BIOL 218 F 2012 MTX 4 QA NS 121121.1.docx 218 F... · Web viewBiology 218 – Human Anatomy MTX4 NS...

Biology 218 – Human Anatomy

MTX 4 NS

Session:Section:

Days / Time: Instructor:

Fall 201252999MW 5:00 PM – 9:20 PMRIDDELL

Nervous System 1. Functions of the nervous system include which of the following?A) controlling and adjusting the activities of the other systemsB) receiving input from the sensesC) stimulating muscles and glands to contractD) integrating and processing dataE) All of the answers are correct.

2. The central nervous system (CNS) includes theA) brain.B) spinal cord.C) nerves.D) brain and spinal cord.E) nerves and muscles.

3. The anatomical subdivisions of the nervous system are (the)A) central and peripheral nervous systems.B) dorsal and ventral nervous systems.C) appendicular and axial nervous systems.D) autonomic and somatic nervous systems.E) None of the answers are correct.

4. Subdivisions of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) includeA) the somatic nervous system.B) the autonomic nervous system.C) the special sensory receptors.D) the visceral sensory receptors.E) All of the answers are correct.

5. Functions of the peripheral nervous system includeA) providing sensory information to the CNS only.B) making higher order decisions to interpret sensory inputs.C) carrying motor commands to the peripheral tissues and systems only.D) carrying information up and down the spinal cord.E) providing sensory information to the CNS and carrying motor commands to the peripheral tissues and systems.

6. Receptors may be classified asA) effectors and muscles.B) somatic and visceral.C) glands and muscles.D) voluntary and involuntary.E) subconscious and conscious.

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7. Which of the following is the most common type of neurons in the central nervous system, and is exemplified by all the motor neurons that control skeletal muscle? A. anaxonic neurons B. multipolar neurons C. pseudounipolar neurons D. bipolar neurons 8. Histologically, neural tissue dominated by myelinated axons is defined as _______________. A. white matter B. neuroglia C. neural cortex D. gray matter 9. The complex of statoconia (densely packed calcium carbonate crystals) and gelatinous matrix in the inner ear is called a/an _______________. A. auricle B. endolymphatic duct C. ossicle D. endolymphatic sac E. otolith

10. Which of the following is considered a "special" sense? A proprioception B exteroception C interoception 11. A synapse between neurons may involve a synaptic terminal and which of the following structures? A. a dendrite B. an axon C. a cell body D. all of the above 12. Which of the following divisions carries motor commands to muscles and glands? A. the efferent division of the peripheral nervous system B. the afferent division of the peripheral nervous system C. the afferent division of the central nervous system D. the efferent division of the central nervous system 13. The parasympathetic division of the ANS _______________. A. has preganglionic fibers that release ACh, stimulating ganglionic neurons B. predominates under resting conditions C. consists of preganglionic fibers originating in either the brain stem or the sacral spinal cord D. all of the above

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Match the type of receptor to its functional classification.SENSE Receptor Class / Mechanism of Action14. Touch C15. Pain D16. Equilibrium AB17. Audition C18. Gustation A19. Vision E20. Creative Thought B

A. ChemicalB. Cognitive / PerceptiveC. Mechainical / Baro D. Nociceptive E. Photoceptive AB. Proprioceptive

Fill in the missing meninges and associated spaces going from superficial to deep. See COLUMN XI for choices. The most superficial layers and the deepest layer are already included in the following list. BrainScalp InteguementEpicranial aponeurosisPeriosteumCranium / skull21. ___ Name this meninx / membrane dura AC 22. ____Name this meninx / membrane arachnoid A23. ____Name this fluid filled space sub arach ACD24. ____Name this meninx / membrane pia CECerebral cortex

Classify the types of matter based on their anatomical relationship. Mark A for White and B for GrayLocation Cortex / Periphery Medulla / CenterCerebrum 25. __Cerebellum 26. __Spinal Cord 27. __ 28. __

Neuron Type and Function Fill In the following Table of ClassificationClassification of the Major Divisions and Responsibilities of the Nervous System See COLUMN XII for choicesCell Responsibility (Mark all that apply) Division Location 29. _____Schwan CE Myelination of Axons 30. PNS BEEpendymal 31. CSF Production AB CNSOligodendrocyte Myelination of Axons 32. CNS E33. `__Astrocyte D 34. Structure and Blood Barrier

Protection, Nutrient and Neurotransmitter regulation ABC

CNS

35. ___Microglia AD Phagocytosis CNS36. ___Satellite CD Structure, Blood Barrier Protection,

Nutrient Neurotransmitter regulationPNS

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Major or Vertebral Plexi See Column of choices on this page37. This is an Illustration of the ___________ perspective ANTERIOR B38. Name the complex of nerves just superior to this one in the illustration CERVICAL E39. Name this complex of nerves as illustrated BRACHIAL C40. Name this region of branches % (travel a short distance before branching”) TRUNKS BCE41. If the information in this illustration is motor, which direction is it headed? EFFERENT BC42. Name these structures + CORDS AC

Illustration of Nerve Architecture Note region of vertebrae($ indicates the region termed ventral roots)

CODE CHOICES

ABCDE

ABACADAEBCBDBECDCEDE

ABCABDABEACDACEADEBCEBDE

AfferentAnteriorBrachial PlexusCeliac PlexusCervical PlexusCervical VertebraeCordsCranial NervesDivisionsEfferentLeftLumbar PlexusMotorNervesPeripheral NervesPosteriorRami CommunicantesRightRootsSensoryThoracic NervesTrunksVertebrae

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Schematic Diagram of Nervous System Functional OrganizationFill in the missing labels. Use Column XXII for choices

43. Name this division # AB CNS44. Name this receptor $ ABE VISCERAL

45. Name this division % ABD SYMPATH46. Name this division ? ABC SOMATIC

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CNS Structure and Function. Fill in the following table. Note DIFFERENT COLUMNS for choices.

Major Anatomical Structure / RegionANSWER from Column XI

Minor / Sub Structure RegionColumn XI

FunctionANSWERfrom Column XIV

Cerebrum Contains Gray and White Matter of the Brain, Cortex, Tracts and Ganglia 47. Cerebral Cortex E

48. ____Synthesizes thought and memory and desire, conscience and consciousness DEPerforms higher level analytical functions, voluntary movement, sensory interpretation, association and integrationDetermines “personality”

Cerebral Tracts AB Association, Commissural and Projection nerve pathways

Diencephalon Contains all Thalamic structuresEpithalamus BC Secretes melatonin that controls our daily rhythms and is responsible for sleep

cycle Contains Pineal Gland

49. ____Thalamus BDE

Processes, integrates and may determine both Emotion and Memory Receive(s) all sensory input except smellRelays all sensory input from brain stem to cerebral cortex

Subthalamus Superior extensions of the Substantia nigra and Red nucleus50. ____Hypothalamus BE

Maintain homeostasis and is responsible for regulating hunger, sleep, thirst, body temperature and water balance Controls pituitary gland with hormones and neurotransmitters

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CNS Structure and Function continued


Minor / Sub Structure RegionColumn XI


Cerebellum Coordinates body movements, posture, fine motor control and proprioceptionRegulates posture, balance and interprets intended movement with actual movement

51. ____Brain Stem C Contains the midbrain, Pons, medulla oblongata and RASMidbrain / Mesencephalon

AV data processing, alertness lower consciousnessRegulates alertness, RAS associationRelay station between the cerebrum and spinal cord and / or cerebellum; reflex center

52. ___Pons ABD

Transmits Sensory information to cerebellum and thalamus Coordinates information bilaterally within cerebellum and between medulla oblongata and midbrain and regulates breathing

53. ______Medulla Oblongata CD

Relays sensory and motor input from spinal cord to brain, right side to left side and vice versa crossover of many spinal nervesRegulates consciousness, heart rate, coughing breathing and sneezing and digestion homeostasis Cross-over relay of sensory information to thalamus, brain stem, ANS

Cranial Nerve Brain and Brain Stem

12 Pairs of nerves that carry Sensory and Motor information directly to regions within the brain

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CNS Structure and Function continued


Minor / Sub Structure RegionColumn XIII


54. ____Spinal Cord ACD Connects SNS and CNS to all levels of the BrainProtected by the vertebral columnProtected by spinal meninges

White Matter / Myelinated Ascending and Descending Tracts

Bundles SENSORY information and transports to higher centers55. Bundles MOTOR information and transports to lower centers and effectors B

Gray Matter, densely nucleated

Synapse and collateral transmission for SENSORY information to ascending tracts and reflex arcs

Spinal Nerve Contains and bundles of Peripheral nervesCarries Motor and Sensory information to and from the Vertebral CNS

Dorsal Root Carries Sensory nerve impulses from receptorsCarries afferent nerve impulses

Dorsal Root Ganglion

Contains Cell bodies of SENSORY nerve fibers

Ventral Root Carries Motor nerve impulses to effector targets56. ____Carries efferent nerve impulses D

57. Peripheral Nerve DE Transmits SNS and ANS information between the somatic and visceral receptor and to and from the CNS

Sensory Receptor 58. Responds to Determined stimulus CE Motor Effector Muscles, Smooth, Cardiac and skeletal, Glands

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Session:Section:


Fall 201252999M W 5:00 PM – 9:20 PMRIDDELL

Complete the following Table of Cranial Nerves. Select choices from the INDICATED COLUMNS. Hint: What is the rational for this classification?

NerveColumn XVI

ROM. Num.Column XVI

Region (s) of Innervations / Principal FunctionColumn XVII

PrimarySensory / Motor / BothColumn XVI

Vestibulocochlear 59. V111 ADE Vestibule Semicircular canals and cochlea / equilibrium and hearing Special Sensory

Vagus 60. X BCD 61. Head, neck, throat, thorax, viscera, heart, GI, gallbladder, intestines / proprioception autonomic NS E

Mixed

62. Trochlear BC 1V Eye and Midbrain / eye movement and proprioception MotorTrigeminal V 63. Eye, nose, scalp / pain, pressure, touch, eyelid, teeth, lip,

pain, pressure, touch, and mouth, tongue, head, mucosa, / pain, pressure, touch D

64. Mixed ABCD

Optic 11 65. ____Retina / vision Special SensoryOlfactory 1 66. ____Olfactory bulbs / smell AB Special SensoryOculomotor 111 67. ____Eye / eye movement A Motor

Hypoglossal 68. X11 BDE Tongue, medulla / swallowing, speech Motor ABCE69. Glosso-pharyngeal D

1X Tongue, neck, carotids, parotids / taste, swallowing, baroception, chemception / salivation BE

Mixed

Facial 70. ___V11 ACE

Tongue, face scalp, neck / taste, propioception, movement, lacrimation, salivation

Mixed

Accessory X1 Pharynx, larynx, palate / swallowing, proprioception, head and neck movement

71. Motor ABCE

Abducens V1 Eye and pons / eye movement and proprioception Motor

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Autonomic Nervous SystemSYSTEM A SYSTEM B

Fill in the following classification Table. Match System A or B with the respective functions.Place a check mark in the appropriate column A or B. Mark AB if both and C if not applicable to either system.Function SYSTEM A SYSTEM B72. Stimulates pancreas to release insulin PB73. Operates continuously to mange homeostasis PB74. Vertebral ganglia SA75. Terminal Ganglia PB76. Operates in acute response situations SA

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General Anatomy Match the English term with its Greek and / or Latin root, prefix or suffix

TERM Greek / Latin DerivationRoot, Prefix and / or Suffix

CODE

77. Bundle BE78. Ear ABCD79. Eye BCE80. Pain BCD81. Tongue CD82. Vision BDE83. Weight / pressure A

BaroBrachiBrevisCerebroCoelContraCraniDysEndoEctoEpiFasiculGlossoInfraInterIntraIpsiIsoLemmaMamilMorphoNoceOculusOptosOsOtoPeriRetroTherm

ABCDEABACAD AEBCBDBECDCEDEABCABDABEACDACEADEBCDBCEBDECDEABCDABCEABDEACDE

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84. A first-order neuron isA) the first neuron in any pathway.B) a neuron that extends down the spinal cord.C) the sensory neuron that brings information from the receptor to the CNS.D) one that projects the motor homunculus to the parietal lobe of the cerebellum.E) None of the answers are correct.Answer: CSection Title: Sensory and Motor TractsLearning Outcome: 15.1Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

85. A neuron that ascends the spinal cord or brain stem and usually ends in the thalamus is a(n)A) upper motor neuron.B) lower motor neuron.C) first-order neuron.D) second-order neuron.E) third-order neuron.

86. Neurons extending from the thalamus, through the internal capsule, and to the somatosensory cortex areA) pyramidal cells.B) first-order neurons.C) second-order neurons.D) third-order neurons.E) None of the answers are correct.

87. The information the body receives from a receptor detecting a stimulus and recognize a change is called aA) perception.B) feedback.C) a preprogrammed response.D) thinking.E) sensation.

88. The spinothalamic tract isA) descending.B) motor.C) ascending.D) efferent.E) transverse.

89. Motor neurons exit the spinal cord through theA) posterior gray horn.B) anterior gray horn.C) midbrain and hypothalamus.D) ventral root.E) dorsal root.

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90. Conscious thought processes and all intellectual functions originate in (the)A) cerebral hemispheres.B) cerebellum.C) medulla oblongata.D) corpus callosum.E) None of the answers are correct.

91. Which organ contains 95 percent of the neural tissue in the body?A) spinal cordB) nervesC) thalamusD) brainE) None of the answers are correct.

Match the name of the fibers and tracts with their corresponding connection responsibility

Tracts / Fibers CODE ConnectionAssociation Arcuate 92. Commissural ELongitudinal 93. Projection B

ABCDE

Cortex to Cortex in same hemisphereCortex to lower portions of CNSFrontal lobe with other lobes Gyri in the same lobeLobe to Lobe in opposite hemispheres

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Vocabulary Match the numbered term wits it most specific definitionTERM CODE DefinitionANS94. Axon ABDCerebellar CortexCerebral CortexCNS95. Column AE96. Dendrite ACEGangliaGray Matter97. Motor Neuron EMyelinNerveNeural CortexNeuroglia98. Neuron BCNucleusPathwayPNSSesory NeuronSomaTract White Matter

ABCDE

ABACADAEBCBDBECDCEDE

ABCABDABEACDACEADE

Anatomically distinct collection of cell bodiesBody of the cell hosting the majority of the organellesBrain and spinal cordBundle of axonsSpecialized / dedicated neurons that carry action potentials to effectorsCarry action potentials to the CNSCNS center with discrete regionsElements of the CNS and PNS that manage homeostasisAscending and descending bundle / group of tractsHighly specialized cellS capable of carrying action potentials, electric voltage, throughout the CNS and PNSLipid filled multi-layerd membranous covering of axons Neural tissue dense with cell bodiesNeural tissue dense with cell bodies located in the periphery of the cerebellumNeural tissue dense with cell bodies located in the periphery of the cerebrumNeural tissue dense with myelinated axonsNeurons that link the organs, glands and structure with the CNSPlasma membrane covered cytoplasmic projection of a neuron carrying action potentials to a target neuronSpecific group of nerves and nuclei linking dedicated sensors, targets and regions of the CNSSupporting cells to the axons that protect and regulate neuronsSynaptic cytoplasmic extensions of the soma collecting / sensing information from neighboring neuronsAscending and descending bundle of axons with related / associated functions

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Match the terms with their associations / attributes. Mark all that apply

Term A Afferent

BAscending

CVentral Root

DDescending

EEfferent

DEDorsal Root

Motor99.

C D E

Sensory100.

A B DE

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THIS PAGE PURPOSELY REMAINS BLANK –

USE for QUESTIONS, PROTESTS, PROPOSALS, TPYOGRAPHICAL ERRRORRS, SPLELLING CORRECTOINS, BACKWARD SNOITAZITEBAHPLA, NOTES, DRAWINGS, DIAGRAMS, DOODLES, CHRISTMAS LISTS, speaking of Christmas, A LETTER TO SANTA……THAT WOULD BE GREAT DISTRACTION FROM TAKING THIS STOOPID TEST……

or A DRAFT eMail to your BFWB

………about how you are kinda sure that you are never ever ever ever going to be a Nurse, let alone an MD and now you will probably have to settle for orderly or bank clerk or waitress but you are only monolingual and even those jobs require you to speak at least two languages and you have trouble writing a simple 5 paragraph essay in English let alone any other language and you don’t even know how to do a spreadsheet yet and even the Jamba Juice clerks can use spreadsheets and by the way BFWB, you better get a good job if you wanna keep your benefits, if you know what I mean, and you better …..yada yada yada……………………and…….and…….and …I….I....I…think……..think………think……that I….I I’m I’m gonna to fail this test………………Boo… Hoo…….Hooo………. Hooooo………… Hoooooooooooooooooooooooo……..

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ANSWER CHOICE CODES

CODE X ANS CODE XI Brain AnatomyABCDE

ABACAD AEBCBDBECDCEDE

ABCABDABEACDACEADEBCDBCEBDECDE

ABCDABCEACDEBCDE

ABCDE

AcetylcholineAdrenalineATPCervicalCranial SacralDopamineEntericExtrinsicLumbar SacralNoNor-epinephrineParasympathetic Post-GanglionParasympathetic Pre-Ganglion SomeSympathetic Post-GanglionSympathetic Pre-GanglionThoraco-lumbarYesYes and No

ABCDE



ABCDABCEACDEBCDE

ABCDE

Arachnoid materArachnoid villiBrain StemCerebellumCerebral CortexCerebral TractsCerebrumDiencephalonDura materEpithalamusGray MatterHypothalamusMedulla OblongataMidbrain / MesencephalonPeripheral NervePia materPonsSensory receptorSpinal CordSpinal NerveSubthalamusSubarachnoidSubduralThalamusWhite MatterYou've Got NerveNone of The AboveAll of the AboveJust plain nuts

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CODE XII Neuron / Glia / Fxn CODE XIII CNSABCDE



ABCDABCEACDEBCDE

ABCDE

Blood Nerve Barrier / ProtectionStructure / SupportNutrient Neurotransmitter regulationAstrocyteCNSCSF ProductionEpendymalMicrogliaMyelination of AxonsOligodendrocytePhagocytosisPNSSatelliteSchwanSimple Squamous

ABCDE



ABCDABCEACDEBCDE

ABCDE

Assoc and Commissural TractsBrain StemCerebral CortexCerebral TractsCerebellumCerebrumDiencephalonDorsal Root GanglionEpithalamusGanglia HypothalamusMedulla OblongataMidbrain / MesencephalonPeripheral NervePonsPosterior Gray HornPosterior Spinal Nerve RootSensory ReceptorSpinal cordWhite Matter / Spinal Cord Gray Mater / Spinal Cord Spinal NerveSubthalamusThalamusVentral root

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CODE XIV Brain Region Functions CODE XVI Cranial NervesABCDE



ABCDABCEACDEBCDE

ABCDE

Bundles Sensory information and transports to higher centersBundles Motor information and transports to lower centers and effectorsCarries Afferent nerve impulsesCarries Efferent nerve impulses Connects SNS and CNS to all levels of the BrainCarries Sensory nerve impulses from receptorsto CNSContains all thalamic structuresContains Gray and White Matter of the Brain, Cortex, Tracts and GangliaControls pituitary gland with hormones and neurotransmittersDetermines “personality”Maintains homeostasis / regulating hunger, sleep, thirst, temperature, water balanceProcesses, integrates and may determine both Emotion and Memory Regulates consciousness, heart rate, respiratory reflex and digestion homeostasisResponds to a determined stimulusSynthesizes thought, memory and desire; center of conscience and consciousnessTransmits Sensory information to cerebellum and thalamusTransmits SNS and ANS information between to somatic and visceral receptorsTransmits SNS and ANS information between somatic and visceral receptor and CNS ACX-OVER relay of sensory information to thalamus, brain stem, R to L and vice-versa

ABCDE



ABCDABCEACDEBCDE

ABCDE

AbducensAccessoryFacialGlosso-pharyngealHypoglossalOculomotorOlfactoryOpticTrigeminalTrochlearVagusVestibulocochlearIIIIIIIVIXVVIVIIVIIIXXIXIIXIIIBoth / MixedMotorSensorySpecial SensoryInsensitive

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CODE XV Brain Interior XVII Cranial Nerve Regions of Innervations / FxnABCDE



ABCDABCEACDEBCDE

ABCDE

Anterior Arachnoid MaterArachnoid villi / granulosumBrain StemCentral CanalCerebellum CortexCerebrumChoroid plexusCorpus CallosumDura materFalx cerebriHemispherical SulcusInferiorLateral Sulcus / VentricleLeftLongitudinal FissureMedulla OblongataMidbrain / MesencephalonParieto-occipital SulcusPeripheral NervePia MaterPonsPost central Gyrus Posterior pituitaryPre-central GyrusSeptum PellucidumThalamic intermediate mass3RD Ventricle4th VentricleOuterspace

Eye / eye movement Eye and Midbrain / eye movement and proprioception Eye and pons / eye movement and proprioception Eye, nose, scalp / eyelid, teeth, lip, mouth, tongue, head, mucosa, pain, pressure , touch Head, neck, throat, thorax, viscera, heart, GI, gallbladder, intestines / proprioception, ANS Olfactory bulbs / smell Pharynx, larynx, palate / swallowing, proprioception, head and neck movement Retina / vision Tongue, face scalp, neck / taste, propioception, movement, lacrimation, salivation Tongue, medulla / swallowing, speech Tongue, neck, carotids, parotids / taste, swallowing, baroception, chemception / salivation Vestibule Semicircular canals and cochlea / equilibrium and hearing

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CODE XVIII Neurons Neural Circuits

XIX Neuron Cell Anat XX Plexi Regions of Innervation XXINerve Counts

ABCDE



ABCDABCEACDEBCDE

AnaxonalBipolarConverging / CombiningDiverging / CascadingMultipolarMultipotentParallelPluripotentPolipolarPolipotentPyramidalReverberating / Echoing /reinforcingSerial / sequentialTotipotentUnipolarLolipop

AxolemmaAxonAxoplasmEndomysiumEndoneruiumEpimysiumEpineuriumFilamentMyomysiumMyoneuriumNerdineuriumNeurolemmaPerimysiumPerineuriumPeriosteumPlasmalemmaSarcolemmaSarcoplasmTendon

Autonomic -Symp and ParasympAbdominal, Gluteal, Femoral, Genital, Tibial, Fibular, PlantarArteries of Kidneys and UretersBronchusCervicalEsophagusHeartHead, Neck, Shoulders, Chest and DiaphragmIntestinesKidneys and UretersLiver, Gallbladder, Pancreas, Spleen, Adrenal, GonadsLumbarParasympatheticPelvic VisceraPerineal and GenitalSacral Dermis Scalp, Cephalic, Cervical, Neck, Throat and DiaphragmSpinalStomach, Spleen PancreasSympatheticThoracicNone of the aboveAll of the Above

1 2 3 456789101112MultipleNone

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ABCDE

CODE XXII Neurons Neural Circuits XXIIIEye

XXIVEar

ABCDE



ABCDABCEACDEBCDE

AfferentNSAcetylcholineATPCervicalCNSCranial SacralDopamineEfferentExtrinsicLumbar SacralNor-epinephrineParasympatheticParasymp Pre-GangPNSSNSSympatheticVisceral receptorsSpecial Sense ReceptorsSomatic ReceptorsSkeletal MuscleSensory InfoMotor InfoVisceral Effectors

AqueousBlind SpotCanthusChoroidCiliary MuscleConjunctivaFoveaIrisLensLimbusOptic DiscOptic nervePupilRetinaScleraSuspensory LigamentsTaer FilmTrabeculaeVitreous

AuditionAuricleCochleaCochlear BranchEquilibriumEustachian TubeExt Aud MeatusExternal EarGustationInner earInt Aud Meatus / CanalMalleolusMiddle earPetrous ProcessPinnaSemi-circular canals StapesTemporalTympanumUtricleVestibulaocochlear nerveVestibular BranchVestibuleVision

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ABCDE

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BIOL 218 F 2012 MTX 4 QA NS 121121.1.docx 218 F... · Web viewBiology 218 – Human Anatomy MTX4 NS...

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