Biological Effects of Ionising Radiation. Radio Sensitivity Radio Sensitive Tissues Radio Resistant...
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Transcript of Biological Effects of Ionising Radiation. Radio Sensitivity Radio Sensitive Tissues Radio Resistant...
![Page 1: Biological Effects of Ionising Radiation. Radio Sensitivity Radio Sensitive Tissues Radio Resistant Tissues.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081700/5697bff01a28abf838cbaca7/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Biological Effects of Ionising Radiation
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Radio Sensitivity
• Radio Sensitive Tissues
• Radio Resistant Tissues
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Radio Sensitive Tissues
• Reproductive cells of the ovary and the Testis
• Blood forming Tissues in bone marrow, spleen, lymph nodes
• Epithelium of the Skin
• Epithelium of the Intestinal Tract
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Radio Resistant Tissues
• Bone
• Liver
• Kidney
• Muscle
• Nerves
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Effects of Radiation
• Primary Effects occur when the initial interaction is with atoms in cells like those in DNA molecules.
• Secondary Effects occur with the formation of free radicals which are very reactive and can chemically attack molecules such as DNA.
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Radiation Effects
• Stochastic Effects
• Non-Stochastic Effects
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Stochastic Effects
• The probability of the effect increases with the dose.
• No established threshold.
• Examples: Cancer, Genetic Mutations
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Non-Stochastic Effects(Deterministic)
• The severity of the effect increases with the dose.
• Generally a threshold exists. Below the threshold, no effects occur.
• Effects often result from the collective injury of many cells.
• Examples: Cataracts, Skin Burns, Lowering of Blood Cell Counts
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Effects of Acute Radiation Exposure
• On the Blood
• On Digestion
• On the Central Nervous System
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On the Blood
• Dose level between 200 and 1000 rad
• Damages red blood cell forming organs - loss of breath, tiredness
• Affects white blood cell production - reduced ability to fight infection
• Lowered platelet count - hemorrhaging and slower healing process
• Death by infection and hemorrhaging
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On Digestion
• Dose level between 1000 and 5000 rad
• Stops new epithelial cells and absorption
• Nausea and vomiting
• Dehydration from diarrhea and low water absorption
• Electrolyte imbalance
• Death by Circulatory collapse from loss of fluids
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Central Nervous System
• Dose Level greater than 5000 rad
• Convulsions
• Tremors
• Lethargy
• Death by respiratory/brain failure