BIOL 197L - Lab #6: PLANT MORPHOLOGY, GROWTH, MICROANATOMY, AND TRANSPORT.
-
Upload
ashtyn-connett -
Category
Documents
-
view
220 -
download
0
Transcript of BIOL 197L - Lab #6: PLANT MORPHOLOGY, GROWTH, MICROANATOMY, AND TRANSPORT.
BIOL 197L - Lab #6: PLANT MORPHOLOGY, GROWTH, MICROANATOMY, AND TRANSPORT
Identify:
Node
Identify:
Internode
Identify (the structure that develops into flowers and branches):
Axillary or lateral bud
Identify:
Petiole
Identify:
Blade
Identify: Structure
Primarily present in Monocots or Eudicots?
Fibrous rootsMonocots
Identify: Structure
Primarily present in Monocots or Eudicots?
TaprootEudicots
Identify:StructurePurpose
Root hairsIncreased surface area for the uptake of water and nutrients
Identify:StructurePurpose
Identify:
Identify:StructurePurpose
Undifferentiated vascular traces
Identify:StructurePurpose
Axillary or lateral bud
Identify:
Leaf primordia
Identify:
Xylem
Identify:
Vascular tissue that is differentiating into vessel elements of the xylem
Plants are characterized by which type of growth?
Indeterminate growth
Stems that grow underground:
Rhizomes
Roots that grow aboveground
Adventitious roots
What are the four primary functions of roots?
(1) Anchorage of the plant in soil(2) Absorption of water and minerals from the soil
(3) Conduction of water and minerals from the region of absorption to the base of the stem(4) Starch storage to varying degree
Identify:
Primary root
Identify:
Secondary root
Plants have three main tissue systems, what are they?
DermalGroundVascular
Identify:
Monocot root
Identify:StructurePurpose
XylemTransportation of water and nutrients
Identify:What does it contain?
Stele, or vascular cylinderContains the vascular tissues
The root is the only plant organ that has a vascular cylinder
Identify:StructurePurpose
PhloemTransportation of synthate
Identify:StructurePurpose
Pericycle: The outmost cell layer of the vascular cylinder, although not xylem or phloem. The pericycle is unique to roots.
Gives rise to lateral roots
The vascular tissue system contains the:
XylemPhloem
Identify:
Cortex
Identify:
Pith
Note that roots typically lack a central pith, but you will see examples of pith when you look at cross sections of stems.
Identify:StructurePurpose
EndodermisContains the casparian strip that works to prevent
water from exiting the roots
The ground tissues have many important roles in plants such as:
Support, storage, and photosynthesis
Identify:StructurePurpose
EpidermisCovered in a waxy cuticle
Works to prevent water loss
In woody plants the epidermis is replaced by a tissue known as:
The peridermWhich consists of:
The cork and cork cambium
The dermal tissue system forms which layer of cells?
EpidermisEndodermis
Identify:Cell type
Properties and functions
ParenchymaThin cell walls with large vacuolesThe most common cell in plants
Photosynthetis, storage of carbohydrates, support, and lateral transportParenchyma cells make up the bulk of the cortex, pith, xylem, and phloem
Alive when functioning
Identify:Cell type
Properties and functions
CollenchymaUneven thickening of cell walls
Provide flexible supportAlive when functioning
Identify:Cell type
Properties and functions
SclerenchymaSupportive cells
LigninDead when functioning
Identify:
Stele or vascular cylinder
Identify:
Cortex
Identify:
Epidermis
Identify:StructurePurpose
Monocot or Eudicot?
Xylem vesselTransportation of water and nutrients
Dead when functioningEudicot
Identify:
PhloemTransports photosynthetic synthate
Living when functioning
Identify:StructurePurpose
PericycleGives rise to lateral roots
The outmost layer of the vascular cylinder
Identify:
EndodermisContains the casparian strip that forces water and nutrients
out of the apoplast and into the symplast. The innermost layer of the cortex and it is unique to roots.
Identify:
Root cap
Identify the three regions of the root:
Identify the three regions of the root:
Region of cell division
Identify:
Region of elongation
Identify:
Region of maturation
Identify:Structure
Monocot or Eudicot?
Monocot stem
Identify:
Vascular bundle
Identify:
Epidermis
Identify:
Parenchyma
Identify:
Vessel
Identify:
PhloemSieve tube members and companion cells
Identify:Structure
Monocot or Eudicot?
Eudicot stem
Identify:
Epidermis
Identify:
Cortex
Identify:
Pith
Identify:
Vascular bundle
Identify:
Fiber bundle cap
Identify:Gives rise to
Vascular cambiumSecondary growth
Identify:
Xylem vessels
Identify:
Xylem tracheids
Identify:
Trichomes (leaf hairs)Stomata
Guard cellsTranspiration
Identify:
Mesophyll
Identify:
Upper epidermis
Identify:
Stomata
Identify:
Phloem
Identify:
Xylem
The layer below the stomata is the:
Substomatal chamber
The two types of lateral meristems are the:
Vascular cambiumCork cambium
Vascular cambium produces:
Secondary xylem towards the pith and secondary phloem towards the cortex
Secondary xylem is also known as:
Wood
The cork cambium and cork (dead at maturity) that is produced are known collectively as the:
PeridermIt replaces the epidermis and cortex in stems and roorts with continual secondary
growth; these new layers (secondary phloem and periderm) are known as:
Bark
Annual rings are made of secondary xylem, which make up the wood of the stem surrounding the pith. Each annual ring has several rows of spring wood, thin-walled, large-diameter cells that grew in the spring, and, outside of these, a few rows of summer wood, thick-walled, smaller-diameter
cells that grew in the summer when water was less abundant.
Does this make sense?Spring = more available water = larger cells
Summer = less available water = smaller cellsThus, you can distinguish spring wood and summer wood by thicker and thinner rings,
respectively.
Which type of wood is this?
Spring wood
Which type of wood is this?
Summer wood
Identify:
Pith
Identify:
Lateral ray
Identify:
Annual ring
Identify:
Xylem vessels
Identify:
Vascular cambium
Identify:
Phloem
Identify:
Phloem ray
Identify:
Cork cambium
Identify:
Cork