Biological pest control in tree crops

International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org

Biological pest control in tree crops

Mites on coconut; Sri Lanka fruit fly on mango and other host fruits

Baits for the control of cucurbit fruit flies

Rachid Hanna


Aceria guerreronis on theunderside of coconut bract

Severely damaged bunch

Undamaged bunch

Classical biological control of the coconut mite


Foreign exploration for the coconut mite and associated natural enemies in America continent


Phytoseiid mites on conconutPhytoseiid mites on conconutVenezuelaVenezuelaPREDATORY MITES

PHYTOSEIIDAE Fr1 Lf1 Fn1

Amblyseius chiapensis - 5 -

Amblyseius largoensis 81 316 2

Amblyseius operculatus - 11 -

Amblyseius sp. - 30 -

Amblyseius tamatavensis - 1 -

Cocoseius sp. - 3 -

Euseius naindaime - 3 -

Iphiseiodes zuluagai - 49 -

Leonseius regularis - 3 -

Metaseiulus (Metaseiulus)ellipticus - 5 -

Neoseiulus baraki 8 - -

Neoseiulus californicus - 1 -

Neoseiulus paspalivorus 209 - 23

Neoseiulus sp. 7 - 1

Prorpioseiopis mexicanus 2 - 1

Typhlodromina subtropica 1 1 -

Typhlodromips aff. mangleae - 1 -

Typhlodromips sp1. 2 1 -

Typhlodromips sp2. - 1 -

Typhloseiopsis funiculatus - 2 -

Typhloseiopsis aff. maryae - 1 -

Typhloseiopsis sp. 1 1 - 1Fr = fruit; Lf = leaflets; Fn = fallen nuts


Introduction and evaluation of Fopius arisanus for the control of

the Sri Lanka fruit fly


Parasitism of B. invadens and five indigenous fruit fly species by F. arisanus

Fruit fly species NParasitized

pupaeProportion parasitized

Bactrocera invadens 22 78.82 ± 8.01 0.67 ± 0.04

Ceratitis capitata 17 28.94 ± 3.57 0.37 ± 0.04

Ceratitis cosyra 24 9.38 ± 2.09 0.18 ± 0.05

Ceratitis rosa 6 0.17 ± 0.17 0.00 ± 0.00

Ceratitis fasciventris 7 0.00 ± 0.00 0.00 ± 0.00

Ceratitis anonae 6 3.50 ± 1.34 0.02 ± 0.01

- Highest parasitism of B. invadens- New association of C. cosyra

Mohammad et al. manusc. In prep


Field evaluations of F. arisanus


B. invadensadded

F. arisanusadded

A B

Days after cage installation

0 3 6 9 12 0 3 6 9 12

Whole tree cages in guava orchards

Orchard A Orchard B


Fopius arisanus introduced into Benin and Togo in 2009


Other evaluations

Open field evaluations in five mango orchards in Benin and two in Togo;

Two citrus orchards in Benin

Similar evaluations on wild hosts: Terminalia and wild apple (Irviginia gabonensis)

> 100,000 parasitoids released

Recovery from all sites

Continuing to follow establishment

Additional releases in 2010

Metarhizium:


Baits for the control of fruit flies in cucurbits


$624

Net gain

$1425

Management of cucurbit fruit flies with bait sprays GF-120


Outlook

Participatory evaluations with farmers

Other crops: e.g., tomato

Other baits: e.g., bait from waste yeasts from local breweries.

Biological pest control in tree crops

Technology

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