Biology 11. KINGDOM PLANTAE Vascular Plants Phylum Tracheophyta Non-Vascular Plants...
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Transcript of Biology 11. KINGDOM PLANTAE Vascular Plants Phylum Tracheophyta Non-Vascular Plants...
FernsBiology 11
KINGDOM PLANTAE
Vascular Plants
Phylum Tracheophyta
Non-Vascular Plants
Terrestrial:
Bryophytes
Aquatic:
Algae
Phyla:
Bryophyta
Hepatophyta
Antherocerophyta
Phyla:
Chlorophyta
Rhodophyta
Phaeophyta
Seeds No Seeds
Ferns
Sub Phylum:
Lycophyta (club & spike moss) Sphenophyta (equisitem) Pterophyta (ferns)
Sub Phylum Pterophyta (Ferns)
FernsStill tied to the water
– Reproduction (for sperm to swim)
New Advances?– Sporophyte the dominant stage – Both the gametophyte and sporophyte are
photosynthetic and can live independently.– Vascular system (xylem and phloem): can grow
bigger – Roots, stems, and leaves
Basic Structure of a Fern
• Leafy part of fern is called frond• Sorus: clusters of sporangia
• Rhizome: modified stem• Roots: develop from the rhizome
Adaptations for Survival Without Water
1. Vascular Tissue• Tubes that carry water and
nutrients around plant• 2 types
– Xylem: transport water from roots to rest of the plant
– Phloem: transports sugar from fronds to rest of plant
2. Tracheid Cells– Cells that make up xylem tissue (to be discussed in
more detail later)– Provides structural support so leaves can be held
up to sun for photosynthesis
Adaptations for Survival Without Water
3. Leaves with Waxy cuticle• Waterproof coating to help prevent water loss
(evaporation from leaves)
4. True roots grow from rhizome– Take in water
Reproduction
• Alternation of generations
• Dominant generation: sporophyte
• Water still required for sexual reproduction
• Haploid spore production takes place on the underside of the front
• Spores are produced in sporangium • Clusters of sporangium make up sori (seen as
spots on the bottom of a frond)
• Spores released from sorus carried by wind or water
• Germinate into haploid gametophytes– Green, heart shaped tiny
structure called prothallium
• Antheridia and archegonia found on underside of prothallium and produce sperm and egg
• Sperm swim to egg in archegonia for fertilization to occur
• Zygote develops into sporophyte