Biological ScienceCell

By Ki Po Yi Veronica

Objective

To find out the difference between human cell, plant cell and bacterial cell

To identify the main parts of human cell

To explain the function of parts of human cell

Definition of cell

Cell

Prokaryotic cell

Bacterial cell

Eukaryotic cell

Plant cellHuman cell

Prokaryotic cell Eukaryotic cell

Bacterial cell Human cell Plant cell

Parts of the human cell

Parts of the human cell(1)-Plasma membrane(1)

Structure:

consists are arranged in 2 parallel rows:

-hydrophilic

-hydrophobic

Function:

-Provide a flexible boundary

-contact with other body cells or with foreign cells or substance

-provide receptors for chemicals

-selective permeability

Parts of the human cell(1)-Plasma membrane(2)

Parts of the human cell(2)-Cytoplasm

Structure:

-jelly-like substance

 

Function:

-Provide support, shape, involved the movement of structure

-Hold all the organelles

-Chemical reaction are taken place

-Transportation

Parts of the human cell(3)-Nucleus, nuclear membrane

Structure:

-Large structure in the cell

Nuclear membrane: double membrane

Nucleoli: do not contain a membrane, are composed of protein, DNA, RNA

Function:

-Contain hereditary factor

Parts of the human cell(4)-Centrosome

Structure:

-9 triplet clusters of microtubules arranged in a circular pattern

Function:

-A role in cell reproduction

Parts of the human cell (5)-Ribosome

Structure:

-Compose of a type of RNA:

ribosomal RNA and specific ribosomal protein

-Free ribosome: no attachment to other parts of cell

Function:

-Site of protein synthesis

-Free ribosome

-Other: attach to endoplasmic reticulum

Parts of the human cell(6)-Rough endoplasmic reticulum-Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Structure:

-Double membrane

-Rough ER -Smooth ER

Function

-contribution to mechanical support and distribution of the cytoplasm

-involved in the intracellular exchange of materials with the cytoplasm

-provide a surface area for chemical reactions

-intracellular transportation system

-Rough ER: protein synthesis

-Smooth ER: lipid synthesis

Parts of the human cell(7)-Golgi complex

Structure:

Cisternae: composed of stacks of membrane-bound structure

Function:

-Process, package, deliver protein to various parts of the cell

-associate with lipid secretion

Parts of the human cell(8)-Mitochondria

Structure:

-rod-shape

-double membrane

-outer mitochondrial membrane is smooth

-inner mitochondrial membrane is arranged in a series of fold called cristae

-matrix

Function:

-“power house

-cellular respiration

Parts of the human cell(9)-Lysosome

Structure:

-Formed from Golgi complex and have a single membrane

-contain powerful digestive enzyme capable of breaking down many kinds of molecule

Function:

-Digest the solid material contained in phagocytic vesicles

-extracellular digestion

-Autophagy

Parts of the human cell(10)-Peroxisomes Structure:

-similar in structure to lysosomes, but smaller

Function:

-catalase: break down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen

Parts of the human cell(11)-Vacuole

Structure:

-few small/ no vacuole

Function:

-contain water and dissolved substance, food, enzyme

Reference:

Gerard J Tortora “The cellular level of organization”,Principles of anatomy and Physiology, sixth edition(1990)

www.doabrown.info/page20/AQAAscibic21.htm

http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Nucleolus