BIOL 2230Lecture 8

March 21, 2011

Ch. 14: Infection, Infectious Diseases, and Epidemiology continued

Ch. 15: Innate Immunity

Cholera deaths in London, 1854

Figure 14.19

Question

A nosocomial disease is a disease acquired A) in a health care facility.B) by eating contaminated food.C) by using a contaminated needle.D) by being bitten by an infected insect.

Pathogen

1st line of defense

Skin

Figure 15.1

Lacrimal apparatus

Figure 15.3

Question

Which of the following characteristics is shared by the skin and mucous membranes?A) They are both constantly shedding and replacing cells.B) They both have cilia.C) The outer layers are composed of dead cells.D) Lysozymes are always present.

Question

Which of the following is NOT considered part of the body's nonspecific lines of defense against disease?A) antibodies B) mucous membranesC) intact skinD) phagocytic cells

Question

Microbial antagonism refers toA) the presence of pathogens on the surface of the skin, which

will invade the body through abrasions.B) the presence of normal microbiota that protect the body by

competing with pathogens in a variety of ways to prevent pathogens from invading the body.

C) the presence of normal microbiota that can become pathogens under certain conditions.

D) the ability of microbiota to mutate into pathogens.

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Pathogen

2nd line of defense

Hematopoeisis

Figure 15.4

Stained blood smears

Figure 15.5a

Diapedesis

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Stained blood smears

Figure 15.5a

Phagocytosis

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Stained blood smears

Figure 15.5a

Stained blood smears

Figure 15.5b

Question

Which of the following cells increase in number during a helminth infection?A) basophilsB) macrophagesC) neutrophilsD) eosinophils

Phagocytosis

Figure 15.6

Type 1 Interferons

Figure 15.7

QuestionAlpha and beta interferons

A) help protect virus-infected cells from the effects of the pathogen.B) protect the cells that secrete them from being invaded by a virus.C) are produced by infected fibroblasts and macrophages.D) produce active antiviral proteins (AVPs) that coat the surface of healthy cells and prevent the attachment of pathogenic viruses.

Complement Pathways

Figure 15.8

Question

Which of the following statements concerning the alternative complement system is true?

A) It is more efficient than the classical pathway.B) It works best on Gram-positive bacteria.C) Its activation is independent of antibodies.D) It is not useful in the early stages of fungal infection.

Question

MACs are

A) the end result for the classical complement system only.B) the end result for the alternative complement system only.C) the initial trigger for the classical complement system only.D) the end result of both the classical and alternative

complement systems.

Dilation

Figure 15.12

Increased Vascular Permeability

Figure 15.13

Overview of Inflammation

Figure 15.14

Possible explanation of fever production

Figure 15.15

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Adaptive immune cells

Pathogen

Lymphocyte

Figure 16.1

Lymphatic System

Figure 16.2b

Lymphatic System

Figure 16.2c

Lymphatic System

Figure 16.2a

Epitope

Figure 16.3a

Types of Antigens

Figure 16.3b-d