BIOL 121 – The Unity of Life
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Transcript of BIOL 121 – The Unity of Life
BIOL 121 – The Unity of Life
Instructor: DW Buckalew
Office: 305A Sciences
Office Hours: M 3:00 – 5:00 pm
F 8:00-10:00 am
Welcome aboard!
The Biosphere is the limit!!
How to Succeed in Science courses
•Attendance is a MUST – you will need to take notes!
•Timeliness is a MUST – you need to be present to take notes!
•Read the textbook from this day forward….
•Begin projects early
•Don’t be rude – turn off cell phones, refrain from talking
•Biology I is essentially Intro Biochemistry – look at the topics!
•You’ve seen/heard much of the info before? Probably so.
•You’ve had to synthesize the amount req’d for Biology I?
Probably not.
How to Succeed in Science courses
COMMUNICATE – talk with faculty when problems arise
(notice the word “IF” was not used)
“ROLL WITH THE PUNCHES” – bounce back from low test/quiz scores
DELAY IMMEDIATE GRATIFICATION – the pursuit of the degree is difficult
KEEP YOUR EYES ON THE PRIZE – graduation is closer than you think!
Work Hard!!
1) Brett Montgomery ('03) MD program at EVMS2) Matthew Kren ('04) MS Biology – VCU; DVM Program – Ross University3) Renae Trombley ('04) Doctoral program - VCU/MCV Physical Therapy4) Richard Scherer ('04) Doctoral program - VCU/MCV Physical Therapy5) Brian Belliveau ('05) Ph.D. program in Molecular Biology at Notre Dame6) Nick Hopson ('05) Doctoral program - VCU/MCV Physical Therapy7) Amber Weems ('05) VCU School of Dentistry8) Ryan Dunn ('05) MD program in Pathology at Duke University 9) Paul Hetterich ('05) MS in Clinical Micro/Immuno at VCU/MCV10) Stephen "Matt" Akers ('04) MD/PhD program at West Virginia University11) Frankie Simmons ('03) MD program - Howard University12) Stephanie Thomas ('04) Ph.D. Program at Old Dominion University 14) Stuart Bertsch ('05) MD program – VCU/MCV 15) Sara Lee ('05) MS program – Forensics - Marshall University 16) Katie Wells ('05) Doctoral program - Shenandoah University Physical Therapy17) Laura Wooldridge ('05) Physician's Assistant program - Shenandoah University18) Casey Dertzbaugh ('06) Doctoral program VCU/MCV Physical Therapy19) Adrienne Hampton ('05) MD program - Northwestern University20) Kelley Jernigan (06) Nursing Program at VCU 21) Quintin Lewis (06) Ph. D. Program in Molecular Biology – VCU22) Jerry McCoy ('05) Teaching at Emporia Private High School 23) David Walker ('06) NOVA University School of Dentistry24) Carolyn Howard ('06) MS program in Occupational Therapy - JMU25) Crystal Freels ('06) Science teacher – Roanoke school district 26) Ray Stephens ('06) VCU Dental School 27) Albert Tuono ('06) DOM program - WV School of Osteopathic Medicine28) Colleen Schamber ('06) MS in Biomedical Engineering – UVA29) Nicole Woznick ('06) PharmD program - VCU
30) Kelly Brake ('06) - VCU School of Nursing31) Catherine Dunn ('05) - Molecular lab tech at Cornell Medical College32) Chelsea Norton ('05) - Lab specialist - Wyeth Pharmaceuticals33) Catherine Melvin ('05) - Ph.D program in Microbiology - GMU34) Christina Stewart ('06) - Lab technician - VCLS Richmond, VA35) Michelle Wagner ('05) - VCU School of Nursing36) Ashley Martin ('04) - MS program in Clinical Lab Sciences - VCU/MCV37) Jason Chambers (06) – MS in Marine Biology – UNC-Wilmington38) Tiffany Crane (07) – Post-Bacc – University of Cincinnati39) Jennifer Smith Doss (07) – Officer, Va DCR – Fish and Wildlife40) Michael Edwards (07) – DVM program – VA Tech41) Jason Ferguson (07) – MS program in Fisheries – Univ Tennessee42) Oscar Gonzalez (07) – Biomedical Engineering – VCU43) Jane Ashley Hawkins (07) – BS Nursing program – Univ of South Carolina44) Michael Joyce (07) – Post- Bacc – Pre-medical program – VCU45) Courtney Kreft (07) – 2nd Lt – MASH surgical unit – Afghanistan46) Joel Rowe (07) – MD program – VCU/MCV47) Amanda Simmons (07) – MS in Microbiology – ODU48) Whitney Slack (07) – MS Program in Nursing VCU/MCV49) Emily Sturgill (07) – BS Nursing Program – GMU50) Natalie Haines (07) – QC Biologist – American Type Culture Collection51) Matt Lusk (06) – UNC Coastal Studies Institute
Your name here (‘11) – attending graduate school at….
- attending professional school at…
- teaching science at……
-lab/field scientist at/for….
Your future begins today!!
Hot Topics in Biology:
Emerging/Re-emerging diseases
Hot Topics in Biology:
Global Warming
Hot Topics in Biology: Decline in Biodiversity
Hot Topics in Biology: Fetal Stem Cells
Career options – what’s out there
• Professional scientists– often immersed in research and
development
academia
government
industry
– Often requires a Ph.D. or other advanced degree degree
• Science-trained professionals– Often employed by industry,
business, education, and government in different ways
– Usually requires a M.S. or equivalent degree
You can enter many science careers with a B.S.
•Research technician
•Lab coordinator
•Regulatory agent
•Quality control specialist
•Life science product sales
Biology B.S. with additional study:
•Science journalism
•Medical technology
•1° and 2° education
•Pharmaceutical/agrichemical sales
•Bioinformatics including law enforcement
•Museum curator
Biology B.S. combined with other degree (i.e., MBA, JD)
•High tech business or hospital management
•Financial analyst of biotechnology firms
•Patent law/technology transfer/environmental law
•Environmental engineering
Biology Ph.D. :
•Average of 5-7 years beyond B.S.•College/university teacher
•Research director in academia, government, and industry
M.D.:•Average of 4 years beyond PLUS 4+ years of residency/specialized training
•Other professional medical degrees… P.A.
D.V.MPharmD.D.D.S.D.P.T.D.P.M.D.O.M.
The number of Biology Ph.D.’s employed in business and industry has increased steadily…over 50% of new Ph.D.’s are employed outside academia (Tobias, 2005)
Over 1/3 have moved into management roles
Typically obtained via paid assistantships
So let’s get started in the quest….
Chapter 1- The Science of Biology
• Biology is “the study of life”
I. Characteristics of life:– Cellular organization
– Order
– Sensitivity
– Growth, development, and reproduction
– Energy utilization
– Evolutionary adaptation
– Homeostasis
II. The Hierarchical organization of life
• At the cellular level…Atoms join to form
molecules
Molecules join to form larger molecules (e.g. organics)
Large molecules are assembled to form organelles
Organelles are contained within a larger organized cell
II. The Hierarchical organization of life
• At the organismal level…Cells organized in 3 levels:
tissue
organ
organ system
The set of organ systems form
the intact organism
II. The Hierarchical organization of life
• At the population level…Individual organisms form
populationsAll populations of a single
type of organism constitute the species
All populations of different organisms living together in one place make a community
The biological community PLUS the abiotic factors make up an ecosystem
III. The Process of Science(science = L. “to know”)
Charles Darwin (1809-1882) sought natural rather than supernatural causes for the unity/diversity of nature and, in doing so, revolutionized biology. Published the then controversial book, On the Origin of Species…etc in 1859.
The Process of Science
• Science seeks answers to natural phenomena– Activities that can be
observed and measured
– Activities that can be verified through testing
The Process of Science• Science uses 2 ways to
approach problem solving…– Inductive reasoning =
Generalization that summarizes many observations
– Deductive reasoning =Hypothesis testing and
“if-then logic” – reasoning flows from general to specific
How Science Is DoneScience is a systematic process of testing alternative hypotheses
Unifying Themes of Science
• Cell theory– Robert Hooke (1665) to Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1700) to
Schleiden and Schwann (1839)
– All living organisms are made of cells, and all living cells come from other living cells.
– Later, it was proposed that all cell came from pre-existing cells.
• Molecular theory – “central dogma of molecular biology”– DNA is the molecule of inheritance
– DNA encodes genes which make-up and control living organisms.
– DNA RNA Protein
Unifying Themes of Science
• Evolutionary change– Life-forms have evolved varying characteristics to
adapt to varied environments.
• Evolutionary conservation– Some characteristics of earlier organisms are preserved
and passed on to future generations.
Articles on reservefor 1st Article Review
• Nestle, M. 2007. Eating made simple. Scientific American. 297: 60-69. (Sept)
• Grossman, D. 2004. Spring forward. Scientific American. 290: 84-92. (Jan)
• Rennie, J. 2002. 15 Answers to creationist nonsense. Scientific American. 287: 78-85.(July)
LWU electronic reserve: http://readpac.longwood.edu/search/r?biol+121