Biological Diversity

1. Algae

2. Archegoniate

3. Spermatophyta

Characteristics of Algae

1.Eukaryotes 2.Most unicellular, but some multicellular 3.Autotrophic4.Produce oxygen that is returned to the

atmosphere 5.Range in size from microscopic to hundreds of

feet in length 6.Do not have true roots, stems, nor leaves 7.Form gametes (eggs & sperm) 8.Found in freshwater, marine, and moist soil

habitats 9.Most have flagella

PhylumStructure of

ThallusPigments

Food Storage 

Cell Wall composition

Chlorophyta(Green Algae)

UnicellularColonial

FilamentousMulticellular

 

Chlorophyll a & b Carotenoids

StarchMainly Cellulose

Phaeophyta(Brown Algae)

Multicellular

Chlorophyll a & c Carotenoids Fucoxanthin

Peridinin

Laminarin  Cellulose

Algin

Rhodophyta(Red Algae)

MulticellularChlorophyll a & d

Phycobilins Carotenoid

StarchCelluloseCaCO3

Bacillariophyta(Diatoms) Unicellular

Some Colonial

Chlorophyll a & c Carotenoids Xanthophyll

Starch PectinSiO2

PhylumStructure of

ThallusPigments

Food Storage 

Cell Wall composition

Dinoflagellata(Dinoflagellates)

UnicellularChlorophyll a & c

CarotenoidsStarchCellulose

Chrysophyta(Golden Algae) Unicellular

Some Colonial

Chlorophyll a & cXanthophyll Carotenoids

Laminarin Cellulose

Euglenophyta(Euglenoids)

UnicellularChlorophyll a & b

Carotenoids Xanthophyll

ParamylonNo Cell Wall 

Pellicle

Different shapes of algae

Different shapes of algae

Different shapes of algae

Chlorophyta : Chlamydomonas

Life Cycle of Chlamydomonas

Life Cycle of Chlamydomonas

Phaeophyta

Fucus

Rhodophyta

Gelidium

Bacillariophyta (Diatoms)

Centric diatoms : Cyclotella

Pennate diatoms : Navicula

Dinoflagellata:(Dinoflagellates

Chrysophyceae

Mallomonas

Euglenophyta

Euglena

Archegoniate

Archegonium : The female organ

Antheridium : The male organ

Typical alternation of generations life cycle

Typical alternation of generations life cycle

Bryophytes

1.Bryophytes are small, nonvascular plants.

2.Bryophytes lack vascular tissue and have life cycles dominated by the gametophyte phase.

3.Roots are absent in bryophytes, instead there are root-like structures known as rhizoids.

Moss Life cycle

Pteridophytes

Pteridophytes are vascular plants have specialized transporting cells xylem (for transporting water and mineral nutrients) and phloem (for transporting sugars from leaves to the rest of the plant).

Pteridophytes are larger and more complex than bryophytes, and have a life cycle where the sporophyte is more prominent than the gametophyte.

Vascular tissues development

Fern Life cycle

Spermatophyta

The Seed Plants

Alternation of Generations

Seed producing plants can be divided into two groups

• Gymnosperms - produce seeds but the seeds are not contained inside any structure. These plants have cones.

• Angiosperms - the seeds are produced inside and “ovary” which becomes the fruit. These plants have flowers.

Development of A Gymnosperm seed

Development of A Gymnosperm seed

Flowering Plant Reproduction

Flower Structure

Seed Structure