BIOL 232 - Additional Abbreviated Slides Useful for Exam #2 Please note: These slides have NOTES...
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Transcript of BIOL 232 - Additional Abbreviated Slides Useful for Exam #2 Please note: These slides have NOTES...
BIOL 232 - Additional Abbreviated Slides Useful for Exam #2
Please note:
These slides have NOTES ATTACHED TO THEM that will help you to know and understand specifics in understanding each given topic on the slide shown. The notes are embedded within this PowerPoint file. If you do not know how to access them, look below this slide to the large grey line and move your cursor over this line until you can click on it and move the line upwards. This will reveal the notes for each slide.
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Figure 7.38 Different growth rates of body parts determine body proportions.
Sir John Charnley – doctor who pioneered the use of artificial
joints in the early 1960s.
Fibrous Joints – joints that are created via fibrous connective tissues that are going to allow virtually no movement.
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 8.1a Fibrous joints.
Densefibrousconnectivetissue
Sutureline
(a) Suture
Joint held together with very short,interconnecting fibers, and bone edges
interlock. Found only in the skull.
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Figure 8.1b Fibrous joints.
Fibula
Tibia
Ligament
(b) Syndesmosis
Joint held together by a ligament.Fibrous tissue can vary in length, but
is longer than in sutures.
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Figure 8.1c Fibrous joints.
Root oftooth
Socket ofalveolarprocess
Periodontalligament
(c) Gomphosis
“Peg in socket” fibrous joint. Periodontalligament holds tooth in socket.
Braces & Retainers….. Associated With Gomphosis Joints
Cartilaginous Joints – joints that are created via cartilage these joints allow a small amount of movement.
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Figure 8.2a Cartilaginous joints.
Epiphysealplate (temporaryhyaline cartilagejoint)
Sternum(manubrium)
Joint betweenfirst rib andsternum(immovable)
(a) SynchondrosesBones united by hyaline cartilage
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Figure 8.2b Cartilaginous joints.
Fibrocartilaginousintervertebraldisc
Pubic symphysis
Body of vertebra
Hyaline cartilage
(b) SymphysesBones united by fibrocartilage
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Figure 8.3 General structure of a synovial joint.
Periosteum
Ligament
FibrouscapsuleSynovialmembrane
Joint cavity(containssynovial fluid)
Articular (hyaline)cartilage
Articularcapsule
Figure 8.3
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Figure 8.4 Bursae and tendon sheaths.
Acromionof scapula
Joint cavitycontainingsynovial fluid
Synovialmembrane
Fibrouscapsule
Humerus
Hyalinecartilage
Coracoacromialligament
Subacromialbursa
Fibrousarticular capsule
Tendonsheath
Tendon oflong headof bicepsbrachii muscle
(a) Frontal section through the right shoulder joint
Coracoacromialligament
Subacromialbursa
Cavity inbursa containingsynovial fluid
Bursa rollsand lessensfriction.
Humerus headrolls medially asarm abducts.
(b) Enlargement of (a), showing how a bursa eliminates friction where a ligament (or other structure) would rub against a bone
Humerus resting
Humerus moving
Figure 8.7a–c
Figure 8.7d
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Figure 8.13a The temporomandibular (jaw) joint.
Zygomatic process
Mandibular fossaArticular tubercle
Infratemporal fossa
Externalacousticmeatus
ArticularcapsuleRamus ofmandible
Lateralligament
(a) Location of the joint in the skull
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 8.13c The temporomandibular (jaw) joint.
(c) Lateral excursion: lateral (side-to-side) movements of the mandible
Outline ofthe mandibularfossa
Superior view
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Figure 8.15 X ray of a hand deformed by rheumatoid arthritis.
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Figure 7.15 Paranasal sinuses.
Frontalsinus
Ethmoidalair cells(sinus)
Maxillarysinus
Sphenoidsinus
Frontalsinus
Ethmoidalair cells
Maxillarysinus
Sphenoidsinus
(a) Anterior aspect (b) Medial aspect
Typical Male
Typical Female
Averages based upon similar weight and height.
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Table 7.4 Comparison of the Male and Female Pelves (1 of 3)