Biological control of the millet head miner in Niger and Senegal
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Biological control of the millet head miner in Niger and Senegal Malick Ba, PI, ICRISAT Ibrahima Sarr, Co-PI, ISRA Ibrahim Baoua, Co-PI, University of Maradi, Niger Muniappan Rangaswamy, Co-PI, Virginia Tech George Norton Collaborator, Virginia Tech Laouali Amadou, INRAN SMIL incepHon meeHng, Saly-Senegal, April 23-25
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Transcript of Biological control of the millet head miner in Niger and Senegal
BiologicalcontrolofthemilletheadminerinNigerandSenegalMalickBa,PI,ICRISATIbrahimaSarr,Co-PI,ISRAIbrahimBaoua,Co-PI,UniversityofMaradi,NigerMuniappanRangaswamy,Co-PI,VirginiaTechGeorgeNortonCollaborator,VirginiaTechLaoualiAmadou,INRANSMILincepHonmeeHng,Saly-Senegal,April23-25
ThePearlMillet• IntheSahelianregionofWestAfrica,pearlmillet,isamajorcerealfoodcrop.
• InaddiHontotheextremeclimaHccondiHons,themilletcropsuffersfrommanyconstraints,includinginsectpests.
• Themilletheadminer(MHM),Heliocheilusalbipunctella(deJoannis)(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae),isoneofthekeyinsectpestofPMintheSahelregion.
Themilletheadminer• Damagetothecropisduetolarvaethatfeedonthepanicle
• Asthelarvaechewbetweentherachisandflowers,theyliXthedestroyedflowersordevelopinggrains,leavingacharacterisHcspiralpaYern
• Typicalyieldlossesrangefrom40to85%
MHMbiologicalcycle
Whybiologicalcontrol?• ControlwithinsecHcidesisnotrealisHcforsubsistencefarmersbecauseofprohibiHvecostandrisktohealthandtheenvironment.
• Furthermore,aYemptstodevelopinsectresistancevarieHestotheMHMhavethusfarbeenunsuccessful.
• Culturalmanagementhaslimitedapplicability
• EffecHvebiocontrolagentsareavailable
Whybiologicalcontrol?
• AvailabilityofeffecHvebiocontrolagent
• ThebraconidaeparasitoidwaspHabrobracon(=Bracon)hebetorSaynaturallyinflictedsignificantmortalitytoMHM.
• Hhebetorcanbeeasilymassreared
Howaugmenta=vereleasesaremade?
• Theparasitoidswerereleasedin15cm×25cmjutebags(+200gofmilletgrains+100gofmilletflour+25larvaeofthericemothCorcyracephalonica(Stainton)+twomatedH.hebetorfemales).
• ThejutebagsweresuspendedtotheceilingoftradiHonalstrawgranaries.
• Parasitoidoffspring’swasabletoescapethroughthejutemeshesandstrawgranariesanddispersedtoparasiHzeMHMlarvaeinmilletfields.
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Daily H. hebetor adults emerging from the jute bags
Total:70parasitoidsEmerging=me:8days
Howeffec=veitis?
Howeffec=veitis?
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BurkinaFaso Mali Niger
%parasi=zedlarvae
H.hebetorreleasesvillages Control(noreleases)
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BurkinaFaso Mali Niger
%parasi=zedlarvae
H.hebetorreleasesvillages Control(noreleases)
Completelydamagedpanicles Savedpanicles
Upto30%grainyieldgain(Baouaetal.2013
Howeffec=veitis?
Whyanotherproject?• Therehavebeensomefailuresofthistechnology,becauseforunknownreasonssomebagsdonotproduceparasitoids.
• Moreover,inmanycasestheemergingoffspringwasmalebiasedwhichreducescontrolbecauseonlyfemalesparasiHzeMHMlarvae.
• Parasitoidsonlytargetlateinstarslarvae,controlofeggscouldenhancedtheBCP
Whyanotherproject?• FinallyHmelyreleaseofH.hebetorparasitoidsischallenging
• Releasesofparasitoidsareneededeverygrowingseason.
• Highdemandforparasitoidthatresearchlaboratoriescouldnotmeet
Overallobjec=ve:significantlyreduceinsectpestdamagetomilletforimprovementofcropproducHvity.
SpecificObjec=ves
• OpHmizedH.hebetorrearingtechniqueforenhancementofnumbersandlongevityofemergingH.hebetorparasitoids
• OpHmizedH.hebetorreleasetechniquesforbeYercontrolofMHM
• Iden=fy/testeggparasitoidsforenhancementoftheBCP
§ AssesstheeconomicfeasibilityofestablishingacoYageindustryforparasitoidproducHon
(tomakeparasitoidsavailableeveryyear)
Objec=ve1:Op=miza=onofH.hebetorrearingtechniques
• Ac=vi=es– EvaluateperformanceofH.hebetorwhenrearedonC.cephalonicafeedingondifferenttypesofmedium
– IdenHfyC.cephalonicaopHmallarvaestageforH.hebetorparasiHsm
– DeterminebestH.hebetor/C.cephalonicaraHoforthegreatestnumberofparasitoidoffspring
– AssesssuperparasiHsmofH.hebetor
Objec=ve2:Op=miza=onofH.hebetorreleasetechniques
• Ac=vi=es– TestdirectreleaseofH.hebetoradultsusingdifferentnumbersofparasitoidsperareaofpearlmillet
– DeterminebeYermilletgrowingstage(panicleexerHon,flowering)forreleasesofH.hebetor
– DeterminebeYerHmeforreleaseofH.hebetoraXerfirstappearanceofMHMmoths/eggs.
Objec=ve3:Assesseffec=venessofeggparasitoidsforcontrollingMHM
• Ac=vi=es– AssessseasonaloccurrenceofMHMeggparasitoidsinSenegalandNiger
– Constructlifetableandassessdemographicparametersofeggparasitoids
– Assessinterspecific/intraspecificcompeHHonamongtheeggparasitoidspecies
– Developmassrearingtechniqueforeggparasitoids
Objec=ve4:AssessingtheeconomicfeasibilityofestablishingparasitoidcoYageindustry
• Ac=vi=es
– Conductbaselinesurveytocharacterizedpearlmilletgrowers
– Conductex-antestudiestoassessthekindofbusinessmodeltobedevelop(individualenterprise,cooperaHve…)
– Assessthecost/benefitsofmassrearingandreleasesofH.hebetor
TOC:Causalpathwayfromac=vi=estoimpactsAc=vi=es Intermediateoutputs Finaloutputs Impacts
TesteffecHvenessofMHMeggparasitoids
Lifetablesanddemographicparametersofparasitoidsassessed
Approachesforreleaseofeggparasitoidstested1Ph.D.studentcompleted
KnowledgeobtainedofopHmalapproachtoreleaseparasitoids
OpHmizeH.hebetorrearingandreleasetechniques
-LearneffectsofC.cephalonicarearingmediumonH.hebetordevelopment-BeYerHmingforreleasesofH.hebetorassessed
ProtocolforopHmalH.hebetorrearingandrelease;1Ph.D.studentcompleted
KnowledgeofopHmalHmingofreleases,numberofparasitoidstoreleaseperha
AssesseconomicfeasibilityofH.hebetorindustry
IniHalbaselinesurvey-economicbenefitsoftheparasitoidreleases.
DesignofthecoYageindustryforparasitoidrelease;1MSstudentcompleted
-ReducedlossesduetoMHM;higherincomesforfarmersandthoseproducingparasitoids;
Thank you!
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