system is based on the anatomical differences between cells in the two locations. A. True B. False

84. How are the nervous system and the endocrine system alike? A. They both utilize axons and synapses. B. They both regulate the activities of other systems. C. They both utilize glands. D. They both respond very rapidly to stimuli. E. They both have an very prolonged response to stimuli.

85. Which of the following statements is true concerning the central nervous system? (Mark all that apply)A. The central nervous system is made up of the spinal cord and the brain. B. The brain and spinal cord contain only white matter--myelinated axons that run together in bundles. C. Both the brain and spinal cord are protected by bone. D. Both the brain and spinal cord are protected by meninges.

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E. The spaces around the brain and spinal cord are filled with fluid.

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.86. 88) The right and left cerebral hemispheres are separated from each other by ________. 88) ______A) the brainstemB) many gyriC) the corpus callosumD) many sulciE) the longitudinal fissure

87. 91) In which structure is the arbor vitae found? 91) ______A) DiencephalonB) Reticular formationC) Left cerebral hemisphereD) Tegmentum in the midbrainE) Cerebellum

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SYSTEM A SYSTEM B

Fill in the following classification Table. Match System A or B with the respective functions.Place a check mark in the appropriate column A or B. Mark AB if both and C if not applicable to either system.

Function SYSTEM A SYSTEM B

88. Operates continuously to manage homeostasis89. Operates on stand-by….and for instant change90. Relies on spinal nerves and vertebral ganglia91. Utilizes Cranial Nerves

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CARDIOVASCULARPathway A If you were the lens on a cardio catheter, being utilized to place a shunt in the left coronary artery, and entered the iliac artery, Name the vessels and structures of the heart in the order that you, as the lens would encounter them.Pathway B If you were a white blood cell exiting the spleen via the splenic vein, identify the vessels and structures of the heart, in the order that you, the WBC would encounter them on the journey that would bring you back to the spleen in the most direct route and assuming your journey took you through the Left Lung. Note: Capillaries are assumed.

CODE Vessel and StructureChoices

PathwayA

PATHWAY B

ABCDEABACADAEBCBDBECDCEDEABCABDABEACDACEADEBCDBCEBDECDE

Abdominal AortaAorta Aortic ArchAortic Semi Lunar ValveAscending Proximal AortaIliac ArteryIliac VeinInferior Abdominal Vena CavaInferior Thoracic Vena CavaLeft Atrioventricular Bicuspid ValveLeft AtriumLeft Coronary ArteryLeft Pulmonary ArteryLeft Pulmonary VeinLeft VentriclePulmonary Semi-Lunar ValvePulmonary TrunkRight Atrioventricular Tricuspid ValveRight AtriumRight Coronary ArteryRight Pulmonary ArteryRight Pulmonary VeinRight VentricleSuperior Vena CavaSplenic ArteryThoracic AortaTransverse Aorta

Left Iliac Artery92. __93. __94. __Left Coronary Artery

Splenic Vein95. __96. __97. __98. __99. __100. __101. __102. __103. __104. __105. __Ascending Prox Aorta106. __107. __Abdominal AortaCeliac Plexus108. __Spleen

109. The THREE components of the cardiovascular system are __________. a) the heart, Vena cavae and the aorta b) the heart, the veins and all the arteries c) the heart, blood and the blood vessels d) the blood vessels and the lymphatic system and the heart

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Classify the following blood components by placing a checkmark in each column of attributes for each component. Mark all that apply.

Component Fluid

A

Cell

B

Formed Element

C

Leukocyte

D

Erthrocyte

E

110. Plasma

111. RBC

112. Neutrophil

113. Platelet

DIGESTIOIVE / NUTRITION

114. Which of the following is NOT an accessory organ of digestion?A) Pancreas B) Spleen C) Salivary glands D) Tongue E) Liver

115. Which of following is considered an accessory organ of the digestive system? (Mark all that apply) A. liver B. salivary glands C. small intestines D. pancreas E. gallbladder

116. The process of mechanical digestion does not include (Mark all that apply)A. breakdown of food particles by enzymes. B. physically making food smaller and easier to handle. C. churning of food in the muscular stomach. D. synthesizing new nutrients. E. absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream.

117. Which of the following is a function of the digestive system? (Mark all that apply).A. to ingest food B. to digest food into small nutrients so that the molecules that can pass through membranes C. to absorb nutrient molecules D. to eliminate indigestible remains E. to protect against pathogens

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118. A calorie unit used in food is equal to the amount of energy necessary to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of water ________ degree(s) Celsius.A) 1B) 2C) 10D) 100E) 1,000

119. Which of the following nutrients must be digested in order to be absorbed?A) MineralsB) ProteinsC) VitaminsD) CholesterolE) Water

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

120. The nervous system (Mark all that apply)A) produces rapid and specific responses to environmental stimuli.B) communicates by the release of neurotransmitters.C) continues to produce a response long after neural output ceases.D) communicates primarily through blood vesselsE) communicates via electrical chemistry

121. The endocrine system does not (Mark all that apply)A) releases chemicals into the bloodstream for distribution throughout the body.B) releases hormones that alter the metabolic activities of many different tissues and organs simultaneously.C) produces effects that can last for hours, days, and even longer.D) communicates via electrical chemistryE) evidence dysfunction related to disease and syndromes

122. Generally, the actions of hormones (Mark all that apply)A) tend to be more widespread than actions of the nervous system.B) are longer lasting than actions of the nervous system.C) are slower to react than the nervous system.D) cause changes in the machinery of the cells.E) none of the above

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REPRODUCTIVE

Match the name of the Process with its Anatomical Definition

Process CODE Definition / Function

123. Gametogenesis124. Lactation125. Oogenesis126. Ovulation127. Spermatogenesis

Formation of gameteMaturation of gameteNurture, maintain, support, maturing gameteProduces estrogenProduces testosteroneRelease of mature gameteFormation of milkParturition

Place a check mark in each column for which the organ or structure listed is anatomically associated

Organ / Structure Male ReproA

Feale ReproB

Male UrinaryC

Female UrinaryD

128. Ductus Deferens129. Fimbriae130. Follicle131. Labia132. Myometrium133. Os Cervix134. Prostate135. Urethra

GENETICS / INHERITANCE

136. When you describe a person as having attached ear lobes, you are describing their genotype. A. True B. False

137. When you describe an organism as being heterozygous for the attribute / trait you are describing the phenotype A. True B. False

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138. When a Homozygous dominant parent mates with a homozygous recessive parent, the potential resulting offspring are

A. TrueB. FalseC. All homozygous dominantD. All homozygous recessiveE. All heterozygousAB. None of the above.CD. C and DDE. D and E

139. When the following genotype parent [AaBbCc] mates with this genotype parent [aabbcc], the potential resulting offspring are

Hint

Parent 1 A a

Parent 2 a

a

A. 50% / 25% Homo Dom vs. Homo RecB. 25% / 50% Homo Dom vs. Homo RecC. 25% / 25% Homo Dom vs. Homo RecD. 25% / 25% Hetero vs. HomoE. 50% / 50% Dominant vs. HeteroAB. 50% / 50 % Rec vs Dominant

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Biology 218 – Human Anatomy - RIDDELLnapavalley.edu/people/briddell/Documents/BIO 105/BIO...

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