BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF JEWS PROMINENT IN THE ...

52 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF JEWS PROMINENTIN THE PROFESSIONS, ETC., IN THE

UNITED STATES

The Biographical Sketches which follow are a second in-stalment of the series begun in the AMERICAN JEWISH YEAE

BOOK for 5664. The Sketches there published were of Rabbisand Cantors officially connected with congregations in theUnited States. On pp. 214-225, will be found additions tothe list of last year, designed to keep it up to date.

It is intended to complete the series of BiographicalSketches in the AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK for 5666, inwhich an attempt will be made to present the biographicaldata of the men and women who are doing the communalwork for the Jews of the United States.

The present instalment does not deal with so unified a setof personages as the first dealt with and as the third is de-signed to deal with. It aims to bring together the names andbiographical data of the Jews in the United States who havewon a place in the professions, in the arts, the sciences, injournalism, in business, in public life. Only one class of pro-fessional men and women have been excluded from thepresent instalment, namely, those who have trained themselvesto preside over Jewish charitable institutions; the superin-tendents and directors of the charities, the superintendentsof orphan asylums and kindred institutions, the probationofficers, the social settlement workers, etc. Their vocationis so closely allied to the activities that will constitute theground for inclusion in the next instalment of sketchea

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 53

that it seemed proper to associate them with the communalworkers whose leaders and guides they are.

A number of cases, indeed, proved the scheme of classifi-cation adopted arbitrary. Many of the personages whosebiographical data are presented below have put their attain-ments and their abilities in the service of the Jewish com-munity. On the other hand, a few of those addressed begantheir careers as professional men, but are now engaged entirelyin the service of the community. Their biographies havetherefore been reserved for the next instalment.

A word as to the data given below. The list does not layclaim to completeness. That it is not even so complete asit might have been made with the co-operation of all personsaddressed will appear from the circumstance that blanks andcirculars were sent to over nine hundred persons, and onlyabout 475 complied with the request for information. Amongthose not heard from were some whose biographical data areso well known that they have been compiled from variousreference books and inserted-. An asterisk (*) marks in-formation not obtained directly from the subject of the sketch.

The circular letters were first sent out in May, a month inwhich the summer travel to Europe had begun. This mayin a measure account for the paucity of responses receivedfrom actors, musicians, painters, artists of all sorts. Like-wise army and navy men, in which the list is deficient, movefrom place to place so frequently and rapidly in the exerciseof their profession that it is difficult to reach them within agiven short time through their permanent address.

These deductions, great as they are, do not cover the largenumber addressed and not heard from. Among them are,besides authors, editors, physicians, lawyers, engineers, and


representatives of many other professions and occupations.Over and above all this it must be admitted that if theeditorial miracle had come to pass, and the co-operation ofall persons addressed had been secured, the list would stillhave been incomplete, as any list the first of its kind mustinevitably be.

Abarbanell, Jacob Ralph. Editor, Author. Born December 6,1852, New York City. Son of Rudolph Abarbanell. GraduateCollege City of New York, A. B., B. S., 1872; Columbia LawSchool, LL. B., 1874. Married Cornelia L. Eaton. Practiceslaw, New York. Member Medico-Legal Society, New York; Man-hattan Single Tax Club. Now editor New York Family StoryPaper, and Golden Hours. Author: Flirtation, 1884; Monte Cristoand his Wife, 1885; Ma, 1888; The Rector's Secret, 1892; serialspublished under pen name "Ralph Royal." Plays: My Father'sWill, 1881; A Model Pair, 1882; All on Account of a Bracelet,1883; Haydee, Countess of Monte Cristo, 1902; Ma, 1902. Trans-lations: novels of Alphonse Daudet, Octave Feuillet, Henri Gre-ville, Boisgobey; short stories from French and German. Resi-dence: Coney Island. Office: 24 Vandewater, New York.

Abrams, Albert. Physician. Born December 8, 1863, San Fran-cisco, Cal. Son of Marcus Abrams and Rachael Levey. A. M.,Portland University; M. D., University of Heidelberg; pursuedpost-graduate courses in London (F. R. M. S.), Berlin, Vienna, andParis. Married Jeanne Irma Roth. Professor of Pathology anddirector Medical Clinic, Cooper Medical College; president Emanu-El Sisterhood Polyclinic, San Francisco; trustee National JewishHospital for Consumptives, Denver, and consulting physician tothe same institution. One of the original investigators of Helio-therapy and Psychotherapy; discoverer of the Heart and LungReflexes of Abrams, and numerous other organ reflexes bearingthe same name. Author: Synopsis of Morbid Renal Secretions;Manual of Clinical Diagnosis; Consumption, Causes and Preven-tion; The Antiseptic Club; Scattered Leaves of a Physician'sDiary; Diseases of the Heart; Nervous Breakdown; Hygiene, ina System of Physiologic Therapeutics; The Blues, Causes andCure; and various contributions to medical journals. Address:1519 Van Ness Av., San Francisco, Cal.

"Addison, Victoria." flee Peixotto, Victoria Maud.

Adler, Cyrus. Librarian Smithsonian Institution, HonoraryCurator Historic Religions, and Custodian Historic Archaeology,


United States National Museum. Born September 13, 1863, VanBuren, Ark. Son of Samuel Adler and Sarah Sulzberger. Edu-cated Hebrew Education Society's School, and public schools, Phil-adelphia; B. A., 1878, Central High School, Philadelphia; B. A.,1883; M. A., 1886, University of Pennsylvania; Ph.D., 1887, JohnsHopkins University. Fellow, instructor, and associate Semiticlanguages, Johns Hopkins University, 1887-1892. President boardof directors Jewish Theological Seminary of America; presidentAmerican Jewish Historical Society; trustee Gratz College, Phila-delphia; trustee, and member Publication Committee, JewishPublication Society of America; member Council American Insti-tute of Archaeology; formerly vice-president Philosophical Society,and Anthropological Society, Washington; representative World'sColumbian Exposition to Turkey, Egypt, Tunis, Algiers, andMorocco; representative United States Government to Interna-tional Catalogue of Scientific Literature, London, and member ofexecutive committee of Catalogue; member American Philosoph-ical Society, Washington Academy of Sciences, American OrientalSociety, and many other learned bodies. Editor: The AmericanJewish Year Book; The Voice of America on Kishineff; and theso-called " Jefferson Bible." Author: Told in the Coffee House(with Allan Ramsay); many papers on philological, archaeo-logical, and American Jewish historical subjects, in the publica-tions of the United States National Museum, of various learnedsocieties, and in scientific periodicals. One of the Editors of theJewish Encyclopedia. Address: Smithsonian Institution, Wash-ington, D. C.

*Adler, Felix. Educator, Lecturer. Born August 13, 1851,Alzey, Germany. Son of Rabbi S. Adler. Graduate, 1870, Colum-bia University. Studied at Berlin (Ph.D.). Professor Hebrewand Oriental Literature, Cornell University, 1874-1876; estab-lished, 1876, New York Society for Ethical Culture, of which heis now the lecturer. Professor political and social ethics Colum-bia University. Member editorial board International Journal ofEthics. Author: Creed and Deed; The Moral Instruction of Chil-dren, etc. Address: 123 East 60th, New York.

*Adler, Jacob P. Actor. Born January 1, 1855, Odessa, Russia.Made his first appearance at the theatre in Cherson, Russia, 1878.Emigrated to London, 1883, because the Russian government pro-hibited Jewish plays. Removed to New York, 1888, and becameone of the leading actors on the Jewish stage. Appeared withan English company of actors, he playing the title-role in Shakes-pearean plays in Yiddish. Address: Grand Theatre, New York.

Alan Dale. See Cohen, Alfred J.


*Alschuler, Samuel. Lawyer. Born November 20, 1859, Chicago,111. Son of Jacob Alschuler. Educated in Aurora, 111., highschool. Was clerk in general store two years; studied law inoffice in Aurora; admitted to Illinois bar, 1881; Democratic can-didate for Congress, 1892; defeated. Member of State Commis-sion of Claims, 1893-1896; of legislature, 1896-1900; Democraticcandidate for governor of Illinois, 1900; defeated. Member lawfirm Kraus, Alschuler, and Holden, since 1901. Residence:Aurora, 111. Office: Tribune Bldg., Chicago.

*Altman, Benjamin. Proprietor department store, B. Altmanand Company. Director Bank of the Metropolis; trustee GarfieldSafe Deposit Company. Address: 25 Madison Av., New York.

Altman, Rebecca Annetta. Writer. Born December 16, 1880,Gilnitz, Polish Lithuania. Daughter of Joseph Jacob Altman andLeah Oberschmieds. Educated by private tutors, special attentionbeing paid to Hebrew. Other studies pursued at Steubenville, O.,high school. Has written essays, poems, sketches, and transla-tions from the German, Hebrew, and Yiddish, for The AmericanJewish press, the Steubenville Herald, and other papers; also sev-eral Hebrew articles in Ha-Ibri, 1895, 1896, and 1897. Address:238 South Fifth, Steubenville, Ohio.

Altmann, Aaron. Assistant Professor of Sketching and Per-spective at California School of Design, Mark Hopkins Instituteof Art of the University of California. Born October 28, 1872,San Francisco, Cal. Son of Jacob Altmann and Dora Posner. Grad-uate San Francisco public schools and Ecole Nationale des BeauxArts, Paris, France. Received William Alvord Medal at Cali-fornia School of Design, 1890. Two pictures accepted at ParisSalon, 1896. Appointed member Board of Park Commissioners,City and County of San Francisco, 1902. Address: 1017 Sutter,San Francisco, Cal.

Amram, David Werner. Lawyer, 1889, and Referee in Bank-ruptcy, 1903, United States District Court Eastern District ofPennsylvania. Born May 16, 1866, Philadelphia, Pa. Son ofWerner David Amram and Esther Hammerschlag. Educated inpublic schools, and Rugby Academy, Philadelphia; A. B., 1887;LL. B., 1889; A. M., 1890, University of Pennsylvania. MarriedBeulah Brylawski. President and honorary member board ofdirectors Young Men's Hebrew Association; director HebrewEducation Society, Jewish Maternity Association, and Congre-gation Mickve Israel; trustee and secretary Gratz College; mem-ber Law Academy; Medical Jurisprudence Society; PennsylvaniaState Bar Association; Grand Lodge Pennsylvania Masons; Phari-


sees; and member Publication Committee Jewish PublicationSociety of America, 1897-1901. Author: The Jewish Law ofDivorce, 1896; Leading Cases in Biblical Law (in press). Writerof legal articles in Jewish Encyclopedia; A Lawyer's Studies inJewish Law, being sixteen articles published serially in TheGreen Bag, Boston. Address: 1717 North 8th, Philadelphia, Pa.

Anspacher, Louis Kaufman. Lecturer, Author, and Dramatist.Born March 1, 1878, Cincinnati, O. Son of Leopold Henry Ans-pacher and Rosa Kaufman. Educated in New York public schools;A. B., 1897, College City of New York; studied at Columbia LawSchool, and pursued post-graduate course in School of Philosophy,Columbia University (A.M., 1902; LL. B., 1903). Lecturer in phil-osophy in " Mind " Summer School, and teacher in evening schoolsNew York City. Contributed articles to magazines. Author:Tristan and Isolde, a Poetical Drama; Anna and the ArchdukeJohn, a Drama (in press). Address: 3 West 122d, New YorkCity.

Apotheker, David. Notary Public, and Real Estate and Insur-ance Broker. Born August 28, 1855, Ponievezhgov, GovernmentKovno, Russia. Studied at Wilkomir, 1868, under M. L. Lilien-blum. Arrested, 1877, at Kiev, for Nihilist agitation; escaped toCzernowitz, Austria. Married Celia Shulman. Emigrated to theUnited States, 1888. Editor: Die Gegenwart, a Yiddish weekly,1895. Author: Ha-Nebel, a book of Hebrew and Yiddish poems,1882. Contributor to Hebrew and Yiddish papers. Address: 528South 4th, Philadelphia, Pa.

*Appel, Aaron H. Major Surgeon, United States Army. BornApril 3, 1856, Pennsylvania. A. B., 1874, Central High School,Philadelphia; M. D.; 1878, Jefferson Medical College. Appointedassistant surgeon, 1879; captain assistant surgeon, 1884; majorsurgeon, 1897. Address: War Department, Washington, D. C.

*Appel, Daniel M. Major Surgeon, United States Army. BornOctober 28, 1854, Pennsylvania. A. B., 1872; A.M., 1877, CentralHigh School, Philadelphia; M. D., 1875, Jefferson Medical Col-lege. Appointed assistant surgeon, 1876; captain assistant sur-geon, 1881; major surgeon, 1895. Address: War Department,Washington, D. C.

Aronson, Maurice. Pianist, Writer, Critic. Born June 24, 1869,Mitau, Courland, Russia. Son of Herman Aronson and AnetteLevit. Graduate Mitau Gymnasium, 1885; Ecole Polytechnique,Riga, 1886; pursued courses of study in St. Petersburg, Riga, and


Berlin. First studied chemistry, then music. Came to the UnitedStates, 1888, going to the South as conductor, pianist, and organ-ist; removed to Chicago, 1896. Member Piano Faculty ChicagoConservatory of Music and Dramatic Art, 1896-1900. Founder anddirector Maurice Aronson Studios for the Art of Piano Playing,1900-1903. Called to Berlin, 1903, as chief assistant of LeopoldGodowsky. Author: Symphony and Symphonic Poem, 1897;Schumann's Song Cycles, 1897; Robert Franz in his Relation toMusic and its Masters, 1897; Franz Schubert (in commemorationof the one hundredth Anniversary of his Birth), 1897; The Polesin Music, 1898, and articles in musical journals. Address: Geis-berg Strasse 31, Berlin, Germany.

•Aronson, Rudolph. Theatrical Manager; Musical Composer.Now manager Bijou Theatre, New York; projector and builderMetropolitan Concert Hall (site of present Broadway Theatre);also projector and builder Casino (with first roof garden inAmerica). Composer of more than 150 pieces for orchestra, in-cluding the famous Sweet Sixteen waltz. Residence: 144 West94th. Office: 1123 Broadway, New York.

Austrian, Ben. Artist. Born November 22, 1870, Reading,Pa. Son of Raphael Austrian and Fannie Elizabeth Dreifoos.Educated at Reading public schools. Began career as clerk andtravelling salesman. Self-taught as a painter. Began to paint atage of nine. Works: Temptations, After the Race, A Day'sHunt, The Intruder, A Golden Harvest, After a South Wind,His Majesty the King, Motherhood, Love's Nest, The Home ofLove, Die Mutterliebe. Address: 1252 Perkiomen Av., Reading,Pa.

*Bamberger, Raymond S. Second Lieutenant, United StatesArmy. Born October 29, 1877, Kentucky. A. B., 1895, Male HighSchool, Louisville, Ky. Was private and acting hospital steward,Hospital Corps, 1898-1900; appointed private and hospital stew-ard, Hospital Corps, 1901; second lieutenant, 7th Regiment Cav-alry, 1901. Address: War Department, Washington, D. C.

Barondess, Joseph. Insurance Broker. Born July 3, 1867,Kamenetz-Podolsk, Russia. Son of Judah Samuel Barondess andFeiga Goldman. Educated in the Cheder. Married Anna Zisels.Came to America at age of eighteen. Laborer in Brooklyn sugarrefinery; worked in sweat shop as tailor; in "Paris Green"factory; and on a farm. Leader of Cloak Makers Union of16,000 members, chiefly Jews. Organizer of International LadiesGarment Workers Union, American Federation of Labor. Leader


of Union workmen locked out of Abraham Popkin's Cloak andSuit factory. Charged with extortion on the successful end ofthe lock-out; found guilty by a jury; the judgment reversed bythe Supreme Court; for technical reasons the judgment of the firstcourt sustained by New York State Court of Appeals; declaredmorally innocent of charge by the District Attorney who had car-ried the case to the Court of Appeals; and pardoned by GovernorFlower. Twice candidate on Socialist party ticket for Assembly inthe Twelfth Assembly District, New York. Subject of EdwardKing's "Joseph Zalmonah." Editor: The Baltimore Free Press(Labor Paper), 1894; The Union Zeitung (Jewish Trades Unionpaper, published first as a bi-monthly, then as a weekly, by theCloak Makers Union), 1894; Labor Department of Forward, Jew-ish daily and weekly. Has written numerous articles for theJewish press. Address: 6 Rutgers, New York.

Barthold, Manuel. Artist. Born September 9, 1874, Russia.Son of Morris Barthold and Sarah Schneider. Educated inNew York and Paris. Awarded a first Elliot Medal by NationalAcademy of Design, New York, 1894, and a DeuxiSme Medaille,H. C, by the Salon des Artistes Frangais, Paris, 1904. Works:Les Deux Amis; Une petite Hollandaise, both exhibited in Paris,1904. Address: 89, rue Deupert-Rochereau, Paris, France.

Baruch, Emanuel. Physician. Born February 22, 1868, NewYork City. Son of Myron Baruch and Elizabeth Fournier. Fatherand grandfather distinguished physicians, the latter also burgo-master of Arolsen, Waldeck-Pyrmont. Graduate University ofWurtemberg, 1887; Columbia University, 1889; pursued coursesat the Universities of Berlin and Munich. Professor of Bacteriol-ogy and Pathology, Flower Hospital and Medical College; ofBacteriology and Therapeutics, Metropolitan Post-Graduate Col-lege, New York City. Member of many scientific societies.Author: On the Aetiology and Therapy of Diphtheria; On theAetiology of Cancer; Serotherapy; The Treatment of ChronicDisease; The Bacteriological Diagnosis and Therapy of TyphoidFever; Epidemic Cerebro-spinal Meningitis; etc. Address: 57East 77th, New York.

Baruch, Simon. Physician. Born July 29, 1840, Schwersenz,Germany. Son of Bernhard Baruch and Teresa Greer. Educatedat Gymnasium, Posen. M. D., 1862, Medical College of Virginia.Married Belle Wolfe. Surgeon for three years in Army of North-ern Virginia under General Lee; practiced medicine for fifteenyears in Camden, S. C; president South Carolina Medical So-ciety, 1873; chairman State Board of Health, South Carolina,


1880; physician, 1883-1884, and gynaecologist, 1884-1887, to North-eastern Dispensary, New York; chairman Committee on PublicHealth, New York County Medical Society, 1890. Now professorof Hydrotherapeutics New York Post-Graduate Medical School andHospital; visiting physician Hood-Wright Hospital (formerlyManhattan General); consulting physician Monteflore Home forChronic Invalids. Advocate of methodical use of physiologicalremedies, such as diet, rest, exercise, and baths. His agitation forthe introduction of free public cleansing baths resulted in theirestablishment in New York, Buffalo, Syracuse, Rochester, andChicago. Author: The Uses of Water in Modern Medicine; ThePrinciples and Practice of Hydrotherapy (both works publishedin Germany, the second also in Sweden). Address: Hotel Ma-jestic, New York.

Belasco, David. Sole Manager Belasco Theatre; Playwright.Born July 25, 1859, San Francisco, Cal. Son of A. Belasco andReina Martin. Educated in Lincoln College, Cal. Married CeciliaLoverich. Stage manager Baldwin Theatre, San Francisco, 1878;Madison Square Theatre, New York, 1880, and Lyceum Theatre,New York, 1885. Wrote first play, acted by himself and boyfriends, at age of fourteen. Came East in 1880. Author: MayBlossom; La Belle Russe; Hearts of Oak; Valerie; The Heart ofMaryland; Zaza; Du Barry; Sweet Kitty Bellairs; in collaborationwith H. C. DeMille: Lord Chumley; The Wife; The CharityBall; Men and Women; with Franklin Fyles: The Girl I LeftBehind Me; with John Luther Long: Mme. Butterfly; The Dar-ling of the Gods. Address: Belasco Theatre, New York.

*Bendix, Max. Violinist, Conductor. Born March 28, 1866,Detroit, Mich. Educated at Detroit. Studied the violin and in1885 became concert-master in Van der Stucken's orchestra, NewYork; concert-master of the Theodore Thomas orchestra, 1886-1896; assistant conductor, 1891-1896. Conducted orchestral con-certs for six weeks at Chicago, 1892; was assistant conductor and,after Mr. Thomas' resignation, sole conductor Exposition Orches-tra of 114 selected artists at World's Columbian Exposition.Organized and for several seasons directed the Max Bendix StringQuartette. Since 1896 devoted exclusively to solo playing andteaching. Address: 489 Fifth Av., New York.

Benjaminson, Abraham L. Mohel and Hebrew Author. Born1884, in Russia. Son of Moses Benjaminson and Rashe Brody.Educated in Russia and Germany. Married Rachel Herman.Author: War in Peace (against Christian missionaries), 1898;The Valley of Jehoshaphat (on Jewish sects); The Observer


(a study of the Jewish problem). Dramas: The Valley of Appli-cation; The Treason of Absalom (both unpublished). Address:405 Grand, New York.

Benoliel, Solomon D. Electro-chemist. Born June 1, 1874,New York City. Son of David J. Benoliel and Pauline Wasser-mann. Graduate New York public schools, 1888; scientific courseCollege City of New York, B. S., 1893; School of Mines, ColumbiaUniversity, Electr. Eng., 1896; School of Pure Science, ColumbiaUniversity, A. M., 1896. Married Therese Lindeman. Consultingelectrical engineer and chemist, 1896-1897; instructor electricityand chemistry Adelphi College, Brooklyn, 1897-1901; electro-chemist, since 1901, and general manager Roberts ChemicalCompany. Lecturer Board of Education, New York and Brook-lyn, 1898-1901; Brooklyn Institute Arts and Sciences, 1900-1901.Member American Electro-chemical Society, and Alumni Asso-ciation School of Applied Science, Columbia University; associatemember American Institute Electrical Engineers. Perfected newprocess for production of caustic potash and chemically purehydrochloric acid. Writes for scientific magazines. Address:Roberts Chemical Company, Niagara Falls, N. Y.

Berenson, Bernhard. Writer on art. Born June 26, 1865,Wilna, Lithuania, Russia. Son of Albert Berenson and JudithMichliszanski. Graduate Boston Grammar and Latin School;Harvard University (A. B., 1887). Married Mary Whitall PearsallSmith. Author: Venetian Painters of Renaissance; FlorentinePainters of Renaissance; Central Italian Painters of Renaissance;Lorenzo Lotto, an Essay in Constructive Art Criticism; Studyand Criticism of Italian Art (first and second series); The Draw-ings of the Florentine Painters. Address: 1 Tatti, Settignano,Florence, Italy.

Berliner, Emile. Inventor. Born May 20, 1851, Hanover, Ger-many. Son of Samuel Berliner and Sally Friedman. Graduatecommon schools, Hanover, and Samson School, Wolfenbiittel.Married Cora Adler. Chief Instrument Inspector Bell TelephoneCompany, 1879-1882. Inventor of loose contact telephone trans-mitter, 1877; and of gramophone, first talking machine to utilizea groove of even depth, and in which the record not only vibratesbut also propels the reproducing stylus, 1887. First to applyinduction coil to telephony; discovered "receiving action" ofloose contacts. At work at the flying machine problem. Author:Conclusions, 1899. Address: 1458 Columbia Road, Washington,D. C.


Berliner, Solomon. United States Consul. Born October 6,1856, New York City. Son of Julius Berliner and Julia Salomon.Educated New York public schools, and at Neuwied am Rhein.Married Jennie Ottenberg. Address: Teneriffe, Canary Islands.

Bernard, Samuel. Actor. Born July 3, 1863, Birmingham,England. Son of Benjamin Bernard. Educated in New YorkCity. Stage manager, comedian, now star. Address: 61 West73d, New York.

•Bernstein, Bernard. Actor. Born 1861, Warsaw, Russia. Sangin chorus of the Polish Opera in Warsaw, and appeared as acomedian, 1882, in Goldfaden's comedy, Die Zauberin. Played inseveral Jewish theatres in Russia; when the Jewish theatre wasforbidden there, 1883, he went to Galicia, Austria, and then toRoumania, where he played various roles, usually comic. Wasengaged by Pool's Theatre, New York, 1892. Especially success-ful in role of Shamai in The Jewish King Lear, by J. Gordin.Address: Grand Theatre, New York.

Bernstein, Herman. Author. Born September 21, 1876, Scher-windt, Prussia. Son of David Bernstein and Maria Elson. Edu-cated in Russia and United States. Married Sophie Friedman.Lived in Moghilev. Russia, twelve years; came to New York, 1893.Author: In the Gates of Israel, Stories of the Jews; ContriteHearts. Translator: Maxime Gorky's Foma Gordeyev; AntonChekhov's stories. Address: Uncasville, Conn.

Bernstein, Saul. Artist. Born 1872, Posvol, Kovno, Russia.Son of Wolf Bernstein and Esther Shalowitz. Talmud stu-dent until age of sixteen; came to America, 1888; peddler andstorekeeper, West Virginia, until 1S94; began to study art, 1895.Graduate Maryland Institute, Baltimore, Class A Medal, 1895;Decorative Art Society prize, Baltimore, 1896; studied in Parisand Holland, 1898-1901; admitted to Paris Salon, 1902. StudiedJewish life in Galicia, 1902. Married Malco S. Abel, August, 1903.Works: Evening Chat; A Good Housekeeper; A Chapter in anold Tradition; Sabbath Afternoon; Mordecai the Tailor, modelledhead of a Galician Jew; portraits. Author: Hints on Art (manu-script). Address: 727 W. Fayette, Baltimore, Md.

Bettmann, Bernhard. Collector Internal Revenue at Cincin-nati since 1897. Born August 2, 1834, Weidnitz, Bavaria. Sonof Jacob Bettmann and Jeannette Kann. Educated in Germany.Married Mathilde Wald. President Board of Governors HebrewUnion College since 1875; United Jewish Charities, Cincinnati,


1896-1903; Standard Lodge, Independent Order B'nai B'rith; treas-urer Congregation Bnai Jeshurun since 1884. Member ExecutiveBoard Union American Hebrew Congregations since 1873; BoardTalmid Yelodim Institute for twenty-two years; Board of Educa-tion, Cincinnati, for fourteen years; director Ohio Valley NationalBank since 1886; master Masonic Lodge. Author: GermanRitual for Masonic Lodges. Has written poems published in DieGartenlaube, Leipzig, and other papers; orations, and speeches.Address: 858 Lexington Av., Avondale, Cincinnati, O.

Bettman, Henry Wald. Physician. Born January 14, 1868,Cincinnati, O. Son of Bernhard Bettmann and Mathilde Wald.Educated at Cincinnati, Berlin, Prague, and Vienna. B. L., 1888,University of Cincinnati; M. D., 1890, Medical College of Ohio,Cincinnati. Pathologist City Hospital, Cincinnati, 1896-1904. Wasprofessor of Medicine Cincinnati College of Medicine and Surgery(no longer holds sessions). Has contributed numerous articlesto the medical journals. Residence: 3593 Bogart Av. Office:Groton Building, Seventh and Race, Cincinnati, O.

Bien, Julius. President Julius Bien and Company; Artist Litho-grapher. Born September 27, 1826, Hesse-Cassel, Germany. Sonof Emanuel M. Bien and Esther Lithauer. Educated at Teachers'Seminary, and Academy of Fine Arts, Cassel; Stadel's Insti-tute, and Studio of Professor Moritz Oppenheim, Frankfort onthe Main. Married Almira M. Brown. Was president Independ-ent Order B'nai B'rith for thirty-five years. Now Chancellor ofForeign Affairs, Independent Order B'nai B'rith; presidentNational Lithographers Association; member Academy of Science,New York, and many other learned bodies. Medals awarded:Centennial Exposition, Philadelphia, 1876; Paris Exposition, 1878(two medals); World's Exposition, Chicago, 1893 (medal anddiploma); Paris Exposition, 1900 (one gold and one silver medal).Works: American Locomotives and Railroads, 1852; YosemiteBook, Sun Pictures of the Rocky Mountains; Statistical Atlasesof the United States; Geological Survey Maps of California, NewJersey, Michigan; U. S. Geological Survey; Coast and GeodeticSurvey; Atlas of the Rebellion Record; Atlas of the States ofNew York, Pennsylvania, New Hampshire; many State and citymaps. Address: 140-142 Sixth Av., New York.

Bien, Morris. Engineer, since 1902 in charge Reclamation Ser-vice, United States Geological Survey. Born April 17, 1859, NewYork City. Son of Joseph Bien and Therese Leipoldt. Educatedin San Francisco public schools. Ph. B., 1879, University of Cali-fornia; LL. B., 1895, Columbian (now George Washington) Uni-versity, Washington, D. C; LL. M., 1896, National University,


Washington, D. C. Married Lilla V. Hart. Topographer UnitedStates Geological Survey, 1879-1893; in charge of Irrigation andRailroad Right of Way Section, United States General Land Office,1893-1902; in charge of topographic surveys western half of Vir-ginia, 1882-1888; in charge of special survey Aspen Mining Dis-trict, Colorado. Served on special surveys of mining districts,Eureka, Nev., and Leadville, Colo.; conducted special irrigation in-vestigations in Colorado, Utah, Idaho, Montana, and North Da-kota. Author of reports on federal legislation; drafted acts ofCongress relative to irrigation and right of way matters; pre-pared legal discussions on irrigation, water rights, State andfederal legislation, several of which were published in magazinesand official publications. Address: United States Geological Sur-vey, Washington, D. C.

Bienenfeld, Abel Morris. Division Engineer, San Pedro, LosAngeles, and Salt Lake Railroad. Born January 21, 1873, SanFrancisco, Cal. Son of Elias Bienenfeld and Bertha Kunreuther.Educated at San Francisco, Cal. Was assistant engineer South-ern Pacific Company, and during Spanish-American War assistantin Naval Construction Department, United States Navy, at MareIsland, Cal. Immediately preceding and during Spanish-AmericanWar was engaged in reconstruction, at Mare Island, Cal., of war-ships subsequently used by Admiral Dewey at Manila. Engagedin the location and construction of railroads in California, Ari-zona, New Mexico, and Texas for the past twelve years exceptduring time of Spanish-American War. Now located at Daggett,Cal. Address: 2158 Pine, San Francisco, Cal.

Bienenfeld, Bernard. Consulting Engineer. Born December11, 1861, New York City. Son of Elias Bienenfeld ( a descendantof R. Moses Isserles) and Bertha Kunreuther (granddaughter ofR. Hirsch Kunreuther of Gelnhausen). Educated at San Fran-cisco. Ph. B., 1882, University of California. Graduate Collegeof Civil Engineering. Late member California Committee As-phalt Company of America; Engineer Commission on Appraise-ment of the Kern River Oil Field, which resulted in the forma-tion of the Associated Oil Company; president and engineerStandard Asphalt Company; and was associated in control ofFranklin Oil Company, Pacific Asphalt Company, Alcatraz Com-pany, American Oil and Asphalt Company; formerly assistantengineer Southern Pacific Company, and engineer Pacific Im-provement Company. Member American Society of Civil Engi-neers. Engaged, 1882-1893, in pioneer location and constructionof railroads in Oregon, California, Arizona, New Mexico, andTexas; discovered, 1893, in Kern Co., Cal., purest vein of asphalt


then known; designed masonry bridge across Napa River, Cal.,1894; engaged in developing California asphalt interests, 1893-1900; inaugurated the laying of California asphalt street pave-ments in New York City, 1897; engaged, since 1900, in the exami-nation and exploitation of petroleum deposits of Pacific coast andAlaska. Address: 2158 Pine, San Francisco, Cal.

Bijur, Nathan. Lawyer. Born June 1, 1862, New York City.Son of Asher Bijur and Pauline Sondheim. Educated at Dr.Julius Sachs's School, New York. Ph. B., 1881; LL. B., 1882;Ph. D., 1883, Columbia University. Married Lilly Pronick. Trus-tee Baron de Hirsch Fund; vice-president United Hebrew Chari-ties, New York; member commission appointed by Mayor Low toinvestigate riot at funeral of Rabbi Joseph. Special law practice:corporations, re-organizations. Frequent contributor to editorialcolumns of daily press. Office: 34 Nassau. Residence: 172 West75th, New York.

Bloch, Clement. Physician. Born November 17, 1865, Szaky,Russian Poland. Son of Abraham Jacob Bloch and Hannah FridaHeshinovitz. Educated at Konigsberg, Prussia. Graduate Kneip-hof Gymnasium, 1884. M. D., 1890, University of Konigsberg.Removed from Poland to Konigsberg, 1873; denied naturalizationrights on account of anti-Semitic prejudices; came to America,1890. Married Lizzie Maud Dreyfus. Senior resident physicianMontefiore Home for Chronic Invalids, 1890-1895; instructor NewYork Polyclinic, 1893-1900; physician in Throat and Ear Depart-ment Mt. Sinai Hospital, 1895-1897; and to New York City Boardof Health, 1896-1902. Address: 68 West 117th, New York.

Block, Morris. Mayor of City of Kingston, New York. BornNovember 6, 1862, Kingston. Son of Marx Block and HenriettaFogle. Educated at Kingston. Has been county supervisor, alder-man, first president Board of Aldermen, city treasurer, and hasserved two terms as Mayor. Address: 29 Abruyn, Kingston,New York.

Bloomfield, Fannie. See Zeisler, Fannie Bloomfield.

*Bloomfield, Maurice. Professor Sanskrit and ComparativePhilology, Johns Hopkins University. Born February 23, 1855,Bielitz, Austria. A.M., 1877, Furman University, S. C; Ph.D.,1879, Johns Hopkins University; LL. D., 1896, Princeton Univer-sity. Married Rose Zeisler. Edited for first time from originalSanskrit manuscripts the Sutra of Kaugika; translated theAtharva-Veda in the Sacred Books of the East (edited by Max


Miiller); author of The Atharva-Veda and the Gopatha-Brah-mana, 1899; edited, with Richard Garbe, the Kashmirian Paip-palada-Veda, 1901. Contributor to numerous learned journals andreviews on subjects connected with history, religion, mythology,and literature of ancient India; on Sanskrit, Greek, Latin, andcomparative grammar; on ethnology and science of religions.Member German Oriental Society; American Oriental Society;American Philological Association; honorary member Royal Bohe-mian Society, Prague. Address: 861 Park Av., Baltimore, Md.

Bloomgarden, Sol. Merchant. Born April, 1870, Wirballen,Lithuania. Son of Caleb Bloomgarden. Educated for the rab-binate; self-taught in secular subjects. Came to New York, 1892;went to Colorado on account of ill-health, 1899. Writes Yiddishverses under nom de plume " Yehoash." Early verses publishedin Perez's Juedisch Bibliotheca. Has written some English verses.Address: 722 Twenty-fourth, Denver, Colo.

Bloomingdale, Charles, Jr. (nom de plume, " K a r l " ) . Adver-tising Manager Welsbach Company; Author. Born March 16,1868, Philadelphia, Pa. Son of Charles Bloomingdale and Caro-line Cadette Elfelt. Graduate Philadelphia private schools, pub-lic schools, high school, University of Pennsylvania (1887). Mar-ried Katherine Fleck. Editor and owner: Music and Drama;Footlights; Stageland. Was department editor "Up the Streetand down again," Philadelphia Press, and dramatic editor ofvarious Philadelphia papers. Writer of short stories, sketches,and society verse. Wrote libretto of a travesty on comic opera,The Sighing Dutchman, produced at the Mercantile Club, Phila-delphia, 1903. Author: Mr., Miss and Mrs., 1899; A Failure,1904. Address: 210 South 11th, Philadelphia.

Bloomingdale, Emanuel Watson. Merchant. Born November25, 1852, Rome, New York. Son of Benjamin Bloomingdale andHannah Weil. LL. B., 1877, Columbia University. Married Janu-ary 3, 1877, Adele Bernheimer. Republican presidential elector,1900; trustee National McKinley Memorial Association; managerSociety for Reformation of Juvenile Delinquents; president Re-tail Dry Goods Association; director Jewish Protectory, New YorkAddress: 42 West 69th, New York.

Bloomingdale, Joseph B. Retired Merchant. Born December22, 1842, New York City. Son of Benjamin Bloomingdale andHannah Weil. Educated New York public schools. MarriedClara Koffman. Vice-president Hebrew Technical Institute;United States Savings Bank. Address: 78 Fifth Av., New York.


Bloomingdale, Lyman G. Merchant. Born February 11, 1841,New York City. Son of Benjamin Bloomingdale and HannahWeil. Educated at New York public schools and Smith's Colle-giate Institute. Married Hattie Collenberger. Treasurer Monte-flore Home for Chronic Invalids, and Temple Beth-El; ex-presi-dent Isaiah Lodge, Independent Order B'nai B'rith; and Excel-sior Lodge, Kesher Shel Barzel. Member Chamber of Commerce;Lafayette Post; educational, charitable, and civic institutions;president and director Walters Piano Company, and Arcade RealtyCompany; director Hudson Oil Company, and Vulcan DetinningCompany. Patron Metropolitan Museum of Art. A founder ofMonteflore Home Country Sanitarium for Consumptives at Bed-ford Station, N. Y. Served in Civil War as non-commissionedofficer in Kansas Volunteers. Address: Third Av. and 59th, NewYork.

Blumenberg, Louis. Violoncello Soloist. Born Baltimore, Md.Son of Julius J. Blumenberg and Fanny Baer. Educated at Balti-more. Has travelled extensively, giving concerts in the UnitedStates, Canada, Mexico, and also in parts of Europe. Address:St. James Building, New York.

Blumenberg, Marc A. Editor-in-chief Musical Courier of NewYork. Born May 21, 1851, Baltimore, Md. Son of Julius J.Blumenberg and Fanny Baer. Graduate public schools, and LoyolaCollege, Baltimore. Studied musical literature and art in Europe.Married Ruth Bailhache. President Blumenberg Press. Wasmusical critic of Baltimore American. Has written articles andessays on musical subjects. Expert in acoustics, construction,evolution and tradition of old and modern musical instruments.Musical Courier, and Blumenberg Press received Grand Prix, ParisExposition, 1900, for artistic and literary productions. Address:1135 Broadway, New York.

Blumenthal, Mark. Physician. Born July 11, 1831, Altenstadt,Bavaria, Germany. Son of Lawrence Blumenthal and RebeckaMayer. Educated at Academy, Chambersburg, Pa.; Central HighSchool, Philadelphia; M. D., 1852, College of Physicians and Sur-geons, New York University. Married Selina Asch (deceased).Was assistant physician Blackwell's Island Hospital (1852);deputy coroner New York City (1853); physician Mt. Sinai Hos-pital (1855-1859); Northeastern Dispensary; Institute for DeafMutes; surgeon New York State National Guard; consulting phy-sician Home for the Aged; member and officer New York Academyof Medicine; president Physicians' Mutual Aid, NorthwesternMedical and Surgical Society, The Medical Union, and for twelve


years of Institute for Improved Instruction of Deaf Mutes; trusteeand president of medical board United Hebrew Charities; trusteeCongregation Shearith Israel; etc. Contributed papers to medicaljournals. Address: 123 West 87th, New York.

Blumenthal, Maurice B. Lawyer. Born 1870, New York City.Son of Benjamin Blumenthal and grandson of Simon Blumen-thal, first Rabbi Congregation Rodeph Shalom. Educated inNew York City public schools, College City of New York, andNew York University. Was for some years editor of the LiteraryReview; admitted to bar, 1891. Organized, 1895, and still presidesover the speakers' bureau, permanent auxiliary of Tammany HallExecutive Committee. Repeatedly delegate to county and Stateconventions of Democratic party; was one of the candidates forPresidential elector, 1896; appointed assistant district attorney,1898; deputy attorney general New York State, 1903. Address:35 Nassau, New York City.

Boas, Franz. Anthropologist. Born July 9, 1858, Minden, West-phalia. Studied at Universities of Heidelberg and Bonn; Ph.D.,1891, Kiel. Spent the year 1882 at Berlin, preparing for arcticvoyage; sailed to Cumberland Sound, Baffin's Land, 1883; travelledthere until 1884; wrote results of voyage and studied, at NationalMuseum, Washington, 1884-1885; assistant Royal EthnographicalMuseum, Berlin, and docent of geography University of Berlin,1885-1886; went to British Columbia to study Indians and carriedon investigations in that area for British Association for theAdvancement of Science, and after 1897 for American Museumof Natural History, New York; directed operations and publica-tions, Jesup North Pacific expedition; assistant editor Science,1886-1888; docent of anthropology Clark University, 1888-1892;chief assistant Department of Anthropology, World's ColumbianExposition; lecturer, 1895, professor, 1898, anthropology, Colum-bia University; assistant curator, 1896, curator, 1901, DepartmentAnthropology, American Museum Natural History. MemberNational Academy of Science; fellow American Association forthe Advancement of Science; corresponding member Anthropo-logical Societies of Berlin, Moscow, Paris, Rome, Vienna, Wash-ington, of Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland,and of American Antiquarian and Numismatic Society. Author:Baffin Land, 1885; The Central Eskimo; Chinook Texts, 1894;Indianische Sagen von der Nordwestkiiste Amerikas, 1895; SocialOrganization and Secret Societies of the Kwakintl Indians, 1898;Kathlamet Texts, 1900; The Eskimo of Baffin Land and HudsonBay, 1901; Kwakintl Texts, 1901-1902; Triunbian Texts, 1902; alsoreports to United States National Museum, British Association


for the Advancement of Science, etc. Address: American MuseumNatural History, Central Park, New York City.

Borofsky, Samuel Hyman. Law Stationer, Justice of the Peace,Notary Public. Born April, 1865, at Wolkovyshki, Suwalk, Rus-sian Poland. Son of Mendel (Poven) Borofsky and Rebecca Tou-vim. Educated at Wolkovyshki, and Manchester, England. Mar-ried Ettie Wilensky. Justice of the peace since 1891; notarypublic since 1894; member Boston City Council, 1898; Massa-chusetts House of Representatives, 1900-1901; captain 6th Com-pany Infantry Massachusetts Provisional Militia, 1898-1899; pres-ident Helping Hand Temporary Home for Destitute Jewish Chil-dren, 1899-1902, and life director; member Executive CouncilFederation of American Zionists, 1903-1904; and connected withother Jewish charitable, fraternal, and social organizations.Author: The Pemberton, Lawyer's Diary and Director (for Massa-chusetts). Contributor to Jewish periodicals, and other papers.Office: 11-15 Pemberton Sq. Residence: 34 McLean, Boston,Mass.

Brachfield, Charles L. State Senator, Eighth District, Texas.Born January 10, 1871, Vicksburg, Miss. Son of Benjamin Brach-field and Yetta Baruch. Educated in Texas public schools. Wasjudge of County Court, Rusk County, Texas: Address: Hen-derson, Tex.

*Brandeis, Lewis Dembitz. Lawyer. Born November 13, 1856,Louisville, Ky. Son of Adolph Brandeis and Fredericka Dem-bitz. Educated in Louisville public and high schools. AttendedAnnen Realschule, Dresden, 1873-1875; graduate Harvard LawSchool, 1877 (honorary A.M.). Married Alice Goldmark. Ad-mitted to bar, 1878; has practiced law in Boston and New York.Contributor to legal reviews. Member of Phi Beta Kappa (Har-vard) .

Brenner, Jacob. Commissioner of Jurors of Kings County, N. Y.Born April 8, 1857, New York City. Son of Simon Brenner andCaroline Alexander. Educated in Brooklyn public schools. Wascounsel to Police and Excise Departments City of Brooklyn;police justice City of Brooklyn; city magistrate City of NewYork. Was member Kings County Republican Committee fortwenty-four years; chairman Executive Committee Kings CountyRepublican Committee, four terms. Address: 26 Court, Brooklyn.

Brenner, Victor David. Medailleur, Sculptor. Born June 12,1871, Shavli, Russia. Son of George Brenner. Educated in

5


Russia and at Paris. Arrived New York, 1890; went to Paris,1898, pupil of L. O. Roty; honorable mention Salon, 1900; medal,Paris Exposition, 1900; medal, Buffalo, 1901. Has works in ParisMint, Munich Glyptothek, Vienna Numismatic Society, New YorkNumismatic Society, Metropolitan Museum of Art, and BostonMuseum. Address: 147 West 23d, New York.

Brickner, Samuel M. Gynaecologist and Obstetrician. BornJanuary 11, 1867, Rochester, N. Y. Son of Max Brickner andCaroline Wile. A. B., 1888, A.M., 1891, University of Rochester;M. D., 1891, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia Univer-sity, New York; pursued courses at Universities of Berlin andVienna. Married Josephine Hays. Was adjunct gynecologist, Mt.Sinai Hospital; gynaecologist to Mt. Sinai Hospital Dispensary;and gynaecologist to Good Samaritan Dispensary, New York. Resi-dent physician Sloane Maternity Hospital, 1891; interne Mt. SinaiHospital, 1891-1894. Fellow New York Academy of Medicine;member American Anthropological Society; New York State Medi-cal Society; New York State Medical Association, and other medi-cal societies. Literary editor New York Medical Journal; con-tributor to Appleton's Annual Cyclopaedia, and Foster's ReferenceBook of Practical Therapeutics. Translator, with Dr. N. E. Brill,of Klemperer's Clinical Diagnosis, 1898. Articles in AmericanJournal of Obstetrics, Zeitschrift fur Geburtshilfe und Gyna-kologie, New York Medical News, American Medicine, AmericanJournal of the Medical Sciences, New York Medical Journal,Pediatrics, etc. Address: 136 West 85th, New York.

Bril, Isaac L. Associate Editor of The American Hebrew. BornAugust 22, 1874, Mainz, Germany. Son of Jechiel Bril (founderand editor of The Lebanon) and Sarah Sapir. Educated atDr. Lehmann's Religionsschule, Mainz, Old Castle Street BoardSchool, and Jews' College, London. Married Marie Raivid. Wasassistant editor The Vegetarian, London; The German Times, Ber-lin, Germany; Jewish World, London; member of editorial staffJewish Chronicle, London; editor English Department JewishWorld, New York. At present secretary New York CommitteeJewish Publication Society of America. Contributor to daily andweekly papers and magazines in England and the United States;Jewish Encyclopedia; American Year Book and Encyclopedia;Jewish Year Book, London. Translator: Die Klatsche, by Men-dele Mocher Sphorim. Address: 752 St. Ann's Av., Bronx, NewYork.

Brounoff, Platon G. Teacher of voice and piano, Lecturer Boardof Education, Composer, Author. Born May 10, 1863, at Eliza-


bethgrad, Russia. Son of Gregory Brounoff. Graduate MusicalAcademy, Warsaw, Imperial Conservatory, St. Petersburg, pupilof Rubinstein and Rimsky Korsakoff. Doctor of Music and M. A.,Warsaw and St. Petersburg. Married Annie Rombro. ConductorRussian Imperial Orchestra; Ladies' Concordia Society; People'sMale Chorus; Russian Choral Society; assistant conductor toFrank Damrosch at People's Choral Union. Founded Liberal ArtSociety, 1903; member Manuscript Society of American com-posers. Conducted forty-three concerts, orchestral and instru-mental, of Russian music, in this country. Musical works: TheEmancipation of the Slaves (symphonic overture); Angel (can-tata); In the Russian Village (symphonic suite); In the FlowerGarden (suite for piano); Songs of Freedom (song album);songs, piano compositions, etc. Literary works: Stolen Corres-pondence; Types and Sketches of the Ghetto; The Pawnbroker(a drama); The Czar's Correspondence with Uncle Sam's Nephew;articles on art, literature, etc., in magazines. Address: 251 EastBroadway, New York.

Broyde, Isaac. Office Editor Jewish Encyclopedia. Born Feb-ruary 23, 1867, at Porozomo, Grodno, Russia. Son of SolomonBroyd§ and Malka Leshchinski. Educated at Grodno Gymnasium.Diplome, 1892, Paris Ecole des Langues Orientales; diplome, 1894,Ecole des Hautes Etudes, section des Sciences Historiques etPhilologiques. Was Librarian Alliance Israelite Universelle; pro-fessor of Arabic at La Society de Propagation des Langues Etran-geres en France. Author: Resume des Reflexions sur l'ame deBahya ben Joseph ibn Pakuda, 1894; Tarat ha-Nefesh; R§-flexions sur l'ame de Bahya ben Joseph ibn Pakuda, translatedfrom the Arabic into Hebrew, with notes and introduction, 1894;La Prise de Jerusalem par les Perses, sous Heraclius, translatedfrom an old Arabic manuscript in Count Couret's collection ofdocuments relating to the Crusades, 1896. Address: 1753 Lexing-ton Av., New York.

Brudno, Ezra S. Lawyer, Author. Born May 28, 1877, Lith-uania, Russia. Son of Isaac Brudno and Hannah Model. Edu-cated by private tutors in Russia; in Cleveland high school,Adelbert College of the Western Reserve University, and YaleLaw School. Author: The Fugitive. Articles in the Arena,World's Work, Bookman, etc. Address: 227 Society for SavingsBuilding, Cleveland, O.

Brunner, Arnold W. Architect. Born September 25, 1857,New York. Son of William Brunner and Isabella Solomon.Educated at New York, and Manchester, England. Was vice-president N.§w York Chapter American Institute of Architects;


president Architectural League; member Board of Education,New York, and Board of Supervision of Public Buildings andGrounds, Cleveland, O. Architect: Mt. Sinai Hospital, New York;United States Federal Building, Cleveland; Jewish TheologicalSeminary; Educational Alliance Building; Temple Beth El; Syna-gogue Shearith Israel; School of Mines, Columbia College; ParkPavilions; public baths, all in New York. Author: InteriorDecorations; Cottages. Contributor to Russell Sturgis' Diction-ary of Architecture. Residence: 1748 Broadway. Office: 33Union Square West, New York.

Buchhalter, Julius. Hebrew Teacher. Born August 17, 1860, atMariampol, Suwalk, Russian Poland. Son of Hayim Buchhalterand Freda Angenizky. Educated at the Suwalk Talmudical Col-lege and privately. Married Hadassa Kahan. Assistant editorHa-Zeflrah, 1886-1887. Secretary Union of Orthodox Hebrew Con-gregations of the United States and Canada; secretary to latechief rabbi Jacob Joseph. Contributed articles to Ha-Zeflrah, Ha-Melitz, Ha-Asif, Ha-Ibri. Author of Hebrew poems. Address:331 E. 89th, New York.

Buttenwieser, Moses. Professor of Exegesis, Hebrew UnionCollege, Cincinnati, O. Born April 5, 1862, Beerfelden, Hessen,Germany. Son of Simon Buttenwieser and Bella Saalheimer.Studied at Praparandenschule, Schwabach; Realgymnasium, Kis-singen; Lehrerseminar, Wiirzburg; and Universities of Wiirzburgand Leipzig. Ph. D., 1896, Heidelberg. Married Ellen Clune,Ph. D. (Heidelberg!. Held teacher's position in private schools,Wiirzburg; school of the Jewish Congregation in Tarnowitz,Silesia, and in Leipzig. Author: Die hebraische Elias-Apokalypseund ihre Stellung in der apokalyptischen Literatur des rabbini-schen Schriftthums und der Kirche; articles in the Hebrew UnionCollege Journal and Annual, and in Die israelitische Hausfrauen-Zeitung (Leipzig, 1892-93), and reviews in American Journal ofTheology, and American Journal of Semitic Languages. Address:2 Park Place, Mt. Auburn, Cincinnati, O.

•Cahan, Abraham. Journalist, Author. Born July 7, I860,Wilna, Russia. Graduate Wilna Teachers' Institute. MarriedAnna Braunstein. Came to the United States, 1882; edited aweekly newspaper and monthly magazine in Yiddish; contributorto leading periodicals since 1887. Author: Yekl, A Tale of theNew York Ghetto; The Imported Bridegroom and Other Stories;The Chasm. Residence: 312 Second Av., New York.

Cantor, Jacob A. Lawyer. Born December 6, 1854, New York.Son of Henry Cantor and Hannah Hanau (daughter of Rabbi of


Duke's Place Synagogue, London). Educated in New York publicschools and high school; LL. B., 1875, New York University.Married Lydia Greenebaum. Member Assembly State of NewYork, 1885, 1886, 1887. Was member of judiciary and other com-mittees of Assembly and Senate; State Senator and Democraticleader in State Senate, 1888-1898; chairman Finance CommitteeNew York State Senate; president Senate, acting Lieutenant Gov-ernor, 1892-1893; president Borough of Manhattan (old New York),1902-1903. At present chairman Committee on Highways andParks, City Improvement Commission, appointed by mayor ofNew York. Delegate at large from City of New York to Demo-cratic National Convention of 1896. Declined to support WilliamJ. Bryan, although Democratic leader in State Senate. Receivedvotes for governor in the Democratic State Convention, 1902.Was reporter on New York World several years. Has made publicaddresses and contributions to magazines and other periodicals.Identified with all Jewish charities. Residence: 9 W. 70th.Office: 25 Broad, New York.

Cardozo, Michael H. Lawyer. Born January 12, 1851, NewYork City. Son of Abraham H. Cardozo and Sarah N. Peixotto.Educated in New York public schools. B. S., College City of NewYork; LL. B., University Law School. Married Rosalie Hart.Was Supreme Court Examiner for admission to bar of State ofNew York; member Executive Bar Association City of New York;chairman Executive Committee New York Law Institute. Ad-dress: 128 Broadway, New York.

*Carvalho, David Nunes. Expert in handwriting and inks.Born September 29, 1848, Philadelphia, Pa. Son of S. N. Car-valho (artist) and Sarah Solis. Graduate New York Free Acad-emy (now College City of New York). Pursued special studiesin organic chemistry, photography, light, and color. MarriedAnnie Abrams. Handwriting expert since 1876; separated whitelight into complementary parts in order to absorb the actinic rayson the sensitive plate, 1880, the present chromatic processes beingbased on this principle; official grand jury handwriting expertNew York, 1881-1899; first to make photographs on celluloid, 1883;first to restore in open court fraudulently bleached out hand-writing, 1884; city librarian in charge of archives, 1885, thusenabled to study ancient writing and ink; president New YorkState Reformatory for Women, 1892-1899; testified during twenty-five years in over 1000 cases where handwriting was in dispute.Has contributed extensively to magazines. Author: Forty Cen-turies of Ink, 1904. Residence: Far Rockaway, N. Y. Office:265 Broadway, New York.


Cohen, Abraham. Associate in Mathematics, Johns HopkinsUniversity. Born September 11, 1870, Baltimore, Md. Son ofSimon Cohen and Theresa Brafm|tn. Educated at Zion School,and Baltimore City College. A. B. 1891, and Ph.D. 1894, JohnsHopkins University; studied at the Sorbonne, Paris. Married LeeM. Bren. Co-editor American Journal of Mathematics; memberBoard of Trustees Hebrew Orphan Asylum; chairman ReligiousSchool Board Oheb Shalom Congregation. Writer: On FunctionsAnalogous to the Theta-Functions; Notes (mimeographed) inconnection with courses at University. Address: Johns HopkinsUniversity, Baltimore, Md.

*Cohen, Alfred J. (nom de plume, Alan Dale). Dramatic Critic,Author. Born May 14, 1861, Birmingham, England. Educated atKing Edward's School, Birmingham. Married Carrie LivingstonFrost. Came to America, 1886, and engaged in journalism.Dramatic critic for New York World, 1887-1895; New York Jour-nal, since 1895. Author: Jonathan's Home; A Marriage belowZero; His own Image; Conscience on Ice; and other books. Resi-dence: 110 St. Nicholas Av. Office: New York Journal, NewYork.

Cohen, Alfred M. Attorney-at-law. Born October 19, 1859,Cincinnati, O. Son of Morton S. Cohen and Phebe Phillips.Educated in Cincinnati public schools. LL. B., 1880, Law School.Married Millie Phillips. Was member City Council, Cincinnati;for four years successively represented Hamilton County, O., inSenate of Ohio; member Board of Governors Hebrew Union Col-lege; president Young Men's Hebrew Association, Cincinnati, andUnited Young Men's Hebrew Associations of America. Now secre-tary Congregation Bene Israel of Cincinnati. Nominated formayor of Cincinnati, 1900. For some years on staff of CincinnatiCommercial. Wrote many editorials on Jewish topics. Address:S. W. corner 3d and Walnut, Cincinnati, O.

Cohen, David (da Silva) Solis. Lawyer. Born in Philadelphia.Son of Myer David Cohen and Judith Simiah da Silva Solis.Married Bertha Kahn, Portland, Ore. Commissioner of Charitiesand Corrections State of Oregon and Police Commissioner Port-land, 1892-1894, 1898-1902. One of the founders of Young Men'sHebrew Associations, Philadelphia, San Francisco, and Portland.Founded and dedicated synagogues in Oakland, Cal.; Seattle,Wash.; and Portland. President Portland Zionist Society. Con-nected in various capacities with Order of United Workmen,Independent Order B'nai B'rith, Masonic lodges, Benevolent andProtective Order of Elks. Has contributed to editorial and liter-


ary columns of religious, literary, and sociologic periodicals, inPhiladelphia, New York, California, and Oregon. Author: DaisyShortcut Papers; plays; stories for children; poems. Address:Washington Building, 4th and Washington, Portland, Ore.

Cohen, Jacob Solis. Honorary professor laryngology, JeffersonMedical College, Philadelphia; Emeritus professor of Diseases ofThroat and Chest, Philadelphia Polyclinic and College for Grad-uates in Medicine; consulting physician to Protestant EpiscopalCity Mission, Philadelphia, and to Hospital for Diseases of theLungs, Chestnut Hill. Born February 28, 1838, New York City.Son of Myer David Cohen and Judith Slmira Solis. A. B., 1854,Central High School, Philadelphia; M. D., 1860, University ofPennsylvania. Studied also at Jefferson Medical College. MarriedMiriam Binswanger. Was President Philadelphia County Medi-cal Society; Northern Medical Association; American Laryngo-logical Association; professor Physiology Wagner Institute, Phila-delphia; assistant surgeon 26th Regiment Pennsylvania Volun-teers; acting assistant surgeon United States Navy; acting assist-ant surgeon United States Army, 1861-64. Consulting physician toJewish Hospital, Philadephia, 1866; physician to German Hospi-tal, 1871-1888; and to Jefferson Hospital, 1877-1888. Lectured,1870, on Acoustics in Franklin Institute, Philadelphia; deliveredan illustrated course of four lectures on Acoustics, 1872, at theopening of Stevens' Institute of Technology, Hoboken; and Muttercourse on Surgical Pathology before College of Physicians, Phila-delphia, 1872. Honorary member of societies in United States,France, and Great Britain. Author: A Treatise on Inhalation, itsTherapeutics and Practice, 1866; Diseases of the Throat andNasal Passages, 1872; Croup in its Relation to Tracheotomy, 1874;The Throat and Voice, 1879. Numerous contributions to encyclo-pedic works, systems of medicine, and medical journals. Office:1824 Chestnut, Philadelphia. Residence: Abbotsford and Wissa-hickon Avs., Germantown, Pa.

Cohen, Jessica. Editor Jewish Review and Observer, Cleve-land. Born July 11, 1869, Cleveland, O. Daughter of EliasCohen. Educated in Cleveland public, high, and normal schools.Correspondent Jewish Voice, St. Louis; for five years associateeditor Jewish Spectator, Memphis, Tenn.; teacher HarmonNight School for foreigners. Member and for one year vice-president Ohio Woman's Press Club. Was member ExecutiveBoard Council of Jewish Women. A founder of the Library ofthe Council Educational Alliance. Has written magazine articles.Address: 109 Beech, Cleveland, 0.

NEW YORK U N I / 1 7 3 TYWJtSaUiCTiil Wtil C3LLEGE• LIBRARY •


Cohen, Katherine M. Sculptor. Born March 18, 1859, Phila-delphia, Pa. Daughter of Henry Cohen and Matilda Samuel.Educated Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts; under AugustusSt. Gaudens, New York; Mercie, Puech, and MacMonnies, Paris;and Friedrich Beer, Florence. Works: portrait busts and bas-reliefs; groups in bronze, marble, terra-cotta, and plaster; minia-tures on ivory; portraits and landscapes in oil and water color.Address: care J. S. Morgan and Company, London, England.

Cohen, Max. Editor and Proprietor of Views, an InsuranceJournal. Born January 26, 1846, Lowenberg, Germany. Son ofEdward Cohen and Ricka Kahn. Eucated at Lowenberg andLiegnitz. Married Esther E. Schwartz. Enlisted, 1862, in 3dIndiana Cavalry; discharged as a minor; worked as compositor inGovernment Printing Office, and re-enlisted. Worked on NewYork Herald and Washington Chronicle. Engaged, 1876, in print-ing and newspaper advertising business. Studied the science andproblem of life insurance, especially in relation to the fraternalorders. Superintendent New York Life Insurance Company forNorthern Pennsylvania, 1877-1878. Secretary and treasurer He-brew Orphans Home, Atlanta, Ga., since 1896. Author: Gar-field Souvenirs; Gems of Press and Pulpit; Reminiscences ofGreat Men; pamphlets and newspaper articles on the fallacy ofthe assessment system of insurance in vogue among the fraternalorders. Address: 509 Seventh, N. W., Washington, D. C.

Cohen, Max. Lawyer. Born June 11, 1853, New York City.Son of Julius Cohen and Bertha Fernbach. Educated in NewYork public schools. LL. B., 1893, New York Law School. Mar-ried Sarah Rouse. Civil Service Commissioner City of Yonkers,and secretary of Board. Lecturer New York Board of EducationFree Lecture course, 1901-1904. Was librarian of MaimonidesLibrary for twelve years; director Jewish Theological Seminaryof America for ten years; editorial writer The American Hebrewfor twelve years. Contributed articles to The Sun, Evening Post,New York Times. Contributor to Jewish Encyclopedia. Office: 45Warburton Av. Residence: 157 Hawthorne Av., Yonkers, N. Y.

Cohen, Mendes. Civil Engineer. Born May 4, 1831, Baltimore,Md. Son of David I. Cohen and Harriett Cohen. Educated in Balti-more private schools. Married Justina Nathan. Held subordinatepositions in service of Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, 1851-1855; as-sistant superintendent Hudson River Railroad, 1855-1861; vice-president and later president Ohio and Mississippi Railroad Com-pany, 1861-1863; superintendent Reading and Columbia Railroad,1864-1866; president's assistant and comptroller Lehigli Coal and


Navigation Company, 1868-1871; president Pittsburg and Connells-ville Railroad Company, 1873-1875; director in board of same Com-pany, 1873-1903; chairman Sewerage Commisson City of Baltimore,from 1892; member of board appointed in 1894 by the Presidentof the United States, under the river and harbor act of August,1894, to examine and determine route for construction of theChesapeake and Delaware Canal; member Art Commission Cityof Baltimore since its establishment; corresponding secretaryMaryland Historical Society, 1894-1904, president since 1904;member American Society Civil Engineers since 1867, and presi-dent in 1892. Has written numerous official reports. Address:825 North Charles, Baltimore, Md.

Cohen, Morris Raphael. Tutor of Mathematics, College Cityof New York. Born July, 1880, Minsk, Russia. Son of AbrahamMordecai Cohen and Bessie Farfel. Received Talmudic educa-tion at Nesvizh, Minsk, under Rabbi Joseph Beer. Entered NewYork public schools in 1892. B. S., 1900, College City of NewYork; M. A., 1904, Columbia University. Teacher Davidson Col-legiate Institute, 1900-1901; New York public schools, 1901-1902;president Thomas Davidson class at Educational Alliance, 1899;a founder of Branch B of Educational Alliance. Has writtenarticles for The American Hebrew, Alliance Review, Jewish World.Address: 58 E. 106th, New York.

Cohen, Solomon (da Silva) Solis. Physician, Professor of Clin-ical Medicine in Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia. Born inPhiladelphia. Son of Myer David Cohen and Judith Simiah (daSilva) Solis. Educated in Philadelphia public schools. A. B.,1872; A.M., 1877, Central High School; M. D., 1883, JeffersonMedical College. Studied Hebrew literature under Rev. Dr. S.Morais. Married Emily Grace da Silva Solis. Professor Medicineand Therapeutics, Philadelphia Polyclinic, 1887-1902; lecturer onTherapeutics, Dartmouth Medical College, 1890, 1892; lecturer onSpecial Therapeutics, Jefferson Medical College, 1887-1890; physi-cian to Jewish Hospital since 1887; to Philadelphia General Hos-pital since 1890; to Rush Hospital for Consumption since 1892; toJefferson Medical College Hospital, since 1900. President Phila-delphia County Medical Society, 1898, 1899; recorder Associationof American Physicians, since 1900; recorder Medical Jurispru-dence Society, 1887-1890. President Young Men's Hebrew Associa-tion, 1884; Pegasus, 1901, 1902. One of the founders and memberEditorial Board of The American Hebrew; one of the foundersand trustee (until the merger), Jewish Theological Seminary ofAmerica; one of the founders of Jewish Publication Society ofAmerica, trustee, and at present member of its Publication Com-

6


mittee; Trustee Gratz College, K. K. Mickv§ Israel Congregation.Fellow College of Physicians, Philadelphia; and American Associa-tion for the Advancement of Science. Chairman Therapeutic Sec-tion American Medical Association, 1903. Member, honorary mem-ber, and corresponding member of various learned bodies. Namedand first described disease known as Vasomotor ataxia, 1893.Author: Essentials of Medical Diagnosis (with A. A. Eshner),1892, 1902; Therapeutics of Tuberculosis, 1891; clinical lectures,addresses to learned societies, contributions to American and for-eign medical periodicals, Foster's Practical Therapeutics, Cyclo-pedia Practical Medicine, Reference Handbook Medical Sciences,etc. Editor: System Physiologic Therapeutics (eleven volumes),1901-1904. Writer of essays on historical, religious, and sociologictopics, and of verses. Translator of Hebrew poems. Address:1525 Walnut, Philadelphia, Pa.

*Cohn, Adolphe. Professor of Romance Languages and Litera-ture, Columbia University, since 1891. Born May 29, 1851, Paris,France. Son of Albert Cohn and Mathilde Lowengard. Graduate,1868; LL. B., 1873, University of Paris; archiviste PalgographeEcole Nationale des Chartes, Paris, 1874. Volunteer in FrenchArmy during Franco-Prussian war, 1870-1871; came to New York,1875; tutor in French, Columbia University, 1882; instructor,1882-1884; instructor in French, 1884-1885; and assistant professorof French, 1885-1891, in Harvard University. Honorary presidentAlliance Franchise; Knight of the Crown of Italy; ChevalierLegion d'Honneur. Author: Voltaire's Prose (with Dr. B. D.Woodward), 1897; Le Sage's Gil Bias (with R. Sanderson), 1899.Contributor to American literary magazines and Parisian jour-nals. Address: Columbia University, New York.

Cohn, Morris M. Attorney-at-law. Born March 14, 1852, NewAlbany, Ind. Son of Mathias A. Cohn and Therese Koebner.Educated in Cincinnati public schools; private courses in lan-guages, law, and philosophy; B. L., Arkansas State UniversityLaw School. Married Addie M. Ottenheimer. Was member Gen-eral Council American Bar Association for Arkansas; presidentBoard of Trade and City Attorney of Little Rock, Ark.; chair-man Executive Committee, State Bar Association of Arkansas;school director Special School District of Little Rock; memberExecutive Committee, Union American Hebrew Congregations.Writer: Essay on the Growth of Law; An Introduction to theStudy of the Constitution; articles in the American Law Review;occasional contributions since 1873 to American Israelite, ReformAdvocate, and other Jewish periodicals. Address: Little Rock,Ark.


*Conried, Heinrich. Manager of Metropolitan Opera House,New York. Born September 13, 1855, Bielitz, Austria. Graduatedat Shoefterfield College, 1869. Married Augusta Sperling. Madehis debut as an actor at the Imperial Court Theatre, Vienna, Feb-ruary 23, 1873. Came to the United State 1878; became stagemanager of the Germania Theatre, and later manager of theIrving Place Theatre, New York, devoted entirely to "the Germandrama. Brought to America Sonnenthal, Kainz, Possart, andAgners Sorma, and has produced the plays of Hauptmann, Suder-mann, and others, as well as works of the classic dramatists.Delivered lectures on the drama at Yale and Columbia Univer-sities and the University of Pennsylvania. His company gave aperformance of Goethe's Iphigenie at Harvard University. Pro-duced Wagner's Parsifal at Metropolitan Opera House, 1903-1904.Received the order of Knighthood from Emperor Franz Joseph, ofAustria, and the gold medal of science and art from the King ofBelgium. Address: Metropolitan Opera House, New York.

*Cook, Simon. Lieutenant Commander, United States Navy.Born in Illinois. Entered service, June 10, 1873. Received pres-ent commission, August 30, 1900. At present on duty in NewYork. Address: Navy Department.

Cowen, Philip. Publisher The American Hebrew and JewishMessenger, and The Menorah Monthly Magazine. Born July 25,1853, New York. Son of Raphael Isaac Cowen and Julia Manasseh.Educated in New York public schools. Married Lillie Cohen.Supervisor City Record, 1902-1903. Publisher: Emma Lazarus'Songs of a Semite; Dr. Alexander Kohut's Ethics of the Fathers;Oscar S. Straus' Religious Liberty in the United States; Dr. K.Kohler's Guide for Instruction in Judaism; etc., etc. Office:489 Fifth Av. Residence: 485 Central Park West, New York.

D'Ancona, Arnold Abraham. Physician, Dean Medical De-partment University of California. Born April 29, 1860, Brook-lyn, N. Y. Son of David A. D'Ancona and Julia Davis. Educatedin New York and San Francisco public schools, and San FranciscoBoys' High School. A. B., 1880; M. D., 1884, Universiy of Cali-fornia. Married Lillian Mabel Bussenius. Was teacher publicschools. Professor of Hygiene, Academic Department; of Physi-ology, Medical and Dental Departments; dean of Medical Depart-ment; president Alumni Association, all of University of Cali-fornia. Now serving third term as member Board of Supervisorsof San Francisco. Address: 1022 Sutter, San Francisco, Cal.

Dantzig, Meyer Michael. Artist. Born January 9, 1876,Yanova, Russia. Sgn of Elias Joseph Dantzig and Sarah Slopo,


Educated in Philadelphia public schools; Industrial School of Artand Pennsylvania Museum; and Academy of Fine Arts. Studiedin Paris under Bonnat. Developed taste for drawing at six yearsof age; at ten, went to Cracow, Austria, where he made drawingsfrom old churches and copied figure work. Address: 114 E. 23d,New York.

Danziger, Adolphe. United States Consul at Madrid, Spain.Born in 1864. Educated by his father and at a German Gym-nasium, from which he was graduated at fourteen. Studiedat Breslau under Graetz and Levi, at Berlin under Geiger,and at the University of Bonn. Came to America in 1883.Wrote a series of articles for Die Westliche Post, St. Louis; filledpositions as rabbi of congregations at Vincennes, Ind., and Port-land, Ore. Studied medicine and dental surgery. Went to SanDiego, Cal., on account of ill-health; practiced dentistry thereand in San Francisco for seventeen years. Studied law, 1895,and practiced in California, but resumed dentistry. Editor ofChicago American Israelite, 1902. Appointed to consulship, 1903.Author: The Monk and the Hangman's Daughter (with AmbroseBierce), 1889; In the Confessional, 1893; A Man, A Woman,and a Million, 1902; Jewish Forerunners of Christianity, 1903,1904. Correspondent of Jewish Voice, St. Louis. Contributedshort stories, poems, and articles to various papers and period-icals. Address: American Consulate, Madrid, Spain.

Davidson, Israel. Semitic Scholar and Writer. Born July 27,1870, Yanova, Kovno, Russia. Son of David Movshowitz andRebecca Kohn. Educated at Talmudical College of R. IsaacElchanan Spector, Kovno, and New York public schools. A. B.,1895, College City of New York; Ph. D., 1902, Columbia University.Came to America in 1888. Fellow in Semitic Languages, Colum-bia University, 1900; lecturer on Jewish Literature, EducationalAlliance, 1898-1900; now visiting chaplain Sing Sing Prison andEastern New York Reformatory. Catalogued Hebrew and Arabicbooks in Columbia University. Author: Ha-Yehudi be-Safrut ha-Anglit, 1895; The Genesis of Hebrew Periodical Literature, 1900;Shylock, and Barabbas, 1901; Sholosh Halozot, 1904; Parody inJewish Literature (almost complete in MS.); Dictionary ofPseudonymes in Hebrew Literature (MS.) Contributed articlesto Jewish Encyclopedia and to Ha-Modia la-Chodashim, Ha-Maarabi, Ha-Ibri, and English periodicals. Address: 1702 Lex-ington Av., New York.

De Haas, Jacob. Secretary Federation American Zionists, Edi-tor The Maccabsean. Born August 13, 1872, London, England.

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES

Son of Aron de Haas and Anna Haerbleek (descent traceable toSpanish expulsion). Educated at London. Was Editor JewishWorld, London; and English Department Jewish World, NewYork; chairman and honorary secretary English Zionist Fede-ration; English Secretary to Dr. Theodor Herzl, 1896, and offour Zionist Congresses; English and American member GreaterActions-Committee of Zionist movement; one of the conveners offirst Zionist Congress; first Zionist to welcome Dr. Herzl in Eng-land. Author: Jewish Needs and Jewish Ideals, 1901; Zionism,Why and Wherefore, 1902; novels, stories, articles in daily pressand magazines. Address: 320 Broadway, New York.

Deinard, Ephraim. Collector of books and antiquities. Born,Iyar 15, 1846, Shossmaken, Courland, Russia. Son of JekuthielGerson Deinard and Leah Cohn. Entirely self-taught. MarriedMargolia Jaffe. Has made many journeys in America, Europe,Asia, and Africa. Organizer of first emigration to Palestine fromOdessa. Established a Jewish agricultural colony in Nevada,1897. Has collected a large Hebrew library and many rareJewish antiquities. Editor: Ha-Leomi, 1888-1889; the Patriot(Yiddish), 1892. Author: Atidut Yisrael, 1890; Milhamah la-Adonai be-Amalek, 1892; Hokmat Yehudah, 1890; Ha-Kundes,1893; Plaudersack (Yiddish), 1891; Or Meiir (catalogue of theSulzberger Library), 1896; Zemirat Am ha-Aretz, 1896; SifratZiyon, 1897; Kitot be-Yisrael, 1899; Zemir Arizim ha-Sheni, 1899;Zemir Arizim ha-Rishon, 1904; Hereb Hadah, 1904; Megillah Afah,1904; Bittul Ikre ha-Nozrim, 1904; Hodaat Baal Din, 1904; Dibreha-Yamim li-Bne Yisrael be-Tugarma (in press); Dibre ha-Yamimle-Ziyon be-Negeb Russya (in press). Address: 86 Windsor,Kearny, N. J.

Dembitz, Arthur Aaron. Instructor, since 1897, in Jewish His-tory, Gratz College, Philadelphia. Born February 24, 1870, Louis-ville, Ky. Son of Lewis Naphtali Dembitz and Wilhelmina Wehle.Educated in Louisville public and high schools. B. A., 1891, JohnsHopkins University. On editorial staff of The American Hebrew,New York, 1892-1897; teacher in school attached to CongregationZichron Ephraim, New York, and private teacher of Hebrew,1892-1897. Secretary Doreshe Da'ath Society, Philadelphia. Edi-tor Department Bible Lessons, Sabbath School Journal, Philadel-phia. Contributed articles to The American Hebrew, JewishExponent, Jewish Comment, under pseudonyms, " Uncle Arthur,""Aaron Dob," " Harun," and " Bakkol." Address: 1834 Frank-lin, Philadelphia, Pa.

Dembitz, Lewis N. Lawyer. Born February 3, 1833, at Zirke,province of Posen, Prussia. Son of Dr. Siegmund Zabulon Dem-


bitz and Francesca Wehle. Educated in city schools of Muenche-berg, Brandenburg; privately, and in Gymnasia of Frankfort,Sagan, and Glogau. Read law for one semester at Prague; withWalker and Kebler, Cincinnati, and with Dunn and Hendricks,Madison, Ind. Degree of Doctor of Hebrew Literature, JewishTheological Seminary of America, 1904. Married WilhelminaWehle. Assistant City Attorney for Louisville, in charge of taxmatters, 1884-1888; commissioner named by Kentucky Legisla-ture to draw Tax Law for Louisville, 1884; delegate to NationalRepublican Convention at Chicago that nominated Lincoln forPresident; drafted first American law establishing Australianballot (for Louisville city elections), 1888. Author: KentuckyJurisprudence, 1889; Law Language for Short Hand Writers,1892; Land Titles in United States, St. Paul, 1895; Jewish Ser-vices in Synagogue and Home, Jewish Publication Society ofAmerica, 1897; has written articles for Jewish Encyclopedia,mainly on Talmudic Jurisprudence, some on Liturgy; magazinearticles on different subjects. Address: 1211 First, Louisville,Ky.

Dittenhoefer, Abram Jesse. Lawyer. Born, March 17, 1836,Charleston, South Carolina. Educated in New York public schools.Graduate, 1856, Columbia College. Married Sophie Englehart(deceased). Admitted to bar at twenty-one. Appointed bythe governor of the State as Justice of the City Court, 1857.Resumed law practice at expiration of term. Presidential electorfor Lincoln and Johnson, 1864; declined position of United StatesDistrict Judge for South Carolina offered by President Lincoln;delegate to National Republican Convention, 1876; for twelveyears chairman Republican Central Committee of New York.Trustee Temple Emanu-El. Address: 96 Broadway, New York.

Dolitzky, Menahem Mendel. Journalist and Poet. Born Adar27, 1857, Bialystok, Russia. Son of Wolff Dolitzky and Eva Fox.Married Rachel Leah Shainak. Expelled from Moscow, 1892.Works: Likuy Shne ha-Meorot; Shebet Sofer; Nib Sefataim;Mi-bayit u-mi-hutz; Be-tok Lebaim; Kol Shire Menahem; ShireMenahem; Ha-Halom ve-Shibro; Neginot Sefat Ziyon; (in Yid-dish) Shtarker vun Eisen; Gebildeter Morder; Yiddishe Helden.Address: 311 Henry, New York.

Dreyfus, Wolfram E. Consulting Chemist. Born December 21,1864, Baden, Germany. Son of Salomon Dreyfus and AugustaSchnurman. Graduate Human. Gymnasium, Offenburg, Baden,1884; studied at University of Strassburg; Ph.D., 1900, Univer-sity of Munich. Married Emma Wachenheimer. Was assistant


instructor in chemistry, Columbia University, and chemist, De-partment Public Charities, New York; consulting chemist, Belle-vue Hospital, New York. Author: On Tragacanth, 1901; On theRelation of Chemical Constitution to Physiological Action, 1902;Hospital Formulary, 1903; Disinfectants and Antiseptics, 1904.Address: 557 W. 124th, New York.

Dropsie, Moses A. Lawyer (retired from practice). Born March9, 1821, Philadelphia. Son of Aaron M. Dropsie and AngenieteEngels. Was president Lombard and South Street PassengerRailroad Company; South Street Bridge Commission; and HebrewEducation Society. Now president Green and Coates PhiladelphiaPassenger Railway Company; Gratz College; and PhiladelphiaBranch Alliance Israelite Universelle. Translator: Mackeldey'sManual of the Roman Law; Roman Law of Testaments, Codicilsand Mortis Causa Donationes. Writer of a number of pamphlets.Address: 1316 North Broad, Philadelphia, Pa.

Edmonds, Roy Matthias. Journalist; on editorial staff St.Louis Republic. Born December 26, 1877, Houston, Texas. Sonof Joseph Edmonds and Josephine Bear. Educated in Houstonpublic schools. Was stenographer to the Governor of Texasthroughout the second administration of Joseph D. Sayers. Ad-dress: care St. Louis Republic, St. Louis, Mo.

Ehrich, Louis R. Dealer in antique paintings. Born January23, 1849, Albany, New York. Son of Joseph Ehrich and Re-becca Sporborg. Educated at Dr. Dulon's School, New York;Hopkins Grammar School, New Haven. A. B., 1869; A. M.,1872, Yale University. Took a course at University of Ber-lin, 1870. Married Henriette Minzesheimer. Was only dele-gate from Rocky Mountain region to Palmer-Buckner conven-tion, 1896; member National Committee, Gold Democratic Partyfor Colorado; executive committee Sound-Money League; execu-tive committee Anti-Imperialist League. Temporary chairmanThird Party Convention, Indianapolis, 1900. Was member firm ofEhrich Brothers, New York, until ill-health compelled sojourn inEurope, 1878-1885, and Colorado Springs, 1885-1903. Writer: TheQuestion of Silver; A Religion for all Time, 1892; A Cure forLabor Troubles, 1892; Perfection and the Democratic Party, 1904;various addresses. Address: 8 W. 33d, New York.

Ehrlich, Arnold Bogumil. Merchant. Born January 15, 1848,at Wlodowka, Russia. Son of Mordecai Ehrlich and Zelda Bieder-mann. Educated at Leipzig and Berlin. Married Miss Offner.Teacher of Hebrew at Temple Emanu-El Preparatory School for


the Hebrew Union College during the whole time of its existence;for eight years with United Hebrew Charities, New York: Author:Talmudic Chrestomathy; Mikra ki-Pheschuto, Biblical Scholia (3vols., in Hebrew); Die Psalmen, neu iibersetzt und erklart (inpress). Address: 123 E. 54th, New York.

Eichberg, Joseph. Physician. Born March 17, 1859, Cincin-nati, O. Son of Frederic Eichberg and Babette Friedlander.M. D., Miami Medical College. Married Stella Pritz. Visitingphysician Cincinnati Hospital; professor Theory and Practice ofMedicine, Miami Medical College. Address: 1105 E. McMillan,Cincinnati, O.

Einhorn, Max. Physician. Born January 10, 1862, Grodno,Russia. Son of Abraham Einhorn and Sara Hoffmann. Educatedat Posen, Riga, Kiev, Berlin. Married Flora Strauss. Professorof Medicine New York Post-Graduate Medical School; visitingphysician German Hospital and Beth Israel Hospital, New York.Author: Diseases of the Stomach, 1896; Diseases of the Intestines,1900; both having appeared in English, German, French, andJapanese. Address: 20 E. 63d, New York.

Einstein, Edwin. Born November 18, 1842, Cincinnati, O. Sonof Lewis Einstein and Judith Lewis. Studied at College City ofNew York; M. A., Union College, Schenectady, N. Y. MarriedFanny Hendricks. Member of Congress, 1879-1881; commissionerand treasurer New York City Department of Docks, 1895-1898.Republican candidate for mayor, 1892. Address: 524 Fifth Av.,New York.

Einstein, Lewis. Third Secretary of Embassy at Paris. Born1877, New York. Son of David L. Einstein and Caroline Fatman.B. A., 1898; M. A., 1899, Columbia University. Married HelenaRalle. General editor Humanists Library, Boston. Author: Ital-ian Renaissance in England, third edition, 1903; The Relationof Literature to History, 1903; Luigi Pulci and the MorganteMaggiore, 1902. Editor: Leonardo da Vinci, Thoughts on Artand Life, 1904. Address: American Embassy, Paris.

Eisendrath, Simeon B. Architect. Born 1869, Chicago, 111.Son of Benjamin Eisendrath and Therese Shoeneman. Educa-tion received in Chicago public schools, Chicago Training School,and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, Mass. Lec-turer on Architecture, Chicago high school, 1890-1893. As Commis-sioner of Buildings in mayor's cabinet, Chicago, elected 1894,instituted reforms which have been incorporated in the munici-


J)al code; served as building expert for Cook County, 111., in liti-gation over the construction of public buildings. Works: inChicago:—Home for Aged Jews, Home for Jewish Orphans,Michael Reese Hospital, Training School for Nurses of MichaelReese Hospital, " The Plymouth," the St. Germain Apartments;in Pittsburg:—Peacock Public Baths, Jewish Hospital, the Knick-erbocker Apartment Building (Allegheny); in New York:—TheCriterion Club. Address: 41 West 24th, New York.

Eisenstadt, Benzion. Hebrew Author. Born 1873, Kletzk,Minsk, Russia. Son of Moses Eisenstadt (sixth in descent fromMei'r Eisenstadt, the author of the Responsa Panim Me'irot) andBreina Leah Lipow. Educated at the Cheder and the publicschools of Kletzk, then studied under R. Nathan Handelsmannof Lubeshoff, Minsk, and completed his Talmudic studies atNesvizh, Deretchin (Grodno), and Eiseshok. Self-taught in secu-lar studies. Paid great attention to modern Hebrew literature.Wrote on the Song of Songs at the age of thirteen. Began topreach to congregations in many of the large cities of Rus-sia, 1894. Came to America in 1903. Contributed articles andreviews to Ha-Melitz; Ha-Zeflrah; Keneset ha-Gedolah; Ha-Magid;Talpiyot. Author: Ziyoni (poem in honor of 70th anniversaryof Wissotzki), 1894; Rabbane Minsk va-Hakameha, 1895, 1899;Dor Rabbanav ve-Soferav, Part I, 1895; Part II, 1900; Part III,1902; Part IV, 1903; Ve-zot li-Yehudah, commentary on Noda bi-Yehudah, 1900; printed with it in the edition of 1901; HakmeYisrael be-Amerika, 1903; Rabbi Eizil Harif, 1904. Address: 78Chrystie, New York.

Eisenstein, Julius (Judah) David. Writer. Born November 21,1855, Meseritz, Russian Poland. Son of Wolf Eisenstein andTaube Blume Borg. Taught by his grandfather, Azriel Selig Eisen-stein. Married Rebecca Cohen. Organizer, 1897, and presidentAmerican Congregation, the Pride of Jerusalem, which aids indi-gent American Jews in Palestine. Translated the Constitution ofthe United States and Declaration of Independence into Hebrewand Yiddish, with Hebrew notes, 1891. Author: Maamare Bi-koret (criticism of Rodkinson's Talmud translation); The Classi-fied Psalter, 1897; The Code of Life (modified text and transla-tion of Shulhan Aruk, Part I) , 1899. Has contributed numerousarticles, since 1876, to Ha-Zefirah, Ha-Melitz, The American He-brew, Jewish Comment, Publications American Jewish HistoricalSociety, etc. Address: 95 East 116th, New York.

Eliassof, Herman. Teacher of Hebrew and German. BornMarch 8, 1849, Wilna, Russia. Son of Moses Eliassow and ChayeSarah Luria. Taught by private tutors and in school of Rabbi


Jacob Barit, Wilna; studied Talmud in Volosin under RabbiYehuda Berlin, and Jewish history and Rabbinica under Dr.David Cassel, Berlin. Married Rosalia Eisendrath. Taught schoolin Rhein-Hessen, 1869-1870; came to America, 1871; rabbi Con-gregation Rodef Shalom, Ogdensburg, N. Y., 1872; first rabbiCongregation Beth-El, Chicago, 1873; superintendent Russian Ref-ugees Aid Society, Chicago, 1892-1893; principal Sabbath SchoolKehillath Anshe Maarabh, Chicago, 1897. Editor: Jewish Tri-bune, St. Louis, 1881; The Occident, Chicago, 1884. Translator:Zeror ha-Mor (A Whisp of Myrrh); Be-aharit ha-Yamim (In theLast Days), by Rabbi A. J. G. Lesser. Author: History of Con-gregation K. A. M. (with Dr. B. Felsenthal); Mizrakhi; The Jewsof Illinois. Author and translator of Hebrew poems. Contributorto Ha-Zofeh, first Hebrew weekly published in America; and toGerman, English, and Hebrew periodicals. Chicago correspondentof American Israelite, Cincinnati, for many years. Address: 3338Prairie Av., Chicago, 111.

Ellinger, Moritz. Interpreter in the Surrogate's Court City ofNew York. Born October 17, 1830, Furth, Bavaria. Son of JacobHirsch Ellinger and Jochebed Fegersheim. Educated at FurthOrphan Asylum; studied for two years at the Wurzburg Tal-mudical College under Rabbi Seligman Baer Bamberger. MarriedJulia Waterman. Was coroner City of New York for six years,and apportionment clerk in Finance Department; secretary GoetheClub, Palette Club, and for ten years of Executive CommitteeIndependent Order B'nai B'rith. At present corresponding secre-tary Medico-Legal Society; member Society of American Authors;chairman Council of the Congress of Tuberculosis. Editor: TheJewish Times for nine years; the Menorah Monthly for twelveyears. Delivered numerous lectures, most of which were pub-lished. Address: 164 E. 79th, New York.

*Elsberg, Nathaniel A. State Senator, New York. Born inNew York. Educated in public schools. Graduate, 1891, CollegeCity of New York. Engaged in newspaper work for two years;associate editor The American Economist. Wrote articles on thetariff and other economic subjects used in the Republican presi-dential campaign of 1892. Graduate, 1893, Law School Univer-sity City of New York, and has since practiced law. Practicealmost entirely confined to corporation and Federal Court cases.Unanimously nominated, 1897, by the Nineteenth Assembly Dis-trict of New York as member of the Assembly; elected; re-elected 1900 and 1902. Address: 27 William, New York.

* Emerich, Martin. Member of Congress, since 1903, from theFirst District of Illinois. Born April 27, 1847, Baltimore, Md.


Educated in public schools. Engaged in importing business. Mar-ried, Baltimore, September 27, 1871, Lena Strauss. Appointedward commissioner of poor of Baltimore, 1870; elected memberof Maryland Legislature, 1879; was member Fifth RegimentMaryland National Guard, and staff of Governors Hamilton andJackson, with rank of colonel. Removed to Chicago, 1887, andengaged in manufacturing. Elected county commissioner, 1892;and South Town assessor, 1901. Member of Congressional Stand-ing Committee on Accounts and on Manufactures. Identified invarious capacities with Independent Order B'nai B'rith; OrderKesher Shel Barzel; Independent Order Free Sons of Israel;Ancient Order United Workmen; Royal Arch Masons of Mary-land. A founder of Hebrew Orphan Asylum, Atlanta, Ga. Occu-pied positions in the Boards of Hebrew Orphan Asylum, Balti-more; Jewish Orphan Asylum, Cleveland; Chicago Home forJewish Orphans; Chicago Orthodox Home for the Aged. Ad-dress: Chicago, 111.

Engelsman, Gabriel. Instructor in Classics, College City of NewYork. Born February 5, 1862, Maco, Hungary. Son of GustavEngelsman and Betty Rosenberg. A. B., 1880, College City ofNew York. Pursued post-graduate course in Classical and Ori-ental Languages, Yale and Harvard Universities, 1880-1881; stud-ied comparative philology and linguistics at Leipzig, Berlin, andVienna; Ph.D., 1885, University of Vienna. Married CelestineBader. Was private secretary to Rev. Dr. Adolf Jellinek, Vienna;assistant foreign editor New York Herald; revising editor JewishEncyclopedia. Delivered course of thirty lectures on comparativephilology with special reference to the modern languages at Col-lege City of New York, 1901-1902. Address: 232 W. 120th, NewYork.

Epsteen, Saul. Associate in Mathematics, University of Chi-cago. Born August 10, 1878, San Francisco, Cal. Educated inSan Francisco public schools. B. S., 1900, University of Cali-fornia; Ph.D., 1901, University of Zurich. Studied in Universi-ties of Zurich and Gottingen. Member of Deutsche MathematikerVereinigung; and American Mathematical Society. Editor ofAmerican Mathematical Monthly. Author of a number of me-moirs in mathematical journals. Address: University of Chi-cago, Chicago, 111., also 343 Hayes, San Francisco, Cal.

Erlanger, Abraham L. Theatrical Manager and Owner of The-atres. Born May 4, 1860, Buffalo, N. Y. Son of Leopold Erlangerand Rachael Lobenthal. Educated at Spencerian College, Cleve-land, O. Business manager Euclid Avenue Opera House, Cleve-


land; theatrical advance agent; formed a partnership with MarcKlaw, and established a central theatrical agency; manager ofprominent actors and producer of spectacular plays; controls overone hundred theatres in all parts of the United States. Address:New Amsterdam Theatre, New York.

Erlanger, Mitchell L. Sheriff New York County. Born Feb-ruary 15, 1857, Buffalo, N. Y. Son of Leopold Erlanger and RachelLobenthal. Educated at Cleveland public schools; studied medi-cine; self-taught in the classics; LL. B., 1882, Columbia LawSchool. For two years librarian Columbia Law School; lecturedon real estate law and equity to Senior and Junior classes; as-sisted Professor Dwight, dean of the college, during that time,preparing opinions and examining the law. Practiced law formore than twenty years. Member Board of Directors MontefloreHome for Chronic Invalids; Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society;Hebrew Infant Asylum. Address: 2030 Broadway, New York.

Eron, Joseph Eli. Teacher and Lecturer on Literature. BornDecember 25, 1872, in Russia. Son of Fischel Eron and FannieEdelstein. Educated at Konigsberg, Prussia, Warsaw, Poland;A. B., 1902, and A. M., 1903, Columbia University. Lecturer onliterature, Educational Alliance, 1892-1904; Board of Education,New York; literature and history, Educational League, New York.Principal Eron School. Organized Educational Alliance Melam-dim Classes, 1892; one of the founders Educational League, 1899.Active in educational work, New York East Side. Address: 175East Broadway, New York.

Eshner, Augustus Adolph. Physician, Professor, since 1895,of Clinical Medicine in Philadelphia Polyclinic and College forGraduates in Medicine. Born November 17, 1862, Memphis, Tenn.Son of James Eshner and Johanna Pleschner. Educated in Phila-delphia public schools. A. B., 1879; A.M., 1884, Central HighSchool; M. D., Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia. Physi-cian to Philadelphia Hospital, since 1896; assistant physician toPhiladelphia Orthopaedic Hospital and Infirmary for Nervous Dis-eases, since 1900; chairman directors Philadelphia County MedicalSociety, 1904. Resident physician Philadelphia Hospital, 1888-1889; chief clinical assistant out-patient Medical Department Jef-ferson Medical College Hospital, 1892; adjunct professor clinicalmedicine Philadelphia Polyclinic and College for Graduates inMedicine, 1893; physician to Hospital for Diseases of the Lungs,at Chestnut Hill, 1901-1903. Editor Transactions PhiladelphiaCounty Medical Society, 1896, 1897; assistant editor PhiladelphiaMedical Journal, 1898. Was Secretary Pathological Society of


Philadelphia; secretary Philadelphia Neurological Society; sec-ond vice-president Medical Society of the State of Pennsylvania;second vice-president Philadelphia Pediatric Society. Wrote prizeessay in the Department of Practice of Medicine, Jefferson Medi-cal College, 1888. Author: Essentials of Medical Diagnosis (withS. Solis Cohen), 1892, 1900; Handbook on Fevers, 1895; AmericanTextbook of Applied Therapeutics (with J. C. Wilson), 1896;Christfried Jakob's Atlas of Methods of Clinical Investigation andEpitome of Clinical Diagnosis and of Special Pathology (trans-lation), 1898; Herman Eichhorst's Textbook of the Practice ofMedicine (translation), 1901; L. Landois' Textbook of HumanPhysiology (translation), 1904. Has contributed numerous ar-ticles to medical journals, encyclopedias, and transactions of med-ical societies. Address: 224 South 16th, Philadelphia, Pa.

•Ezekiel, Moses. Sculptor. Born October 28, 1844, Richmond,Va. Son of Jacob E. Ezekiel and Catherine de Castro. Afterservice with corps of cadets in Confederate States Army, graduateVirginia Military Institute, 1866; studied anatomy Medical Col-lege of Virginia. Removed to Cincinnati, 1868; visited Berlin,Germany, 1869, and studied at Royal Academy of Art underProfessor Albert Wolf. Admitted into the Society of Artists,Berlin, and was the first foreigner to win the Michael Beerprize. Executed, 1874, for Independent Order B'nai B'rith, marblegroup representing Religious Liberty, exhibited at CentennialExposition, now in Fairmount Park, Philadelphia; monument toJesse Seligman for Orphan Asylum, New York. After 1886, hiswork became chiefly ideal. Among his productions are busts ofWashington, Liszt, and Cardinal Hohenlohe, Eve, Homer, David,Judith, Christ in the Tomb; statue of Mrs. Andrew D. White forCornell University; Apollo and Mercury, in Berlin; Robert E.Lee; Pan and Amor; The Fountain of Neptune, for town ofNeptune, Italy; bust of Lord Sherbrooke, for St. Margaret, West-minster, London; and scores of busts and reliefs, and JeffersonMonument, for Louisville, Ky. Address: 18 Piazzo delle Terme,Rome, Italy.

*Fechheimer, Melville H. Second Lieutenant, United StatesArmy. Born December 20, 1872, Michigan. Private and corporal,Companies M and D, 18th Regiment Infantry, 1899-1901; secondlieutenant 11th Regiment Infantry, 1901. Address: War Depart-ment, Washington, D. C.

Fechheimer, Rose. Artist. Born August 15, 1875, Cincinnati,O. Daughter of Joseph K. Fechheimer and Therese Gutmann.Educated at Cincinnati public schools and Art Academy. Certi-


flcate of excellence in china painting and honorable mention, Cin-cinnati Museum Association. Artist at Rookwood Pottery, Cin-cinnati. Address: 3513 Reading Road, Avondale, Cincinnati.

Feldman, Abram Meyer. Consulting Mechanical Engineer.Born August 7, 1863, Kiev, Russia. Son of Simon Feldman andMenicha Mermelstein. Graduate Teacher's Institute, Jitomir,Russia; B. S., M. E., Towne Scientific School, University of Penn-sylvania. Took two special summer courses in mechanical andelectrical engineering laboratory work at Cornell University.Teacher, 1883-1887; draftsman and engineer, 1891-1892; draftsmanand engineer Machinery Department, World's Columbian Exposi-tion, Chicago, 1893; associate professor Mechanical EngineeringArmour Institute of Technology, Chicago, 1894-1900; consultingengineering practice, 1901; with New York State Architect, 1902-1903, as expert heating and ventilating engineer; since 1904 privatepractice as Consulting Mechanical Engineer, designing and super-intending the installation of power plants and heating and venti-lating systems for buildings. Came to United States in 1887;citizen, 1893. Address: 120 Liberty, New York.

•Fields, Lewis Maurice. Actor. Born January 1, 1867, NewYork City. Son of Samuel Fields. Educated in New York publicschools. Married Rose Harris. Began stage career, 1877; headWeber and Fields Company, 1885; proprietor Broadway MusicHall, 1895. Residence: 307 West 83d. Office: 1215 Broadway,New York.

Fireman, Julius C. Artist and Illustrator. Born June 4, 1872,at Nyiregyhaza, Hungary. Son of Sol. Fireman and ElizabethKellner. Educated at Philadelphia high school, and Academy ofFine Arts, Philadelphia. Came to America at age of fourteen.Was teacher Easton High School, Easton, Md.; artist Pennsyl-vania Telegram, Reading, Pa.; Philadelphia Times; New YorkWorld; New York Herald. Was manager Levytype Company, Phil-adelphia. At present illustrator of books. Illustrated: War in theEast; History of the World; Iliowizi's In the Pale; Edward Mar-shall's Lizette; Guy de Maupassant's works; and numerous storiesin the magazines. Address: 23 East 14th, New York.

Fireman, Peter. Research Chemist. Born April 4, 1863, Lipo-vetz, Russia. Son of Khaim Isaac Fireman and Bella Gorkhovski.Educated in Odessa Gymnasium. Graduate Charkov Gymnasium,1881. Studied at Universities of Odessa, Konigsberg, and Zurich;Ph.D., 1893, University of Berne. Came to United States, 1882;farmed for several years in western Oregon. Studied in Germany


and Switzerland, 1888-1892; assistant, 1892-1894; instructor, 1894-1898; assistant professor chemistry, 1898-1901, George Washing-ton (formerly Columbian) University, Washington; professorchemistry, Missouri School of Mines and Metallurgy, 1901-1902;chemist, Elmer A. Sperry Electro-chemical Research Laboratory,Washington, since 1902. Has published a number of monographsin chemical journals. Married Ernestine Weitz. Address: Alex-andria, Va.

Fischer, Louis. Physician. Born November 21, 1864, Kaschau,Austria-Hungary. Son of Ignatz Fischer and Louise Prankl.M. D., New York University; studied at Berlin. Married ClaraRobert. Was instructor Diseases of Children, New York Post-Grad-uate Medical School and Hospital; physician to St. Mark's Hos-pital, New York. At present visiting physician Willard ParkerHospital, and Riverside Hospital, New York; attending physiciansince 1887, to Children's Department New York German Poly-klinik; consulting physician United Hebrew Charities, and Mes-siah Home for Children. Secretary of Section for Diseases ofChildren, American Medical Association, 1900. Read first clinicalreport of treatment of diphtheria by antitoxin before New YorkPost-Graduate Medical School and Hospital, and at MunicipalHospital, Philadelphia, 1894. Author: Infant Feeding in Healthand Disease, 1900, 1903. Address: 65 East 90th, New York.

Fischkin, Edward A. Physician. Born October 6, 1S62, Kre-mentshug, Russia. Son of Abraham Fischkin and Rose Berger.High school and polytechnic education at Riga and Dresden.M. D., 1893, University of Berlin. Married Bertha Felsenthal,1899. Adjunct professor Dermatology, Medical Department Illi-nois State University; attending dermatologist Cook County Hos-pital; Norwegian Lutheran Deaconess Hospital; United HebrewCharities Free Dispensary; Home for Orthodox Aged Jews, all inChicago. Private tutor, 1886-1888; studied medicine, 1889-1893;assistant in clinic of Dr. Max Joseph, Berlin, 1893-1894; came toChicago, 1894. Among literary essays and medical articles pub-lished in various periodicals, the following are of Jewish interest:Proletarier-Poesie (on Morris Rosenfeld's Songs from theGhetto), 1899; Tolstoy, 1901; Six Years in a Dermatologic Clinic(Free Dispensary United Hebrew Charities, Chicago), 1902.Translator of many of Rosenfeld's poems into German. Address:692 North Hayne Av., Chicago, 111.

Fishberg, Maurice. Physician. Born August 16, 1872, at Kamen-etz-Podolsk, Russia. Son of Philip Fishberg and Gittel Mauer-man. Educated in Kamenetz public schools. M. D., 1897, New


York University. Married Bertha Cantor. Came to United States,1890. Fellow American Ethnological Society; member AmericanAnthropological Association. Medical Inspector New York HealthDepartment; physician Beth Israel Hospital Dispensary, NewYork; medical examiner United Hebrew Charities, New York.Has written articles for medical journals dealing with patho-logical characteristics of Jews; for Jewish Encyclopedia, onCancer, Consumption, Diabetes, Craniometry, Hair and Eyes. Pre-liminary specimen of a work on the Anthropology of the Jewsof various countries, with particular reference to those in theUnited States: Physical Anthropology of the Jews, AmericanAnthropologist, 1903, 1904. Address: 79 West 115th, New York.

Fleischman, Adolph. Architect. Born December 7, 1856, Al-bany, New York. Son of Solomon Fleischman and CatherineLederer. Educated in Albany public and high schools. Arch. B.,1879, Cornell University. Married Rosetta A. Mann. FellowAmerican Institute of Architects, 1884. District Deputy Inde-pendent Order B'nai B'rith, District No. 1; superintendent Sun-day School, Council of Jewish Women; past president GideonLodge, Independent Order B'nai B'rith; president AsmoneanLodge, of same Order. Architect: Beth Emeth Synagogue,Albany, and synagogues in Troy and Rondout, New York. Office:59 and 61 North Pearl. Residence: 277 Hudson Av., Albany, N. Y.

*Fleischmann, Julius. Merchant; Mayor of Cincinnati, O.Born June 8, 1872, Riverside, O. Member of the staffs of Gover-nors McKinley, Bushnell, and Nash. Nominated as candidate ofthe Republican party for Mayor of Cincinnati, 1900, and electedApril 2. Re-elected by a largely increased majority, April 6, 1903.Address: Cincinnati, O.

Fleischmann, Simon. Lawyer. Born September 1, 1859, IowaCity, la. Son of Emanuel Fleischmann and Eliza Dessauer.Graduate Buffalo public schools and Central High School. Mar-ried Laura Justice. Was organist of leading Buffalo churches;for five years dramatic and musical editor Buffalo Courier; inde-pendent supervisor from twenty-first ward of Buffalo, 1898-1899;Republican councilman, 1900-1904; president Buffalo Board ofCouncilmen, 1902-1903; president Erie County Bar Association,1903. Has written legal papers, dramatic and musical criticisms,editorial articles, and addresses. Address: 190 Edward, Buffalo,N. Y.

Flexner, Abraham. Principal of The Flexner School. Born No-vember 13, 1866, Louisville, Ky. Son of Moritz Flexner and


Esther Abraham. A. B., 1886, Johns Hopkins University. Mar-ried Anne Laziere Crawford. Instructor Louisville Male HighSchool, 1886-1891. Has written essays on educational topics inEducational Review, International Journal of Ethics, PopularScience Monthly, and Atlantic Monthly. Address: 210 WestOrmsby Av., Louisville, Ky.

Flexner, Simon. Director of the Laboratories of the Rocke-feller Institute for Medical Research, New York. Born March 25,1863, Louisville, Ky. Son of Moritz Flexner and Esther Abraham.Educated in Louisville public schools. M. D., 1889, University ofLouisville. Pursued post-graduate courses, Johns Hopkins Univer-sity and Universities of Strassburg, Prague, and Berlin. MarriedHelen Whitall Thomas. Fellow, associate, associate professorPathology, and professor Pathological Anatomy, 1891-1900, JohnsHopkins University; professor Pathology, University of Pennsyl-vania, 1900-1904. Member Johns Hopkins University Medical Com-mission to the Philippine Islands, 1900; United States GovernmentCommission for Investigation of the Bubonic Plague, San Fran-cisco, 1901; corresponding member Society Medica-Chirurgica,Bologna; member American Philosophical Society, Association ofAmerican Physicians, and other learned bodies. Wrote mono-graphs and papers on many pathological and bacteriological sub-jects. Address: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, NewYork.

Fluegel, Maurice. Author. Of German birth; emigrated earlyto Roumania. First education, secular and theological, in Rou-mania; attended Gymnasium in Leipzig, and pursued courses atUniversities of Leipzig and Paris. Theological diploma, 1869, fromGrand Rabbin Isidore, Paris; diploma for economical science, his-tory, and languages, 1862, Bucharest Academy. Docent at Buch-arest Academy. Officiated as rabbi in several congregations in theUnited States. Has written numerous essays in German, French,Roumanian, and English (Roumania and the Stroke of Policyof Prince Conza, 1865; American and Universal Judaism, 1865-1868; The Oriental and the Roumanian Questions, 1868-1880;Mosaic Diet and Hygiene, 1881). Author: Thoughts on ReligiousRites and Views, 1888; Spirit of the Biblical Legislation, 1893;Messiah-Ideal: vol. 1, Jesus of Nazareth, 1896; vol. 2, Paul andMohammed, Gospel and Koran, 1896; Zend-Avesta and EasternReligions, 1898; Israel the Biblical People, 1899; Philosophy, Qab-bala and Vedanta, 1902. Biblical Legislation is to occupy the ,last three volumes of this series of ten. Address: 1125 NorthStrieker, Baltimore, Md.


Foreman, Henry G. President Board of Commissioners of CookCounty, 111. Born 1857, Chicago, 111. Son of Gerhard Foremanand Hannah Greenebaum. Married, 1885, Lottie Schwab. Edu-cated at Chicago public schools and business college. Receivedearly commercial and financial training in First National BankHas devoted career chiefly to real estate and financial operations.Officer and director in many corporations; one of the organizersChicago Stock Exchange, Chicago Title and Trust Company,Chicago Real Estate Board. Director Chicago Union TractionCompany since 1902; chairman Board of Directors, 1902; electedpresident Board of Commissioners of Cook County, 1902, for twoyears; appointed member South Park Commissioners, 1902 (termexpires 190S); chosen president, 1903; inaugurated modern busi-ness methods in public office, including Cook County InstitutionalService, erection of new county buildings, and purchase and im-provement of new parks in South Division, Chicago. Appointedon commission to create outer belt of parks and boulevards tocircle Chicago and complete outdoor recreation system. Dele-gate to National Republican Convention in Philadelphia, 1900.Residence: 4706 Grand Boulevard. Offices: 402-408 Dearborn, 202Court House, and corner 57th and Cottage Grove Av., Chicago, 111.

Fraenkel, Joseph. Lecturer on Nervous Diseases, Cornell Uni-versity Medical College; Alienist and Neurologist to BellevueHospital, New York. Born July, 1867, Tysnitz, Austria. Son ofMarcus Fraenkel and Ester Conn. Educated at the ImperialRoyal Gymnasium, "Vienna. M. D., University of Vienna. Attend-ing physician Montefiore Home for Chronic Invalids, New York.Contributor to Reference Handbook of Medical Sciences. Ad-dress: 46 East 75th, New York.

*Frank, Nathan. Lawyer; ex-Member of House of Representa-tives. Born February 23, 1852, Peoria, 111. Educated in Peoriapublic schools. Studied in Washington University, St. Louis.Graduate, 1871, Harvard Law School. Has practiced law, since1871, in St. Louis. Republican nominee for the Fiftieth Congress,but was defeated; re-nominated for the Fifty-first Congress, andelected. Author of a work on bankruptcy law. Address: 1027Century Building, St. Louis, Mo.

*Frankenberger, Samuel. Second Lieutenant, Artillery Corps,United States Army. Born April 23, 1879, West Virginia. Ap-pointed cadet Military Academy, 1898; second lieutenant ArtilleryCorps, 1902. Address: War Department, Washington, D. C.

Frankenthal, Adolph Levy. United States Consul at Berne,Switzerland, since 1898. Born January 1, 1851, Liibeck, Germany.


Son of L. J. Frankenthal and Henrietta Hirschberg. Educated inLiibeck and Hamburg Academies. Married Ettie J. Jacobs. Inbusiness in Hamburg, 1864-1871; resident of Boston, Mass., since1871; naturalized, 1877; manufacturer fancy leather goods inBoston until 1898; inventor patented violin case. SecretarySociety for Relief of Poor Russians, Boston, 1880. Contributor toJewish papers in Germany and Switzerland on Hebrew literature.Home: 46 Quincy, Roxbury, Boston. Address: United States Con-sulate, Berne, Switzerland.

Franklin, Fabian. Editor of The Baltimore News. Born Janu-ary 18, 1853, Eger, Hungary. Son of Morris J. Franklin andSarah Heilprin. Educated at public schools of Philadelphia andWashington, and preparatory school Columbian College (nowGeorge Washington University). Ph. B., 1869, Columbian College;Ph. D., 1880, Johns Hopkins University; LL. D., 1904, GeorgeWashington University. Engaged in surveying and civil engi-neering, 1870-1877. Married, 1882, Christine Ladd. Fellow,associate, associate professor, and professor Mathematics, JohnsHopkins University, 1877-1895. Has written mathematical papersin American Journal of Mathematics and other journals, andarticles on political, economic, and miscellaneous subjects in TheNation, New York, and other periodicals. Address: 220 WestMonument, Baltimore, Md.

Franklin, Melvin M. Physician. Born August 13, 1874, Phila-delphia, Pa. Son of Dr. Marcus Franklin and Matilda Morris.Studied in Rugby Academy, Pennsylvania Military College, Colum-bia University, Medical Department University of Pennsylvania.B. S.; Honorary M. A., 1903, La Salle College. Married ElsieNathans. Visiting surgeon, St. Joseph's Hospital; and JewishHospital. Address: 1700 Oxford, Philadelphia, Pa.

Franko, Jeanne (Mrs. Hugo Kraemer). Violin Virtuoso, Pro-fessor of Music. Born February 8, 1868, New Orleans, La.Daughter of Herrman Franko and Helene Bergmann. Educatedin Breslau, Berlin, and Paris; and under De Ahna and Vieux-temps. Married Hugo Kraemer. Played in Paris at Trocadero.Member Women's String Quartette St. Cecilia. Soloist with Theo-dore Thomas Orchestra, Anton Seidl Orchestra, Philip SousaOrchestra, also travelled through United States to San Franciscoas soloist. Organized the Jeanne Franko Trio. Leader AmericanWoman's Orchestra. Address: care Steinway and Sons, 17 East14th, New York.

Franko, Sam. Conductor American Symphony Orchestra; Musi-cal Leader, Chorus of Society for Ethical Culture. Born January


20, 1857, New Orleans, La. Son of Herrman Franko and HeleneBergmann. Educated at Breslau and Berlin, Germany; pupilof Joachim, Vieuxtemps, and Leonard. Married Elizabeth Saar(deceased). Came to United States for a concert tour, 1869;played in salons of Mme. Viardot-Garcia, St. Sae'ns, Lalo, De Beri-ot, and Godard, 1870-1880. Made his debut in London beforePrince of Wales, present King Edward. Became member, 1880,soloist, and concert-master, Theodore Thomas Orchestra; playedin important cities in United States as soloist with MendelssohnQuintette Club of Boston; has given string-quartette concerts atSteinway Hall. Was viola soloist in Philharmonic Orchestra; andconductor of Castle Garden free concerts, 1891. Organized Amer-ican Symphony Orchestra and gave a series of concerts with it atChickering Hall. Produced the works of the early masters, fromthe original scores and with an orchestra of the size contem-plated by them, before small audiences. Has written composi-tions for violin and piano. Address: 717 Madison Av., New York.

Freiberg, Albert Henry. Surgeon. Born August 17, 1868, Cin-cinnati, O. Son of Joseph Freiberg. Educated Cincinnati publicschools. M. D., 1890, University of Cincinnati (Medical College ofOhio); pursued courses at Universities of Wiirzburg, Strassburg,Berlin, and Vienna. Professor Orthopaedic Surgery, University ofCincinnati (Medical College of Ohio); Orthopaedic Surgeon toJewish Hospital of Cincinnati and to Cincinnati Hospital. Mem-ber American Orthopaedic Association. Has written articles whichhave appeared in Transactions American Orthopaedic Associationand in medical periodicals. Address: 19 West 7th, Cincinnati, O.

Freidus, Abraham Solomon. Chief Jewish Department, NewYork Public Library. Born May 1, 1867, Riga, Russia. Son ofAbigedor Freidus and Siissle Bass. Went to Paris, 1886; cameto United States, 1889. Graduate Pratt Institute Library School,1894. Librarian Calumet Club Library, 1894; cataloguer Gen-eral Theological Seminary Library, 1896; both of New York.Assistant cataloguer New York Public Library, 1897, and laterorganized its department of Hebraica and Judaica, now includ-ing nearly thirteen thousand volumes. Contributor to the Jewishpress. Author: Bibliographical Lists of Jewish Subjects, Bulle-tin New York Public Library; A Scheme of Classification forJewish Literature in the New York Public Library, containingnearly five hundred divisions, 1901. Address: New York PublicLibrary, New York.

Freudenthal, Wolff. Laryngologist. Born January 5, 1858,Chrostowo, Posen, Germany. Son of Louis Freudenthal and


Rosalie Wolff. Pursued courses at Universities of Breslau, Leip-zig, and Berlin; state examination, 1894, and M. D., 1894, Freiburgin Baden. Married Alice L. Forchheimer. Consulting laryngologistSt. Marks Hospital, Monteflore Home for Chronic Invalids, andBeth Israel Hospital, New York. Honorary president InternationalMedical Congress at Madrid, 1903; ex-president German MedicalSociety, New York, and of Deutscher Gesellig-WissenschaftlicherVerein von New York. Served in German army at Berlin as sur-geon, 1879, and also at Freiburg. Author of publications on Dis-eases of the Nose and Throat, and on Tuberculosis. Address:1003 Madison Av., New York.

Freund, Ernest. Professor of Law, University of Chicago LawSchool. Born January 30, 1864, New York. Son of Ludwig A.Freund and Nannie Bayer. Educated at Dresden and Frankforton the Main, Germany. J. U. D., 1884, University of Heidelberg;Ph.D., 1897, Columbia University. Author: The Police Power,1904. Address: 5730 Woodlawn Av., Chicago, 111.

Friedenberg, Albert Marx. Lawyer and Writer. Born January9, 1881, New York City. Son of Leopold Friedenberg and FannieStern. Educated at New York public schools, Chapin CollegiateSchool, College City of New York. B. S., 1900, and LL. B., 1903,Columbia University. New York correspondent and representa-tive Jewish Comment, Baltimore, since 1902. Instructor in com-position, New York evening public schools, 1900-1904; lecturerBoard of Education free lecture course. Editor of The JewishHome since 1904. Has written monographs in Publications Amer-ican Jewish Historical Society; and articles in Jewish Encyclo-pedia, Jewish Quarterly Review, Albany Law Journal, ModernLanguage Notes, Queen's Quarterly, and in the American Jewishpress. Author: Zionist Studies, 1904; The Jews in GermanLiterature (MS.). Residence: 186 West 135th. Office: 38 ParkRow, New York.

Friedenwald, Harry. Physician, Professor of Ophthalmology andOtology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore. BornSeptember 21, 1864, Baltimore, Md. Son of Dr. Aaron Frieden-"wald and Bertha Bamberger. A. B., 1884, Johns Hopkins Univer-sity; M. D., 1886, College of Physicians and Surgeons. MarriedBertha Stein. Has written essays on Ophthalmological and Oto-logical subjects and on Medical History. President AmericanFederation of Zionists since 1904; trustee Jewish TheologicalSeminary of America. Address: 1029 Madison Av., Baltimore,Md.


Friedenwald, Herbert. Author. Born September 20, 1870, Bal-timore, Md. Son of Moses Friedenwald and Jane Ahlborn.Educated at private schools, Baltimore. A. B., 1890, Johns Hop-kins University; Ph.D., 1894, University of Pennsylvania. Chiefof Division of Manuscripts in Library of Congress, Washington,1897-1900; one of the founders and first recording secretaryAmerican Jewish Historical Society; corresponding secretary,1898-1903; and now recording secretary. Member PublicationCommittee, Jewish Publication Society of America, and of histor-ical and economic societies. Delegate from Philadelphia to SixthZionist Congress, Basle, 1903. Has written articles for Publica-tions of American Jewish Historical Society, and Reports Amer-ican Historical Association. Edited draft of an Address of Con-tinental Congress to People of United States, 1776, AmericanHistorical Review, 1896. Author: A Calendar of WashingtonMSS. in the Library of Congress, 1901; The Declaration of Inde-pendence (in press). Address: 915 N. 16th, Philadelphia, Pa.

Friedenwald, Julius. Physician. Born December 20, 1866,Baltimore, Md. Son of Dr. Aaron Friedenwald and BerthaBamberger. Educated at Baltimore Zion School and at CityCollege. A. B., 1887, Johns Hopkins University; M. D., 1890,College of Physicians and Surgeons; A.M., 1898, Loyola College,Baltimore. Pursued courses of study at Universities of Berlinand Vienna. Married Esther Lee Rohr. Professor Diseases of theStomach and director Diseases of the Stomach, Clinical Labora-tory, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore. Visitingphysician to City Hospital, Bay View Hospital, Union ProtestantInfirmary, and consultant in Digestive Diseases to St. Agnes Hos-pital, Baltimore. Has written numerous medical articles. Au-thor: A Text Book on Dietetics (with Dr. John Ruhrah). Ad-dress: 7 West Franklin, Baltimore, Md.

Friedlaender, Israel. Professor of Biblical Exegesis and Liter-ature, Jewish Theological Seminary of America, New York. BornSeptember 8, 1876, Wlodawa, Siedlec, Russian Poland. Son ofPinkus Friedlaender and Gitel Ehrlich. Educated at the Chederand privately in Praga-Warsaw. Pursued courses at Universityof Berlin, 1896-1900. Ph. D., 1901, University of Strassburg. Pri-vat-docent Semitic languages, 1902-1903, University of Strassburg.Author: Der Sprachgebrauch des Maimonides, Ein lexicalischerund grammatischer Beitrag zur Kenntniss des Mittelarabischen,Part I, 1902. Translator: The Essays of Achad Haam; Dubnow'sEssay in the Philosophy of Jewish History (both into German).Articles in various publications. Address: 371 West 116th, New-York.


Friedman, Isaac Kahn. Born November 3, 1870, Chicago, 111.Son of Jacob Friedman and Henrietta Kahn. Educated in Chi-cago public schools. Ph. B., 1903, University of Michigan. Author:The Lucky Number; Poor People; By Bread Alone; The Auto-biography of a Beggar. Address: 1 Van Buren, Chicago, 111.

Frisch, William. Managing Editor of The Baltimore American.Born February 14, 1854, in Bohemia. Son of Siegfried Frischand Sophia Krauskopf. Educated at Knapp's Institute, Baltimore,1865-1868; and Bryant, Stratton, and Sadler's Business College,Baltimore, 1868. Came to America in 1865. General reporteron The Baltimore American, 1872-1875; introduced systematicCity Hall reporting in Baltimore, 1875; City Hall reporter, 1875-1880; wrote first weekly political review in Baltimore for TheSunday American, 1879, continuing the department until 1889;political editor The Baltimore American, 1879-1889; Washingtoncorrespondent, 1880, 1881; managing editor since 1881. Address:Hotel Altamont, Baltimore, Md.

*Frohman, Charles. Theatrical Manager. Born June 17, 1860,Sandusky, O. Educated in New York public schools. Employedin office Daily Graphic, New York; sold tickets at Hooley's Thea-tre, Brooklyn; took charge of company sent West to play " OurBoys," 1877; was with J. H. Haverly (Haverly's Mastadon Min-strels), 1879-1880, in United States and Europe; went on roadwith "Lady Clare" and "Victor Durand," 1881; organized a com-pany to bring out Shenandoah, 1881; organized Charles FrohmanStock Company, 1890; now proprietor and manager Empire, Cri-terion, Lyceum, Garrick, Savoy, Madison Square, Knickerbocker,and Garden Theatres, New York; Duke of York Theatre, London;joint manager Vaudeville Theatre, London. Address: EmpireTheatre, New York.

Frohman, Daniel. Theatrical Manager. Born 1854, Sandusky,O. Son of Henry Frohman. Educated at Sandusky. MarriedMaud Light. Manager of theatres, stars, and plays, and occasion-ally of musical artists. Address: 159 West 79th, New York.

Fromenson, Abraham H. Editor English Department The Jew-ish Daily News and The Jewish Gazette, New York. Born No-vember 4, 1873, at Chicago, 111. Son of Benjamin Fromensonand Dora Fuxman. Educated at New York public schools, even-ing high schools, special courses at New York University. Jewisheducation by father. Married Ruth Berman. Was editor JewishTidings, Rochester, N. Y.; reporter Rochester Democrat andChronicle, Rochester Herald, and Associated Press; editorial


writer New York Daily News. Chairman Education Committee andmember Executive Council Federation of American Zionists; oneof the organizers Jewish Boys' Brigade, and New Era Club; mem-ber New York Committee Jewish Publication Society of America.Has written several hundred essays under title, The Voice of theGhetto, in The Jewish Daily News and The Jewish Gazette, andmagazine articles dealing especially with physical culture forJews. Address: care Jewish Daily News, New York.

Fuchs, Julius. Professor German Language and Literature,Cincinnati High School, since 1895. Born October 16, 1846, St.George, near Vienna, Austria. Son of Simon Fuchs and RebeccaWeinberger. Elementary education at St. George, secondary andcollege course at Vienna, in Ober-Realschule, 1863-1866; ImperialPedagogical Seminary or Normal School, Vienna, 1866-1869. Di-ploma as teacher, Vienna, 1869; English principal's and Specialor High School certificate Cincinnati Board of Examiners, 1872.Married Jeannette Ehrenfest. Director Boys' Institute, Vienna,1869-72; principal of German Intermediate School, 1872-1895,Cincinnati, O. Three volumes of articles collected from Europeanand American periodicals ready for publication: 1. Eighteen Lec-tures on Pedagogical Topics; 2. Fifteen Lectures on Home Edu-cation, and, 3. Seventy-five poems, Tender Blossoms. Deliveredlectures before normal institutes, teachers' associations, and liter-ary societies. Address: P. O. Box 46, Cincinnati, O.

Furth, Emanuel. Attorney-at-law. Born September 26, 1857,Reading, Pa. Son of Leopold Furth and Babette Levy. Educatedin Philadelphia public schools. A. B., 1874, Central High School;LL. B., 1878, Law Department University of Pennsylvania. Mar-ried Lizzie Rosenbaum. Member Pennsylvania Legislature, 1881-1885; delegate to City, State, and National Democratic Conven-tions; delegate to National Democratic Convention at St. Louis,1904; nominated for judge Court of Common Pleas, 1903, onDemocratic ticket. Prominent in Masonic and State militarycircles; captain in Old Guard Infantry Battalion State Fenci-bles; president of several building associations; secretary Law-yers Club of Philadelphia since 1892. Author: The Tourist Out-ward and Homeward Bound. Address: 13th and Chestnut, Phila-delphia, Pa.

Gans, Howard S. Assistant District Attorney, County of NewYork. Born October 23, 1872, New York City. Son of Levi L.Gans and Adelaide Schiller. Educated at Friends' Schools, PennCharter School, Philadelphia; and Dr. Julius Sachs's CollegiateInstitute, New York. B. A., 1892, Harvard College; LL.B., New


York Law School. Deputy Assistant District Attorney, 1901-1902;Assistant District Attorney, since 1902. Wrote article in NorthAmerican entitled, In the Matter of the Lawlessness of thePolice. Address: Criminal Courts Building, New York.

Garfunkel, Charles. Superintendent of Police, Savannah, Ga.Born November 13, 1872, at Savannah, Ga. Son of Benjamin M.Garfunkel. Educated at Savannah public schools. Was merchant.Address: Police Headquarters, Savannah, Ga.

Garsson, Morris. Life and Fire Insurance Broker. Born De-cember 19, 1860, in Russia. Son of Mordechai Gerson and SarahRosalsky. Chiefly self-taught. Married Annie Epstein. Repre-sentative M. Gardner and Company, New York, 1883-1898; in drygoods business, 1896-1900; manufacturer during 1901, New York.Has written various Hebrew poems published in Ner ha-Maarabi,1895-1896; Ha-Ibri, 1895-1896; Die Deborah, 1896. Address: 118East 109th, New York.

Gerson, Emily Goldsmith. Writer of juvenile stories. BornApril 30, 1868, Philadelphia, Pa. Daughter of Abraham Gold-smith and Cecelia Adler. Educated in Philadelphia public schools.Married Felix Napoleon Gerson. Teacher in Philadelphia publicschools, 1887-1892. Author: The German Cousins in America,1900 (as a serial); The Picture Screen, 1904; Polly and herChum, 1904 (as a serial). Has written many short juvenile stor-ies in various publications since 1890. Address: 1627 NorthFranklin, Philadelphia, Pa.

Gerson, Felix N. Journalist, Manager The Jewish Exponent,staff writer on Public Ledger, Philadelphia. Born October 18,1862, Philadelphia, Pa. Son of Aron Gerson and Eva Goldsmith.Educated in Philadelphia public schools; A. B., Central HighSchool. Married Emily Goldsmith. Chief Clerk Coal ShippingDepartment, Philadelphia and Reading Railway Company, 1880-1890; managing editor Chicago Israelite, 1890-1891; manager Jew-ish Exponent since 1891; staff writer Public Ledger since 1895;staff writer American Musician, Freund's Music and Drama, andother New York papers at various times. Appointed by presidentof Pennsylvania R. R. Company to take charge of Elizabethcoal dock property, and succeeded in settling strike at that endof the line, 1887. Wrote poem on death of Queen Victoria whichreceived favorable editorial notice in London Times; selected toread poem at dedication of new Philadelphia High School build-ing, 1902. Author: Some Verses (volume of poems), 1893.Poems in magazines and newspapers. Address: 1627 NorthFranklin, Philadelphia, Pa.

7


Ginzberg, Louis. Professor of Talmud and Rabbinics, JewishTheological Seminary of America. Born November 28, 1873,Kovno, Russia. Son of Isaac Ginzberg and Cecilia Jaffe. Edu-cated at Talmudical Colleges at Telsh and Kovno. Pursuedcourses in Oriental languages and history, and in philosophy, atthe Universities of Berlin, Strassburg, and Heidelberg. Ph. D.,1898, Strassburg. Came to America, 1899. Editor Jewish Ency-clopedia, Department of Rabbinical Literature, 1900-1903. Author:Die Haggada bei den Kirchenvatern, 1899; Die Haggada bei denKirchenvatern und in der apokryphischen Litteratur, 1900. Con-tributor to Monatsschrift fur Geschichte und Wissenschaft desJudenthums, Breslau; Jewish Quarterly Review, London; andJewish Encyclopedia (about one-fifth of the first volume). Im-portant articles in Jewish Encyclopedia: on Akiba, AllegoricalInterpretation, Baraita, Joseph Caro, Cabala, and Law (Codifica-tion of). Address: 60 West 115th, New York.

Goldensky, Elias. Photographer. Born September 9, 1867,Russia. Son of Benjamin M. Goldensky. Married Nettie Gold-berg. Received highest awards at various photographic exhi-bitions. Address: 270 South Second, Philadelphia, Pa.

Goldfaden, Abraham. Yiddish Playwright. Born July 12, 1840,Starokonstantinov, Russia. Educated at Talmudical College ofJitomir. Taught in Government schools of Simferopol and Odessa,1867-1875; founded Yisrolik (a humorous weekly) in Lemberg,1875; founded Bukowiner Israelitisches Volksblatt, at Czerno-witz; produced his first drama at Jassy, 1876; returned to Odessa,1878, with a troupe of actors and a repertoire of fourteen plays.Forbidden to produce Yiddish plays in Russia, 1883; went toRoumania, Galicia, and Warsaw, and, in 1887, came to New York;established the New Yorker Illustrirte Zeitung (Yiddish), andwas connected with the Roumanian Opera House. Went to Paris,1889; and returned to New York, 1903. Author: Zizim u-Perahim(Hebrew poems), 1865; Das Yiidele (Yiddish songs), 1866, andtwenty-five dramas in Yiddish, among them Die Rekruten,Schmendrik, Die Kishufmacherin, Shulamit, and Bar Kochba.Address: Grand Theatre, New York.

Goldfogle, Henry Mayer. Member of Congress from the NinthDistrict of New York; Lawyer by profession. Born May 23, 1856,New York City. Son of Mayer Goldfogle and Hannah Herz. Edu-cated in New York public schools and Townsend's College. Ad-mitted to bar when twenty-one. Judge of Municipal Court, NewYork City, 1888-1900; resigned to resume law practice. Draftedand secured enactment of a law by the State legislature which

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 1Q3

allows an execution against the body to issue against a delin-quent debtor on a judgment in favor of a working woman forservices performed by her; author present law in New Yorkproviding for an expeditious remedy to collect judgments ob-tained by laborers, mechanics, and other wage-earners ior wagesearned or for labor performed; served several terms as grandpresident District No. 1, Independent Order B'nai B'rith, and isone of the judges court of appeals of that Order. Is prominentlyidentified with many of the leading fraternal organizations andclubs, and with several financial institutions. Was governor,Home for Aged and Infirm at Yonkers. Is now director, HebrewInfant Asylum, and vice-president Temple Rodeph Shalom, NewYork. Delegate to almost every State convention since 1877; dele-gate, 1896, National Democratic Convention. Elected to Congress,1900; re-elected, 1902. Author and secured adoption by Congress,April 21, 1904, of resolution respecting Russia's refusal to honorAmerican passports held by Jews, the basis of recent request byAmerican Ambassador at St. Petersburg for abrogation of restric-tion or for a new treaty. Address: 271 Broadway, New York.

Goldmark, Rubin. Composer, Lecturer on musical topics. BornAugust 15, 1872, New York. Son of Leo Goldmark and AugustaStern. Educated at New York public schools and College Cityof New York. Studied at University of Vienna, and ViennaConservatory of Music; subsequently pupil of Dvorak and Joseffyin New York; Hon. M. A., 1900, Colorado College. Director Colo-rado College Conservatory of Music, 1895-1901. Delivered onehundred and fifty lectures between New York, Montreal, andSalt Lake City on the Wagner music dramas and other subjects.His orchestral works and chamber music performed by the lateAnton Seidl, the Boston Symphony Orchestra, Kneisel Quartette,and Prill Quartette of Vienna. Compositions: Trio for piano,violin, and cello; Sonata for piano and violin; Romanza forcello; numerous songs and piano compositions; unpublished:Orchestral Overture Hiawatha (performed by Boston SymphonyOrchestra); Theme and Variations (performed by Anton SeidlOrchestra); Cantata for orchestra and chorus; Quartette forpiano and strings. Address: 144 West 127th, New York.

Goldsmith, Milton. Merchant. Born May 22, 1861, Philadel-phia, Pa. Son of Abraham Goldsmith and Cecelia Adler. Grad-uate Philadelphia High School, 1877. Studied three years inZurich, Switzerland; special courses in literature, language, andmusic. Married Sophie Hyman. Author: Rabbi and Priest, 1891;A Victim of Conscience, 1903; numerous short stories in Jewishand non-sectarian papers; poems appearing in The Cosmopolitan,


Puck, Life, and other periodicals; several librettos of comicoperas; A Romance of Kief, a drama; Quarantined, a comedy;other literary and musical works. Address: 46 East 58th, NewYork.

Gordin, Jacob M. Playwright. Born May 1, 1853, at Mirgorod,Poltava, Russia. Son of Michael Gordin. Educated at privateschools. Married Anna Itzkowitch. Teacher Russian privateand public schools. Editor two Russian daily papers, OdesskiNovesti, and Elisavetgradski Vestnick, and, in 1893, of a Russianpaper in New York. Contributor to many Russian and Americanmagazines and papers. Has written about seventy dramas, in-cluding translations and adaptations. Founded, 1879, BibleBrotherhood Society, devoted to ethical culture and social re-forms. Came to America, 1891. Author: classical dramas: Me-dea; Medea's Youth; realistic dramas: God, Man, and the Devil;The Orphan; Mirele Efros; The Yiddish King Lear; essay: Vol-taire, his Life and Works, his Merits as an Educator and his Atti-tude to the Jewish Race. Address: 256 Madison, Brooklyn, NewYork.

Gottheil, Richard James Horatio. Professor Semitic LanguagesColumbia University. Born October 13, 1862, Manchester, Eng-land. Son of Rabbi Gustav Gottheil and Rosalia Wallman. Edu-cated at Chorlton High School, Manchester, Eng., and ColumbiaGrammar School, New York. Studied at Columbia College, andat Universities of Berlin and Tubingen; Hochschule fur die Wis-senschaft des Judenthums, and Die Veitel-Heine-EphraimscheLehranstalt in Berlin. A. B., 1881, Columbia College( now Univer-sity) ; Ph. D., Leipzig. Married Emma Rosenzweig, 1891. Presi-dent American Federation of Zionists, 1898-1904; head of Ori-ental Department New York Public Library; member GermanOriental Society, SociSt6 des Etudes Juives, Paris, Jewish His-torical Society, England, Council American Oriental Society;president Society of Biblical Literature, 1902-1903; treasurerAmerican Jewish Historical Society until 1904; vice-presidentJudaeans, New York; member Actions-Committee of Zionist Or-ganization. Author: The Syriac Grammar of Mar Elia of Zobha,Berlin, 1887; one of the editors of the Jewish Encyclopedia since1901; contributor to Johnson's Encyclopedia, 2d edition; Zeit-schrift der Deutschen Morgenlandischen Gesellschaft, JournalAmerican Oriental Society, Zeitschrift fur Assyriologie, JournalSociety of Biblical Literature, Publications American Jewish His-torical Society, Century Magazine, North American Review. Ad-dress: Columbia University, New York.


Gottheil, William S. Physician. Born February 5, 1859, Berlin,Germany. Son of Rabbi Gustav Gottheil and Rosalia Wallman. Edu-cated at Victoria Park School, Manchester, Eng., studied at NewYork University, and in Scientific Department Cornell University,Ithaca, N. Y. Licentiate, 1878, Cornell University; M. D., 1882,College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York. Married ViolaShepperd. House physician Charity Hospital, 1882-1883; lecturerDermatology New York Polyclinic, 1886-1890; professor Pathol-ogy, American Veterinary College, 1888-1894; professor Derma-tology New York School of Clinical Medicine, 1890-1891; Derma-tologist, Northwestern Dispensary, and German West Side Dis-pensaries, 1890-1900; consulting Dermatologist Hebrew ShelteringGuardian Orphan Asylum, 1900. Is at present visiting physicianNew York City Hospital, Lebanon Hospital, and Beth IsraelHospital, New York. Author: Illustrated Skin Diseases, 1897;The Treatment of Skin Cancers, 1901; Syphilis, its Diagnosisand Treatment, 1901; Elements of Pathology, New York, 1890. Edi-tor: Dermatology and Syphilis; and Clinical Recorder, 1896-1898.Has written numerous articles and pamphlets. Address: 144West 48th, New York.

Greenbaum, Leon E. Lawyer. Born November 17, 1872, Balti-more, Md. Son of Emanuel Greenbaum and Caroline Seliger. Edu-cated at Baltimore public schools and Baltimore City College.A. B., Johns Hopkins University; LL. B., Law Department Uni-versity of Maryland. Was city attorney of Baltimore. Address:1614 Eutaw Place, Baltimore, Md.

Greenbaum, Leopold. Professor, since 1896, of Materia Medica,Anaesthesia, and Odontotechny at Philadelphia Dental College.Born October 9, 1858, Arva, Hungary. Son of Philip Greenbaumand Marie Goldfinger. Educated at Arva and Vienna schools,and Philadelphia public schools. D. D. S., 1881, PhiladelphiaDental College; M. D., 1888, Medico-Chirurgical College, Phila-delphia. Appointed assistant professor Materia Medica and Chem-istry in Dental College, 1881, and lecturer. Moving spirit in theorganization of the Garretsonian Society; editor and managerof The Stomatologist since the first issue. Member National andState Societies and Academy of Stomatology. Has read numer-ous papers before other societies. Address: 1420 Chestnut, Phila-delphia, Pa.

Greenbaum, Samuel. Justice Supreme Court, State of NewYork. Born January 23, 1854, London, England. Son of LouisGreenbaum and Rachel Deborah Schlesinger. Educated at NewYork public schools. M. A., College City of New York; LL. B.,


Columbia College Law School. Married Selina Ullman. Waspresident Young Men's Hebrew Association; and of Aguilar FreeLibrary Society. Now vice-president Educational Alliance; trus-tee Jewish Theological Seminary of America; and trustee NewYork Public Library. Address: 2 East 94th, New York.

Greenstone, Julius H. Born April 23, 1873, Mariampol, Russia.Son of Pesah David Grtinstein and Leah Puskelinsky. Jewisheducation in the Cheder and Talmudical College; secular instruc-tion private, in Russia, and in New York public schools. A. B.,1900, College City of New York; A. B., 1902, University of Penn-sylvania; rabbi, 1900, Jewish Theological Seminary of America.Is pursuing post-graduate course University of Pennsylvania.Married Carrie E. Amram. Lecturer to Congregation MickveIsrael, Philadelphia, 1900-1902. Author: Congregational Activi-ties (a series of sermons), 1901; The Religion of Israel, 1902;contributor to Talmudic Department Jewish Encyclopedia andto Jewish journals. Address: 915 North 8th, Philadelphia, Pa.

Gross, Charles. Professor of History, Harvard University,since 1888. Born February 10, 1857, Troy, New York. Son ofLouis Gross and Lottie Wolf. Educated at Troy High School.A. B., 1878; A.M., 1882; LL. D., 1904, Williams College; Ph.D.,1883, Gottingen. Pursued courses at Universities of Berlin, Leip-zig, and Paris, 1879-83. Did literary work in England, 1883-1888.Author: Gilda Mercatoria, 1883; The Exchequer of the Jews ofEngland in the Middle Ages, 1887; The Gild Merchant, 1890;Select Cases from the Coroners' Rolls, 1896; A Bibliography ofBritish Municipal History, 1897; The Early History of the Ballotin England, 1898; The Sources and Literature of English History,1900. Address: 11 Putnam Av., Cambridge, Mass.

Gruening, Emil. Ophthalmic and Aural Surgeon, Mount SinaiHospital; consulting ophthalmic surgeon, German Hospital; sur-geon New York Eye and Ear Infirmary, all of New York. BornOctober 2, 1842, Inowrazlaw, Prussia. Son of Moritz Grueningand Bertha Thorner. Elementary education at Inowrazlaw. Pur-sued courses at University of Berlin, and University of Paris.M. D., 1867, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York. Mar-ried Phoebe Fridenberg. Enlisted in Seventh Regiment New JerseyVolunteer Infantry, 1865; participated in battle of Hatcher'sRun, siege of Petersburg, and pursuit of Lee. Studied ophthal-mology under A. von Graefe, Berlin, 1867-1870. Professor Oph-thalmology New York Polyclinic, 1882-1895. Author: Treatiseon Wounds and Injuries of the Eyes and their Appendages (inAmerican System of Ophthalmology); On the Operative Treat-


ment of Divergent Strabismus; On the Operative Treatment ofPtosis and Notes on Operations upon the Mastoid Process; Onthe Operative Treatment of Otitic Brain Abscess; etc. Address:36 East 57th, New York.

Guggenheim, Daniel. Capitalist. Born July 9, 1856, Phila-delphia, Pa. Son of Meyer Guggenheim and Barbara Myers.Educated at Philadelphia, Pa. Married, 1884, Florence Shloss.At seventeen years of age went to Switzerland and conductedmanufacture of embroideries for eleven years. Chairman Execu-tive Committee American Smelting and Refining Company; presi-dent Guggenheim Exploration Company; member firm of M.Guggenheim's Sons, and member Executive Committee and di-rector National Bank of Commerce, New York; trustee TempleEmanu-El, New York; member Executive Committee and treas-urer Jewish Theological Seminary of America, New York. Ad-dress: 12 West 54th, New York.

Guggenheim, Isaac. Member firm of M. Guggenheim's Sons.Born June 7, 1854, Philadelphia, Pa. Son of Meyer Guggenheimand Barbara Myers. Educated at Philadelphia. Married CarrieSonneborn. Treasurer and director American Smelting and Refin-ing Company, and Guggenheim Exploration Company; directorNational Park Bank, Plaza Bank, International Banking Corpor-ation, and Educational Alliance, all of New York. Address: 763Fifth Av., New York.

Guggenheim, Simon. Capitalist. Born December 30, 1867, Phil-adelphia, Pa. Son of Meyer Guggenheim and Barbara Myers.Educated at Philadelphia; studied languages abroad. MarriedOlga Hirsh. Director and member Executive Committee Ameri-can Smelting and Refining Company; managing director Guggen-heim Exploration Company, and director and member ExecutiveCommittee United Lead Company. Address: 71 Broadway, NewYork.

Guggenheim, Solomon R. Capitalist. Born February 2, 1861,Philadelphia, Pa. Son of Meyer Guggenheim and Barbara Myers.Educated at Philadelphia, Pa., Concordia Institute of St. Gallen,and at Zurich, Switzerland. Married Irene Rothschild. Directorand member Executive Committee American Smelting and Refin-ing Company; chairman Board United Lead Company; managingdirector Guggenheim Exploration Company. Was presidentGreat Mexican National Smelting Company before merger withAmerican Smelting and Refining Company. Address: 71 Broad-way, New York.


Guggenheim, William. Capitalist. Born November 6, 1868,Philadelphia, Pa. Son of Meyer Guggenheim and Barbara Myers.Educated at Philadelphia public schools and high school; pur-sued scientific course at University of Pennsylvania, 1885-1887;entered Wharton School of Finance with intention of studyinglaw on completing course, but returned to Scientific DepartmentUniversity of Pennsylvania (B. S., 1889). Superintendent Phila-delphia Smelting and Refining Company, Pueblo, Colo., 1890-1891;general manager M. Guggenheim's Sons mining and smeltinginterests in the Republic of Mexico, 1891-1901; constructed theirlead smelting works at Monterey, Nuevo Leon, 1891; and theirlead and copper smelting establishment at Aguascalientes, 1894.Was secretary and treasurer of these two companies; vice-presi-dent and treasurer Philadelphia Smelting and Refining Company,Pueblo. Retired from active business pursuits when these com-panies were consolidated and merged with others, 1901. At pres-ent member of firm of M. Guggenheim's Sons, New York. Inter-ested in charitable and educational affairs. Member PennsylvaniaSociety of New York, member and vice-president New YorkAlumni Society University of Pennsylvania. Address: 500 FifthAv., New York.

Guggenheimer, Aimee. Librarian Bureau of Forestry, UnitedStates Department of Agriculture (resigned June 1, 1904). BornOctober 20, 1875, Baltimore, Md. Daughter of Isaac Guggen-heimer and Clara Hirsh. Educated at Baltimore public schools,and Southern Home School, Baltimore. B. A., 1896, Woman'sCollege, Baltimore; B. L. S., 1899, New York State Library School,Albany. Librarian Bureau of Forestry, United States Departmentof Agriculture, 1899-1904. Author: Frobel and the Kindergarten(New York State Library, Bibliography 26), 1901. Address: 1704Madison Av., Baltimore, Md.

Guggenheimer, Randolph. Lawyer. Born July 20, 1848, Lynch-burg, Va. Graduate New York University Law School, 1869.Married Eliza Katzenberg, 1875. Entered, 1869, upon practice oflaw; 1882, formed partnership with Isaac and Samuel Untermyer;since 1893 the firm is Guggenheimer, Untermyer, and Marshall.School Commissioner of City of New York, 1887-1896; securedenlarged accommodations for the children of school age; pro-moted the evening high school system, and the Free Lecturecourses; obtained legislative grant of $25,000 for a gymnasiumat the Normal College; advocated the retention of the Germanlanguage on the school curriculum. President Municipal CouncilCity of New York, 1898-1902, acting as Mayor of the city duringthe summers of those four years. Erected New York Commercial


Building, pioneer of the large office buildings on Broadway.Address: 923 Fifth Av., New York.

*Gump, David R. Second Lieutenant, United States Army.Born May 19, 1880, Missouri. Private and corporal coast artillery(general recording sergeant), 1901-1902; appointed second lieu-tenant 18th Regiment Infantry, October 28, 1902. Address: WarDepartment, Washington, D. C.

Hahn, Frederick E. First Violinist Hahn String Quartette,Philadelphia; violin instructor. Born March 23, 1869, New YorkCity. Son of Henry Hahn and Clara Mayer. Educated at LeipzigConservatory of Music, 1886-1890; won violin prize for solo play-ing, 1890. Member Gewandhaus Orchestra, Leipzig, Germany, 1888-1890, Carl Reinesche, director; made concert tour of the UnitedStates, playing in principal cities; became member and for fiveyears first violinist Boston Symphony Orchestra under ArthurNikisch and Emil Paur; retired on account of eye-trouble; settledin Philadelphia. Composer of songs, violin solos, and two piecesfor string orchestra (all in MS.). Address: 1524 Chestnut, Phila-delphia, Pa.

Hallgarten, Charles L. Born November 18, 1838, at Mainz,Germany. Son of Lazarus Hallgarten. Educated at Mainz andMannheim, Germany, and at New York. Married Elise Mainzer(deceased). Connected with various mercantile houses; activein firm of Hallgarten and Herzfeld, 1856-1862; Hallgarten andCompany, 1864-1877. Now special partner in firm of Hallgartenand Company, New York. Active in charity and communal workin Frankfort on the Main since 1883. Address: Miquelstrasse, 21,Frankfort on the Main, Germany.

Hamburger, Louis Philip. Physician. Born September 18,1874, Baltimore, Md. Son of Phillip Hamburger and RachelBernei. Educated at Baltimore public schools, and pursuedcourses at Maryland College of Pharmacy, and University ofBerlin. A. B., 1893; M. D., 1897, Johns Hopkins University. Mar-ried Freda Hamburger. Resident house officer Johns HopkinsHospital, 1897-1898; assistant in medicine, 1899-1900, and in-structor in medicine, 1900, Johns Hopkins Medical School. Nowassociate in medicine Johns Hopkins Medical School; clinicalassistant Johns Hopkins Hospital Dispensary; visiting physicianUnion Protestant Infirmary; consulting physician Hebrew Hos-pital; examining physician National Jewish Hospital for Con-sumptives. Has contributed to medical journals. Address: 1210Eutaw Place, Baltimore, Md.


Hammerstein, Oscar. Theatrical Manager. Born May 8, 1848,Berlin, Germany. Son of Abraham Hammerstein. Educated atBerlin. Married Malvina Jacoby. Has been active as journalist,editor, theatre builder, and theatrical manager. Inventor ofmachinery. Composer of several songs, and the operas Margueritaand Santa Maria. Address: Victoria Theatre, New York.

Harburger, Julius. Under Sheriff, County of New York. BornFebruary 22, 1851, New York. Son of Joseph Harburger andRosa Bernstein. Educated at New York public schools. MarriedLena Reutlinger. Appointed, 1881, interpreter, and 1887-1895,clerk Fourth District Municipal Court; excise commissioner, 1895;elected to legislature of New York, 1898, 1899, 1900, and 1901; re-appointed clerk of court, 1901; resigned 1902 to become undersheriff County of New York. Has been member of Free Sons ofIsrael for thirty-one years; United States Grand Master of theOrder, 1891-1901; and governor Home of B'nai B'rith, Yonkers.Has represented the Tenth District of New York City in Tam-many Hall for six consecutive years. Address: 50 St. MarksPlace, New York.

Harby, Lee C. Writer. Born September 7, 1849, Charleston,S. C. Daughter of Marx E. Cohen and Armida Harby. Educatedat home by father (gold medal graduate of Glasgow University),and her grandaunt, Caroline de Litchfleld Harby. Married JacobDe La Motta Harby. Has been director Daughters of the Con-federacy of Charleston; and is now director Memorial Associa-tion of Charleston. Was chairman of Literature, Sorosis Society,New York; historian and recording secretary Daughters of theAmerican Revolution in Charleston; member Board of LadyManagers, Executive Committee, and Press Committee, and chair-man Convocation Committee, Charleston Exposition. Memberof various historical societies, and of Society of Authors inLondon and in New York. Read twice before the AmericanHistorical Society in Washington, on Land of the Tejas andEarliest Texas. Author: Judy Robinson, Milliner; The City ofa Prince; Texas Types and Contrasts; The Old Stone Fort atNacogdoches; An Historical Town; Romance of an Old Town;Fidelia; Dr. Bodley; Jessamine; and a number of poems. Wonhundred dollar prize for the words for an official Flag Song forthe State of Texas, since set to music and used in public schoolsand colleges of the State. Address: Charleston, S. C.

Harkavy, Alexander. Representative of the Hebrew ImmigrantAid Society of New York at Ellis Island, N. Y. Born May 5, 1863,Nowogrudok, Minsk, Russia. Son of Joseph Moses Harkavy and


Freide Kulik. Educated at Cheder and the Talmud Torah inBible and Talmud; private instruction in ancient and modernlanguages and the sciences. Married Bella Segalowska. At four-teen issued a handwritten journal in Hebrew. Employed, 1879-1882, in printing establishment of Widow and Brothers Romm,Wilna, as type polisher and invoice clerk. Came to America in1882; worked on a farm in Dutchess County, N. Y., in variousfactories, and then became a private teacher. Lived in Paris,1885; returned to America, 1886; teacher of Hebrew at school ofShaar Hashamayim Congregation, Montreal, Can., 1886-1887. Oneditorial staff The Abend-Post, New York, 1902-1903. Founderand secretary Hoveve Zion Association, New York, 1885; founderand president Hoveve Zion Association, Montreal, 1887; founderand president I. B. L. Literary Society, Baltimore, 1888. Hascontributed articles, since 1885, on linguistic, timely, and literarytopics, to numerous English, Hebrew, and Yiddish journals, inEurope and America. Editor: Die Zeit (Yiddish), Montreal,1889; Der judischer Progress (Yiddish), Baltimore, 1900; DerLiigner (Yiddish, with A. Tannenbaum), New York, 1892; TheHebrew American Weekly (English), New York, 1894; Der neuerGeist (Yiddish), New York, 1897; Judisch Amerikanischer Volks-Kalender (Yiddish), New York, 1894-1900; Der zwanzigster Jahr-hundert (Yiddish almanac), 1900. Author: A number of manualsof the English language, Yiddish-English, Russian-English, He-brew-English; dictionaries, vocabularies, phrase books, conver-sation books, letter writers, etc.; biographies (in Yiddish) ofWashington and Columbus; defenses of the Yiddish language, andtreatises on it; and his Autobiography (1903). Address: 427East 122d, New York.

Hart, John I. Dentist. Born August 7, 1865, at New York.Son of Benjamin J. Hart and Harriette Morrison. Educated atColumbia Grammar School and New York College of Dentistry;D. D. S., 1886. Married Augusta J. Solomon. President, AlumniAssociation New York College of Dentistry; New York Odon-tological Society; First District Dental Society. Vice-presidentNational Dental Association; professor Operative Dentistry, Den-tal Pathology, and Therapeutics, New York Dental School. Trus-tee Congregation Shaaray Teflllah. Publications: Minute Struc-ture of Dentine, in Dental Cosmos, 1891; Diseases of the Antrum,read before Dental Society, State of New York, at Albany, 1890;A Plea for the Maintenance of High Preliminary EducationalRequirements, read before Eighth District Dental Society, Stateof New York; The Care of the Teeth from the Second to theTwelfth Year, in Information; and The Profession of Dentistry,in Success. Address: 118 West 55th, New York,


*Hauser, Carl Frankl. Humorist and Writer. Born December27, 1847, Janoshaza, Hungary. Received rudimentary secular andTalmudic education at home. Obtained free scholarship at theTheatre Academy, Vienna; accepted engagements with the ViennaStadttheater, 1872, remaining over two years; and with the Dukeof Meiningen's troupe, at Berlin, 1875. Emigrated to New York,1875; was engaged for one season at the Germania Theatre; andat Thalia Theatre, 1879-1881. Joined staff of Puck, German edi-tion, 1876; associate editor, 1876-1879, 1881-1892. Founded Ger-man humorous weekly, Hallo, 1892, conducting it for abouttwo years; joined staff of The New York Herald, and was acontributor for two years; founder of Biirger-und-Bauern Kalen-der (annual), 1897. Author: Twenty-five Years in America:Recollections of a Humorous Nature, 1900; the libretto to Made-leine, the Rose of Champagne. Contributed to Puck a seriesentitled Letters of Dobbljew Zizzesbeisser. Has taken part inmany reform movements as member of German-American ReformUnion and Citizens' Union. Popular lecturer. Address: 171 East83d, New York.

Hays, Daniel P. Lawyer. Born March 28, 1854, Pleasantville,Westchester County, New York. Son of David Hays and JudithS. Peixotto (daughter of Dr. D. L. M. Peixotto, medical author).Educated at New York public schools and College City of NewYork. LL. B., 1875, Columbia Law School. Married RachelHershfleld. President village of Pleasantville; Temple Israel ofHarlem; Young Men's Hebrew Association, New York; and Har-lem Democratic Club. Chairman Municipal Civil Service Com-mission, New York; sheriff's counsel New York City; and gradecommissioner. Secretary Jewish Theological Seminary before itsreorganization; member Board of Trustees Jewish PublicationSociety of America. Member firm of Hays and Greenbaum forseventeen years, now Hays and Hershfleld. Active as trial lawyerat New York bar. Resides on old homestead farm, in family since1785, at Pleasantville. Address: 141 Broadway, New York.

Heilprin, Angelo. Lecturer in Physical Geography, SheffieldScientific School of Yale University. Born March 31, 1853, Sator-alya-Ujhely, Hungary. Son of Michael Heilprin and HenriettaSilber. Studied at Royal School of Mines, London, Geneva, etc.Professor Invertebrate Paleontology, subsequently Geology, andcurator in charge, Academy Natural Sciences, Philadelphia; pro-fessor Geology Wagner Free Institute of Science, Philadelphia;president Geographical Society of Philadelphia, and vice-presidentAmerican Alpine Club. Has made journeys in Okeechobee Wil-derness of Florida, 1886; Mexico, 1890; North Africa, 1896;

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES H 3

Klondike, 1898-1899. Leader Peary Relief Expedition (Green-land), 1892. Ascended Arizaba, Popocatepetl, Ixtaccihuatl, etc.,in Mexico, 1890; Pelee, Martinique, 1902-1903. Author: Ex-plorations in Okeechobee Wilderness; The Bermuda Islands;Geographical and Geological Distribution of Animals; Town Geol-ogy; Geological Evidences of Evolution; Alaska and the Klon-dike; and Mont Pelee and the Tragedy of Martinique; etc. Ad-dress: Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pa.

Heilprin, Louis. Encyclopedist. Born July 2, 1851, Miskolcz,Hungary. Son of Michael Heilprin and Henrietta Silber. Hasbeen connected with various encyclopedic publications, includingNew International Encyclopedia, and Lippincott's Gazetteer, notyet completed. Author: The Historical Reference Book, 1884,sixth edition, 1899; The Reformed Primer and First Reader, 1900.Address: 219 West 138th, New York.

Held, Anna. Star, Theatrical Company and Anna Held OperaCompany. Born September 19, 1878, Paris, France. Daughter ofJean Held and Emilie Estephe. Educated at Paris. MarriedFlorenz Ziegfeld, Jr. Star Anna Held Opera Company for sevenyears, producing Smith and De Koven's operas, Papa's Wife, andThe Little Duchess; and Jean Richepin and Gustav Luder'sMam'selle Napoleon. Actress and leading comedienne Folies Ber-gere, Paris, four years. Address: 86, Faubourg St. Honore, Paris,France.

Heller, Joseph Milton. Physician, Professor Tropical Diseases,George Washington University, Washington. Born January 29,1872, Staunton, Va. Son of Jonas Heller and Pauline Frank. Edu-cated at Washington, D. C, and Streator, 111., public schools; pri-vate tuition from Professor Fisher, Waverly School, Washington.M. D., 1896, Georgetown University. Resident physician GarfieldHospital, Washington, 1896-1897; assistant demonstrator Anat-omy, University of Georgetown, 1898; acting assistant surgeonUnited States Army, 1898-1900; major and surgeon United StatesVolunteers, 1901-1902, the first appointment made by the Presi-dent under the Army Reorganization Bill of 1901, consequentlythe ranking major and surgeon of Volunteers. Was recommendedin General Lawton's report for attending wounded under fire, incampaign of Northern Luzon, P. I.; recommended by cable toWar Department, for promotion, by General Otis, 1900; com-mended for efficient supervision and quarantine of water supplyof Manila, P. I., during cholera epidemic, 1902. Address: 1510 H,N. W., Washington, D. C.


Hellman, Frances. Born October 4, 1853, New York. Daughterof Joseph Seligman and Babette Steinhart. Educated in NewYork. Studied in Germany for a few years. Married TheodoreHellman (deceased). Has been president and director of sev-eral charitable and educational institutions, and is interestedin musical and literary affairs. Has been school inspector inNew York. Translated from the German: Heine's Lyrics andBallads; Kinkel's Tanagra; from the French: Leroy-Beaulieu'sIsrael among the Nations. Address: care George S. Hellman, 309West 80th, New York.

Herbst, Eva. Teacher. Born January 3, 1867, near Cincinnati,O. Daughter of Lemuel Herbst and Lena Joseph. Educated atCincinnati High School, and Cincinnati Normal School. Primaryteacher Cincinnati public schools; Hebrew Sabbath School teacher,K. K. Bene Israel, Cincinnati. Author: Tales and Customs ofthe Ancient Hebrews for Young Readers. Address: 1308 Locust,East Walnut Hills, Cincinnati, O.

Hermalin, David M. Playwright. Born May 12, 1865, Vaslin,Roumania. Son of Abraham Abba Hermalin. Educated in Buch-arest, Roumania. Married Henrietta Lustgarten. Was connected asjournalist with Roumanian newspapers in Bucharest; compelledto leave for protesting against the persecution of Jews; arrivedin New York, 1886; taught French, then Hebrew. Was editorDaily Jewish Herald, and The Jewish World. Translated intoYiddish most of Zola's and Tolstoi's works; Gulliver's Travels;and Bernstein's Popular Science. Has written a Hebrew pam-phlet on The Jews and the Freemasons; and in English an articleon Roumanian Jews in America. Author: Die Gottheit; DieLiebe (both scientific dissertations), and the following novels:Die Heirath; Freie Liebe; Letzter Blutsturz; all in Yiddish.Has written nine plays. Address: 102 Powell, Brooklyn.

Herrman, Henry. S. President Union Exchange Bank of NewYork. Born April 27, 1847, New York. Son of Simon Herrmanand Celia Hubert. Educated at New York public schools andprivately. Married Jennie Goodman. Was president MutualRelief Association of New York for sixteen years; president GrandLodge Independent Order B'nai B'rith, 1877-1879; master Mt.Neboh Lodge, F. and A. M., 1888-1889. Is director of MontefioreHome for Chronic Invalids since 1892; trustee of Temple Beth Elsince 1889; and vice-president Hudson Realty Company. Foundedfirm of Hellman and Herrman, 1870, which became Henry S.Herrman & Co., and dissolved, 1886; entered real estate businessas Adler & Herrman, 1887. Residence: 54 East 80th, New York.Office: 5th Av. corner 20th, New York.


Herrmann, Leon. Prestidigitateur. Born March 13, 1867, Paris,France. Son of Benjamin Herrmann and Caroline Hirshmann.Educated at College Springer, Paris, France. Married Marie Vedie.Was under direction of his uncle, Carl Herrmann, when twelveyears old; succeeded him in 1887. Has given performances ofmagic in every large city in the world, and has appeared beforealmost all the crowned heads of Europe; has given a number ofcharitable entertainments for the benefit of Jewish institutions;gave performance for Hebrew Orphan Asylum, 1904, and for thebenefit of National Jewish Hospital for Consumptives at Denver.Address: 51 West 91st, New York.

Herts, Henry B. Architect and Engineer. Born January 23,1871, New York. Son of Henry B. Herts and Esther Moss.Studied at College City of New York, and Columbia University;Ecole National des Arts Decoratives and Ecole National desBeaux Arts, Paris, France; South Kensington Arts School, Lon-don, Eng.; at Heidelberg, Germany; and Villa Ludovica, Rome,Italy. Author: Theory of Modern Art; The Tenement HouseQuestion; Cement and Iron in Modern Structures. Works: BatesCollege, Lewiston, Me.; Smith College, Northampton, Mass.; VillaJulia, Lyceum Theatre, New Amsterdam Theatre, Liberty Theatre,New York; the Columbia Memorial, etc. Address: 32 East 28th,New York.

Hertz, Alfred. Musical Conductor at Metropolitan Opera House,New York. Born July 15, 1872, Frankfort on the Main, Germany.Son of Leo Hertz and Sara Koenigswerther. Educated at Gym-nasium, Frankfort on the Main, and Raff Conservatorium. Con-ductor Hoftheater, Altenburg, Saxony, 1892-1895; Stadttheater,Barmen-Elberfeld, 1895-1899; Stadttheater, Breslau, 1899-1902.Conductor of concerts in London, 1899; of German operas at theMetropolitan Opera House, New York, since 1902. Decoratedwith order for Art and Science of Saxony, 1894. Conducted firstperformance of Parsifal outside of Bayreuth, at MetropolitanOpera House, 1903. Address: Metropolitan Opera House, NewYork.

Hessberg, Albert. Lawyer (retired). Born December 13, 1856,Albany, N. Y. Son of Simon Hessberg and Hannah Westheimer.Educated at Albany public and high schools. Married FrederikaCohen. Was assistant corporation counsel, commissioner to draftCode of Laws and Ordinances for the City of Albany, and re-corder City of Albany. Governor Albany Hospital; trustee SouthEnd Dispensary, and Albany City Savings Institution; presidentAlbany Jewish Home Society, and Capitol Railway of Albany;


treasurer and has been vice-president New York State Bar Asso-ciation; director Cohoes Railway Company, local board AmericanSurety Company, City Safe Deposit Company, and Home Tele-phone Company; ex-president Gideon Lodge, Independent OrderB'nai B'rith; treasurer University Extension Centre; memberExecutive Committee Albany Branch Industrial Removal Society.Member law firm of Rosendale and Hessberg, successors to Peck-ham, Rosendale, and Hessberg. Office: 57 State. Residence: 222Lancaster, Albany, N. Y.

Hessberg, Samuel. Banker and Broker. Born June 13, 1859,Albany, N. Y. Son of Simon Hessberg and Hannah Westheimer.Educated at Albany public and high schools. Married Rose G.Brilleman. President Adelphi Club; vice-president Young Men'sAssociation; trustee Union Trust Company. Prominent in re-organization of Distilling and Cattle Feeding Company. SentNorthern Pacific stock by special train to New York from Albanyduring corner in Northern Pacific stock, 1901. Address: 38 Wil-lett, Albany, N. Y.

Heyman, Seymour C. President Chamber of Commerce, Okla-homa City. Born August 1, 1861, New York. Son of Caesar Hey-man and Caroline Steinberg. Educated at New York publicschools and College City of New York. Married Beckie Gerson.Treasurer Roosevelt's Rough Rider Reunion, 1900; MasonicLodge; Fairlawn Cemetery Association, and Cattlemen's Conven-tion, 1904. Oklahoma delegate to Washington, 1902, in behalf ofsingle statehood. Chairman Committee World's Fair Affair, Okla-homa City. Was president Hebrew Congregation, and has severaltimes refused nomination by Democratic party for mayor, as wellas other political offices. Exalted Ruler Elks. Address: 108Main, Oklahoma City, O. T.

Hillkowitz, Philip. Physician. Born September 7, 1873, Salant,Kovno, Russia. Son of Rabbi Elias H. Hillkowitz. Educatedat Cincinnati public and high schools. B. S., 1894, University ofCincinnati; M. D., 1897, Ohio Medical College. Professor Path-ology, Denver and Gross College of Medicine, Denver, Colo.; path-ologist Denver County and City Hospital, National Jewish Hos-pital for Consumptives, St. Anthony's Hospital, and Mercy Hos-pital; chemist Colorado State Board of Health. Emigrated toUnited States, 1885; settled in Cincinnati; moved to Denver, 1897;while at University and Medical College was translator and cor-respondent in French, German, Spanish, Italian, and Russian toCincinnati firms engaged in export business. Address: 1427Stout, Denver, Colo.


*Hillquit, Morris. Lawyer. Born August 1, 1870, Riga, Russia.Educated at Riga Gymnasium. Emigrated to the United States,1887; studied law, and was admitted to New York bar, 1893.Active in the Socialist movement since 1888; delegate to Rochesterconvention, 1899-1900; served as a representative of the Rochesterwing of the Socialist Labor party at Unity convention held atIndianapolis, 1900, and was prominent in fusion of his party withthe Social Democratic party founded by Eugene V. Debs. Nationalcommitteeman from the State of New York, 1903. Counsel for anumber of trade unions during labor disputes. Has contributednumerous articles to the Socialist press of America. Author:The History of Socialism in the United States, 1903. Address:320 Broadway, New York.

*Hirsch, Harry J. Captain, Infantry, United States Army. BornDecember 29, 1867, Pennsylvania. Graduate Central High School,Philadelphia, 1885. Cadet Military Academy, 1887; second lieu-tenant 15th Regiment Infantry, 1891; first lieutenant, 18th Regi-ment Infantry, 1897; transferred to 4th Regiment Infantry, 1900;appointed captain 25th Regiment Infantry, July 13, 1900; trans-ferred to 20th Regiment Infantry, July 30, 1900. Address: WarDepartment, Washington, D. C.

Hirschberg, Michael Henry. Presiding Justice of the Appel-late Division of the Supreme Court, State of New York, SecondDepartment. Born April 12, 1847, Newburgh, N. Y. Son ofHenry M. Hirschberg and Fanny Francks. Married LizzieMcAlles. Was special county judge and district attorney OrangeCounty, N. Y.; president Board of Education, Newburgh; statedelegate to constitutional convention, New York State, 1894;justice Supreme Court, 1896; appointed on Appellate Division,1900; presiding justice, 1904. Address: Supreme Court, New-burgh, N. Y.

Hirschfelder, J. V. Professor Clinical Medicine, Cooper MedicalCollege, San Francisco. Born September 8, 1854, Oakland, Cal.Son of Aaron Hirschfelder and Henrietta Block. Educated atSan Francisco public schools. Studied at University of California,1869-1871. M. D., 1876, University of Leipzig. Married ClaraHonigsberger. Professor Materia Medica, 1879-1881, and professorClinical Medicine, 1881-1882, Medical College of the Pacific; pro-fessor Clinical Medicine, Cooper Medical College, since 1882. Haswritten various articles for medical journals, and for Cyclopaediaof Diseases of Children, also Monograph on Treatment of Tubercu-losis. Residence: 1392 Geary. Office: 481 Geary, San Francisco,Cal.


Hirsh, Abram Bernheim. Physician. Born March 21, 1858,Lancaster, Pa. Son of Herman Hirsh and Augusta Bernheim.Educated at Lancaster public schools. M. D., 1882, Jefferson Col-lege, Philadelphia. Pursued post-graduate courses in Berlin andother European cities. Fellow College of Physicians of Phila-delphia, 1888. Married Olga Tachau. Resident physician GermanHospital; instructor Operative Gynaecology, Jefferson College; ad-junct professor Orthopaedic Surgery, Polyclinic; physician to Char-ity Hospital, and Home for Aged Couples, all of Philadelphia.Member American Medical Association, Pennsylvania State Medi-cal Society, Philadelphia County Medical Society, College ofPhysicians, Philadelphia, Medical Jurisprudence Society, andMedical Club. Ex-president Medico-Legal Society of Philadelphia.Has done editorial work on medical journals and text books.Address: 1711 Diamond, Philadelphia, Pa.

Hirsh, Hugo. Lawyer. Born December 22, 1848, in Germany.Son of Philip Hirsh and Dorothea Indig. Educated in New Yorkpublic schools; studied law in office of the late Anthony Barrettuntil admission to bar. Married Katie A. Burhaus. Counsel toBrooklyn Board of Police and to sheriff of Kings County. WasRepublican candidate for Supreme Court judge, but was defeated,1895; counsel to Assembly Cities Committee to investigate Depart-ment of Charities in Kings County, 1895. Thirty-second degreeMason, member of Kismet Temple. Author: On Juries; Tabu-lated Digest of the Divorce Laws of the United States. Has con-tributed articles to magazines. Address: Temple Bar, 44 Court,Brooklyn, N. Y.

Hirsh, Jose Lewis. Physician; Professor of Pathology, Univer-sity of Maryland. Born September 12, 1871, Philadelphia, Pa.Son of Henry Hirsh and Babette Strauss. A. B., 1892, JohnsHopkins University; M. D., 1895, University of Maryland; andpursued post-graduate courses in medicine at Johns HopkinsHospital, 1895-1896, and University of Berlin, 1896-1898. MarriedAmelia Moses. Demonstrator Embryology, University of Mary-land, 1898; lecturer on Bacteriology, Woman's Medical College,1899; assistant professor Pathology, 1900, professor Pathology,1901, University of Maryland; coroner Baltimore City, 1902-1904.Has written numerous monographs on Bacteriology, Pathology,and Diseases of Children. Address: 1819 Linden Av., Balti-more, Md.

Hirshinger, Herbert Jay. Captain United States Marine Corps.Born at Thomasville, Ga. Son of Jay Hirshinger and MarionHeineman. Educated at public schools and Staunton Military


Academy, Staunton, Va. Married Ethel Millikin. Second lieu-tenant 1st N. C. Volunteers in war with Spain. Appointed secondlieutenant United States Marine Corps, January, 1900; first lieu-tenant, July, 1900, captain, December, 1904. Served in war withSpain in Cuba; in China Relief Expedition, 1900; in Philippines,1900-1903; Panama, 1903-1904; and on several ships United StatesNavy. Address: Marine Barracks, Navy Yard, League Island,Pa.

Hoffheimer, Harry Max. Justice Superior Court, Cincinnati, O.Born August, 1868, Cincinnati, O. Son of Max Hoffheimer andSarah Rauh. Educated at Cincinnati public schools; pursuedspecial course at Harvard. LL. B., 1889, Cincinnati Law School.Married Stella Feiss. For two years assistant corporation counselCity of Cincinnati; elected member Ohio House of Representa-tives; resigned after session to assume duties of prosecutingattorney for Hamilton County, and was re-elected, 1903. Appointedto fill vacancy on bench of Superior Court by Governor M. T.Herrick, 1904. Address: 2335 Grandview Av., Walnut Hills,Cincinnati, O.

Hoffman, Benjamin. Justice Municipal Court, Borough of Man-hattan, Fifth District, New York. Born April 15, 1864, NewYork. Son of David L. Hoffman and Babette Heilman. Educatedat New York public schools. LL. B., University of New York.Married Rebecca Wallenstein. Member of State Assembly, 1895-1899. One of minority members Mazet Special Committee toinvestigate the affairs of the City of New York, 1899. Address:271 Seventh, New York.

Hollander, Jacob H. Professor of Political Economy, JohnsHopkins University, Baltimore, Md. Born July 23, 1871, Balti-more, Md. A. B., 1891; Ph.D., 1894, Johns Hopkins University.Instructor Political Economy, Amherst College, 1894. Instructor,1895, associate, 1896, and associate professor Finance, 1899-1900,Johns Hopkins University; associate professor Political Economy,1900-1902, director of department, 1902-1904, professor and headof department, 1904, Johns Hopkins University. Secretary Bime-tallic Commission abroad in 1897; chairman Municipal LightingCommission, City of Baltimore, 1900; chairman Committee onMunicipal Finance, Baltimore Reform League; appointed specialcommissioner to revise the laws relating to taxation in PuertoRico by Secretary of War, 1900; while engaged in this servicewas appointed treasurer of Puerto Rico by President McKinley;organized treasury department and devised and introduced pres-ent revenue system (Hollander Law) of island, resigning August,


1901, after system was in successful operation. Appointed, 1904,special agent for the United States to devise a system of taxationfor Indian Territory. Member of various historical, economic, andstatistical societies. Trustee American Jewish Historical Society,and member Publication Committee, Jewish Publication Society ofAmerica. Author: The Cincinnati Southern Railway, A Studyin Municipal Activity, 1894; The Financial History of Baltimore,1899; Letters of David Ricardo to J. R. McCulloch, 1895 (edited);Letters of David Ricardo to Hutches Trower (edited, with JamesBonar, LL. D.), 1899; The Financial History of Baltimore, 1899;Studies in State Taxation, with particular reference to the South-ern States, 1900; Reprint of Economic Tracts (edited), 1903.Contributor to economic and other journals and PublicationsAmerican Jewish Historical Society. Address: 2011 Eutaw Place,Baltimore, Md.

"Horowitz, Moses Ha-Levi. Playwright. Born Adar 7, 1844,Stanislau, Galicia. Established Jewish theatre at Bucharest, 1876,and was the first to introduce actresses on the Jewish stage.Went to New York, 1884, with a company of his own. Has writtenone hundred and sixty-nine plays, among them, Das PolischeYingel; Schlome Chochom; Kuzri; Chochmath Noshim; BenHador; Yetziath Mizraim; Tissa Eslar, and a play on KishinefE.Address: Windsor Theatre, Bowery, New York.

Hourwich, Isaac A. Expert Special Agent, Bureau of theCensus. Born April 27, 1860, Wilna, Russia. Son of AdolphHourwich and Rebecca Shevelevich. Educated at Classical Gym-nasium, Minsk; studied at University of St. Petersburg, Russia;LL. M., 1887, Demidov Juridical Lyceum, Jaroslav, Russia; Ph. D.,1893, Columbia University, New York. Married Louise Joffe.Docent in Statistics, University of Chicago, 1893-1895; instructorin Statistics, Columbian (now George Washington) University,Washington, D. C, 1901-1903; translator, Bureau of the Mint,1900-1902; expert special agent, Bureau of the Census, since 1902.Imprisoned four times in Russia for being " politically unsafe,"and deported to Siberia for four years. Emigrated to escapefurther unpleasantness. Practiced law three years in Russia, andseven years in the United States. Author: Peasant Emigrationto Siberia (in Russian), 1888; The Economics of the Russian Vil-lage, 1893. Has written a number of articles and monographs forperiodical publications. Address: 1347 East Capitol, Washing-ton, D. C.

Htihner, Leon. Lawyer. Born September 18, 1871, Berlin,Germany. Son of Edward Huhner and Minna Jakmuss. B. A.,


1890, College City of New York; M. A., 1893, and LL. B., 1893,Columbia University. Came to New York in 1876. Curator Amer-ican Jewish Historical Society. Author: Francis Salvador, aProminent Patriot of the Revolutionary War; The Jews ofGeorgia in Colonial Times; The Jews of New England prior to1800; Gershom Mendez Seixas, the Patriot Jewish Minister ofthe American Revolution; and a number of additional essays onthe history of the Jews in America; Andrew H. Green, a Tributeto his Memory, 1903. Contributed articles to the Publications ofthe American Jewish Historical Society, Jewish Encyclopedia,Jewish Comment, American Hebrew, and other periodicals. Ad-dress: 64 East 58th, New York.

Hummel, Abraham Henry. Lawyer. Born July 27, 1850, Bos-ton, Mass. Son of Moses Hummel and Hannah Newburge. Edu-cated at New York public schools. Counsel for theatrical mana-gers of America and Great Britain; also attorney for Frenchdramatic authors. Address: 346 Broadway, New York.

Husik, Isaac. Instructor in Hebrew, Gratz College, Philadel-phia, Pa. Born February, 1876, at Vasentinez, Poltava, Russia.Son of Wolf Husik and Hanna Pia Husik. Received privateHebrew instruction in Russia before age of twelve; studied withRev. Dr. Sabato Morais, and at Central High School of Philadel-phia. A. B., 1897; A. M., 1899; Ph. D., 1903, University of Pennsyl-vania. Holder of University Research Fellowship in Philosophy,University of Pennsylvania. Teacher of Hebrew, Hebrew SchoolNo. 3, Hebrew Education Society, Philadelphia. Has ready forpublication: Messer Leon's Commentary upon the Vetus Logica;The Categories of Aristotle. Has contributed to the JewishEncyclopedia. Address: 616 Morris, Philadelphia, Pa.

Iliowizi, Henry. Author. Born January 2, 1850, Choinick,Minsk, Russia. Son of Elijah Sckorow and Dinah Moses. Studiedin the Chedarim of Choinick; the Talmudical College of Vietka,near Gomel; under Dr. H. Baerwald, Frankfort on the Main, 1870-1872; in the Jewish Teachers' Seminary, Berlin, under Ch. Hor-witz, 1872-1875; at the Jewish Theological Seminary, Breslau,1875-1877; and spent two years in London and Paris under theAnglo-Jewish Association and the Alliance Israelite Universelle.Naturalized in Roumania under the name Iliowizi. MarriedMathilda Flesch. Taught in school of the Alliance at Tetuan,Morocco, for three years, and for four years at Gibraltar. Emi-grated to the United States, 1880; preacher of CongregationSharai Tob, Minneapolis, Minn., 1881-1888; rabbi of Congre-gation Adath Jeshurun, Philadelphia, 1888-1901. Travelled in


the Azores and North Africa, 1901-1902; and now resides inLondon. Author: Sol (an epic poem); Herod (a tragedy);Joseph (a drama); Jewish Dreams and Realities; Saul (a Bibli-cal tragedy); Through Morocco to Minnesota; In the Pale; TheWeird Orient; The Archiery of Samara; The Quest of Columbus(an epic poem). Several works in press (The Hand of theKabbalist, The Little Fugitive, Zrofia Podolska). Address: 63Collingwood Av., Muswell Hill, N., London, Eng.

Illoway, Henry. Physician. Born November 29, 1849, at Kollin,Bohemia. Son of Rabbi Bernhard Illoway and Katharine Schiff.Educated in public schools and under private tutors. M. D., 1869,Miami Medical College, Cincinnati. Resident physician, Cincin-nati Hospital, 1869-1870; formerly professor Diseases of Children,Cincinnati College of Medicine and Surgery, and visiting physi-cian Jewish Hospital, Cincinnati. Has contributed articles to themedical press. Author: Constipation in Adults and Children;Ueber diatetische Vorschriften bei der Behandlung chronischerHerzleiden, in Berliner Klinik, 1903; The Summer Diarrhoeas ofInfants, in Berliner Klinik, 1904. Address: 1113 Madison Av.,New York.

Imber, Naphtali Herz. Author. Born December 25, 1856, Zlo-czow, Galicia. Son of Samuel Imber. Married Amanda KatieDavidson. Author: Barkai (two volumes of poems); Topics ofTo-day in the Talmud; Keynote to Mystical Science; Treasures ofAncient Jerusalem; The History of the Golden Calf; The Educa-tion of the Talmud; Autobiography (in press); Ha-Tikwah, theZionish anthem. Editor: Uriel, a monthly magazine, Boston.Address: care A. S. Freidus, New York Public Library, NewYork.

Isaacs, Isaac S. Lawyer. Born, 1845, New York. Son ofRabbi Samuel M. Isaacs and Jane Symmons. Educated at Forrestand Quackenbos' Collegiate School, New York. A. B., 1865; andA. M., 1867, New York University; LL. B., 1867, Columbia Uni-versity. Married Estelle Solomon (deceased). President WestEnd Synagogue since 1898; of Hebrew Benevolent Fuel Associa-tion since 1879; secretary United Hebrew Charities since 1879; afounder and, 1876-1879, president of Young Men's Hebrew Associa-tion; president Union of Jewish Congregations in New York, 1900;president first National Conference of the Jewish Charities of theUnited States, 1899; vice-president of the same, 1900. Editor ofThe Jewish Messenger, 1867-1878; contributor thereto, until 1902.Publisher of Friday Night (Jewish tales), 1871. Address: 110East 73d, New York,


Israels, Charles Henry. Architect. Born December 23, 1865,New York. Son of Lehman Israels (brother of Josef Israels, theDutch painter) and Florence Zilla Lazarus. Educated at IrvingInstitute, Tarrytown, and Art Students League, and studied fora short time in Paris. Married Belle Lindner. Employed bythe late Charles B. Atwood for some years; manager office ofRichard Berger; worked in many other offices during career asdraughtsman. Firm constructed Hahnemann Monument, Wash-ington, D. C; Hudson Theatre, Arlington Hotel, and WarringtonHotel, New York. Winners of second and third prizes in com-petition for Model Tenements held by Charity Organization So-ciety. Member American Institute of Architects, New YorkChapter Architectural League, and Municipal Art Society. Hasdone occasional newspaper work, chiefly for New York Herald.Writer for the technical press on architectural topics, especially onimproved tenements and on hotels and apartment houses. Edi-torial writer for Architecture. Residence: 179 West 97th. Office:31 West 31st, New York.

Jacob, Ephraim A. Attorney-at-law. Born January 14, 1845,Philadelphia, Pa. Son of Julius Jacob. B. S., College City ofNew York, and LL. B., Columbia University Law School. Mar-ried Miss Bendit. Justice of the Court of Special Sessions, Cityof New York, 1895-1901. Author: Jacob's Fisher's Digest of theEnglish Common Law (11 vols.) ; New York Common Pleas Re-ports (vols. 10-17 Daly's Reports). Address: 25 Broad, NewYork.

Jacobs, Joseph. Author and Critic. Born August 29, 1854,Sydney, N. S. W. Educated at Sydney Grammar School andUniversity; St. John's College, Cambridge, Eng. (senior moralist,1876). Also studied under Steinschneider and Lazarus, 1877, inBerlin. Secretary Society of Hebrew Literature, 1878-1884; secre-tary of the Mansion House Committee (in aid of RussianJewish immigrants), 1882-1900; honorary secretary Literatureand Art Committee of the Anglo-Jewish Historical Exhibition,1887; went to Spain to investigate Jewish manuscript sources,1888; lecturing tour in the United States, 1896; came to NewYork, 1900, to act as revising editor of the Jewish Encyclopedia,which position he now occupies. Corresponding member RoyalAcademy of History, Madrid, and Brooklyn Institute. One ofthe founders and, 1898-1899, president Jewish Historical Societyof England; one of the founders of the Maccabeans, London;member for many years of Executive Committee Anglo-JewishAssociation, and of conjoint committee of the same associationwith Board of Deputies, London, Was honorary secretary Inter-


national Folk-Lore Council, and, 1881, chairman literary com-mittee Folk-Lore Congress in London. Member Publication Com-mittee, Jewish Publication Society of America, 1904. Contributorto Jewish Chronicle, Journal of the Anthropological Institute,Athenaeum, and numerous other periodicals. Editor: Folk-Lore;Jewish Year Book (English), 1896-1899; Literary Year Book,1898-1899; The Jewish World, New York; and, at present, JewishCharity, New York. Has issued many collections of fairy tales,and many editions of the English classics. Edited: North'sFables of Bidpai, 1887; Caxton's ^sop , 1889; Painter's Palace ofPleasure, 1891; Howell's Familiar Letters, 1892; Day's Daphnisand Chloe, 1890. Has written introductions to Arabian Nights,Morris's Old French Romances, Austen's Emma, Chamisso's PeterSchlemihl, Thackeray's Esmond, etc. Author: Bibliography ofAnglo-Jewish History (with Lucien Wolf), 1887; English FairyTales, 1890; Studies in Jewish Statistics, 1890; Celtic Fairy Tales,1890; The Persecution of the Jews in Russia (appendix: Anti-Jewish Legislation in Russia), 1891; Indian Fairy Tales, 1892;Tennyson and In Memoriam, 1892; Jews of Angevin England,1893; More English Fairy Tales, 1893; Sources of the History ofthe Jews in Spain, 1894; More Celtic Fairy Tales, 1894; Studiesin Biblical Archaeology, 1894; Statistics of Jewish Population inLondon, 1894; iEsop's Fables, 1894; Literary Essays, 1895; Rey-nard the Fox, 1895; As Others Saw Him, 1895; Jewish Ideals,1896; Wonder Voyages, 1896; Story of Geographical Discovery,1898. Address: care Funk and Wagnalls Company, 44-60 East23d, New York.

Jacobson, Maurice. Librarian, Bureau of Statistics, Depart-ment of Commerce and Labor, Washington, D. C. Born July 5,1868, at Riga, Russia. Son of Lazar B. Jacobson and Ida Cohn.Educated at Riga Classical Gymnasium, 1879-1885; University ofMoscow, 1885-1890; School of Political Science, Columbia Univer-sity, New York, 1892-1893, 1894-1895. Author: The World's SugarProduction and Consumption, 1800-1900; Commercial Russia.Address: Bureau of Statistics, Department of Commerce andLabor, Washington, D. C.

Jacobson, Nathan. Physician and Surgeon. Born June 26,1857, Syracuse, N. Y. Son of Israel Jacobson and Mary Sulz-bacher. Educated at Syracuse high school. M. D., 1877, Collegeof Medicine, Syracuse University. Married Minnie Schwartz.Professor Clinical Surgery, College of Medicine, Syracuse Uni-versity; surgeon St. Joseph's Hospital, Syracuse, and consultingsurgeon Syracuse Hospital for Women and Children. Has con-tributed to medical societies and journals. Address: 430 SouthSalina, Syracuse, N. Y.


Jastrow, Joseph. Professor of Psychology, University of Wis-consin, Madison. Born January 30, 1863, Warsaw, Poland. Son ofRabbi Marcus Jastrow and Bertha Wolffsohn. Educated at RugbyAcademy, Philadelphia. A. B., 1882, University of Pennsylvania;Ph. D., 1886, Johns Hopkins University. Married Rachel Szold,1888. Fellow in Psychology, Johns Hopkins University, 1885-1886.In charge of psychological exhibit of Chicago World's Fair, 1893;president American Psychological Association, 1900. Author:Time Relations of Mental Phenomena, 1890; Fact and Fable inPsychology, 1900. Contributor to Psychological Review, AmericanJournal of Psychology; Popular Science Monthly; Century Maga-zine; Harper's Magazine; Scribner's; Educational Review; Har-per's Weekly; Science; etc. Address: 247 Langdon, Madison,Wis.

Jastrow, Morris, Jr. Professor Semitic Languages and Libra-rian, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. Born August 13,1861, Warsaw, Russia. Son of Rabbi Marcus Jastrow and BerthaWolffsohn. Educated at private schools, 1866-1877; B. A., 1881,University of Pennsylvania; Breslau and Leipzig Universities,1881-1884; Ph.D., Leipzig University; Paris and Strassburg Uni-versities, 1884-1885. Married Helen Bachman. One of the Secre-taries of the American Philosophical Society. Author: Religionof Babylonia and Assyria, 1898; Die Religion Babyloniens undAssyriens, 1902; The Study of Religion, 1901; two grammaticaltreatises of Abu Zakarijja Hayyug. Editor: Selected Essays ofJames Darmesteter (translated by Mrs. Jastrow), 1895. Editorof the Jewish Encyclopedia, Department of the Bible, vols. 1 and2, and Semitic Department, International Encyclopedia. Con-tributor to Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible, the EncyclopediaBiblica, etc. Has written numerous papers in technical periodi-cals. Address. 248 South 23d, Philadelphia, Pa.

Joffe, Joshua Abraham. Instructor in Talmud, especially Rab-binical Jurisprudence, Jewish Theological Seminary of America,at New York, since 1902. Born February 2, 1862, Nesvizh, Minsk,Russia. Son of Passah Joffe. Talmudic education received inNesvizh, Lechowitz, Selvde, and Volosin. Rabbinical authoriza-tion conferred by I. J. Reiness, 1881, and the " Hochschule" ofBerlin, 1888. Officiated as rabbi in Vishnove, 1880, and in Moabit(a suburb of Berlin), 1889-1892. Pursued courses in philosophyunder Paulsen, Zeller, and Lazarus; in history under Erdmanand Treitschke; and in Semitics under Sachau and Diteritzi, atthe University of Berlin, 1886-1890. Came to America, 1892;preceptor in Talmud and Rabbinical Ethics, Jewish TheologicalSeminary, 1892-1902; instructor in Hebrew and Jewish Ethics,


Hebrew Orphan Asylum, since 1893. Author: Emendationenin Talmud und Midrasch (in Israel), 1885; Zu Rappaport's ErechMillin (in Israel), 1886; Beitrage zur Geschichte der Amoraim(Berliner's Magazin), 1885; En Yafeh (specimens of a Tal-mudic Concordance not yet completed), 1885; Le-Toledot ha-Amoraim, 1886; Biography of Graetz (Rab Poalim Mekabziel),1887; Gabra de-Moreh Mesayeh (in Ha-Asif), 1887; Metibe Zaadva-Leket (in Ha-Asif), 1887; Al ha-Halifot ve-ha-Temurot (inHa-Zeflrah), 1887-1889; M. Lazarus, 1894; H. Steinthal, 1893, andSalvation without Noise, 1898 (in American Hebrew), 1898; Spiritof Judaism (in Hebrew Standard), 1896; Beni u-ben Chomi(in Jewish Exponent), 1901. Correspondence, editorial articles,etc., in various periodicals. Address: 530 West 123d, New York.

Jonas, Benjamin F. Attorney and Counsellor at Law. BornJuly 19, 1834, Williamstown, Kentucky. Son of Abraham Jonasand Louisa Block. Educated at private schools in Illinois; LL. B.,1855, Law University of Louisiana (now Tulane). Married Jose-phine A. Block. Member both branches Louisiana legislature,1865-1867, 1870, 1872, 1877-1878; city attorney New Orleans, 1874-1878; United States Senator from Louisiana, 1879-1885; collectorof customs at New Orleans, 1885-1889; member Democratic Na-tional Committee, Louisiana, 1876-1888. Has lived in Louisianaand practiced law there since 1853. Served in Confederate Armyduring Civil War, was paroled, and discharged, March, 1865.Represented Louisiana in five National Democratic Conventions.Delivered addresses, lectures, and arguments on political, histor-ical, and legal subjects. Address: New Orleans, La.

Jonathanson, Jonas A. Merchant. Born July 6, 1855, Wilna,Russia. Son of Aaron Jonathanson and Helena Blumberg. Edu-cated at Russian Gymnasium, and graduate in pharmacy, Char-kov University, 1878. Married Dora K. Katzenelenbogen. Cameto New York, 1891. Has written poems, sketches, and novels,mostly humorous, in Hebrew, Russian, and German. Address:89 East 4th, New York.

Josephi, Isaac A. Artist. Born New York City. Son ofAlexander Josephi. Educated in New York and Paris. Honor-able mention, 1900, Paris; silver medal, Charleston, 1902. Presi-dent American Society of Miniature Painters; member RoyalSociety of Miniature Painters, London. Regular contributor oflandscapes to exhibitions. Address: 556 Fifth Av., New York.

Judd, Max. Born 1851, Cracow, Austria. Son of Adolf Judkie-wicz. Self-taught since the age of twelve. Married Jennie T.


Meyberg. United States consul general, Vienna, Austria, 1893-1897. Winner of second prize in Centennial Chess Tournament,Philadelphia, 1876. Address: care Monticello Hotel, St. Louis,Mo.

Judson, Solomon. Born March 26, 1877, at Deretchin, Grodno,Russia. Son of Judah Judson and Hannah Rosenberg. Educatedprivately. Married Minnie Shapiro. Edited (with Ph. Turberg)Me'et Le'et (a Hebrew periodical), 1900. Author of Agadotve-Dimyonot, 1903. Has contributed articles to various Hebrewperiodicals. Address: 194 Columbus Av., New York.

Jurist, Louis. Physician. Born April 10, 1855, Philadelphia,Pa. Son of Sigmund Jurist and Theresa Trautmann. Educatedat Philadelphia public schools, and Jefferson Medical College(M. D., 1880). Married Louise Stieglitz. Lecturer Jefferson Medi-cal College; visiting physician St. Mary's Hospital; laryngologistJewish Hospital. Has written articles on medical questions.Address: 916 North Broad, Philadelphia, Pa.

Kahn, Julius. Attorney-at-law. Born February 28, 1861, Kup-penheim, Baden, Germany. Son of Herman Kahn and JeanetteWeil. Educated at San Francisco public schools. Married Flor-ence Prag. Member of the legislature, California, 1893-1894;member of United States Congress, 1899-1903. Followed theatricalprofession for a number of years, playing with Edwin Booth,Joseph Jefferson, Tomaso Salvini, Mr. and Mrs. W. J. Florence,Clara Morris, and others. Address: Mills Building, San Fran-cisco, Cal.

Kalisch, Bertha. See Spachner, Bertha Kalisch.

Karfunkle, David. Artist. Born June 10, 1880, in Austrian-Poland. Son of Julius Karfunkle and Victoria Langsam. Edu-cated at New York; studied art at National Academy of Design,New York, and Royal Academy, Munich, 1897-1900. Came toAmerica at age of ten years; entered National Academy of Designfive years later. Work has been exhibited at Pittsburg, Chicago,and Philadelphia since 1900. Address: 329 East 79th, New York.

" Karl." See Bloomingdale, Charles, Jr.

Kaufmann, Edward. County Clerk, Kings County, N. Y. BornSeptember 17, 1856, New York. Son of Veit Kaufmann. Edu-cated at New York public schools. Married Sarah Rossman.Chairman Law Committee, Brooklyn Public Library; counsel to

AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Carnegie Committee Public Libraries; trustee and chairmanBoard of Education, Brooklyn Hebrew Orphan Asylum; vice-president People's Hebrew Institute. Member of law firm Davisand Kaufmann. Address: 49-51 Chambers, New York, or 573Jeffers'on Av., Brooklyn, N. Y.

Kempner, Isaac Herbert. Banker. Born January 14, 1874,Cincinnati, Ohio. Son of Harris Kempner and Elizabeth Seins-heimer. Educated at Washington and Lee University, Lexing-ton, Va. Married Henrietta Blum. Treasurer City of Galveston(elective office); commissioner of Finance and Revenue, City ofGalveston (appointed by Governor of State). Address: Galves-ton, Texas.

Keyser, Ephraim. Sculptor. Born October 6, 1850, Baltimore,Md. Son of Moses Keyser and Betty Preiss. Educated at Balti-more public schools, City College, Baltimore, and Royal ArtAcademies, Munich and Berlin. Instructor of Modelling Classes,Maryland Institute Art Schools and the Rinehart School for Sculp-ture, Baltimore, Md. Works: Busts of Sidney Lanier, CardinalGibbons, Dr. Daniel C. Gilman, Henry Harland, and others;Statue of Major-General Baron de Kalb, erected at Annapolis,Md., for the United States Government; Tomb of PresidentChester A. Arthur, Rural Cemetery, Albany; the Stein Tombs,Baltimore Hebrew Cemetery; Psyche (for which the MichaelBeer scholarship for Rome was awarded him; in marble inCincinnati Art Museum); the Page; The Old Story; Titania;The Rose; A Duet; and a number of portrait memorial tablets.Address: 5 West Mulberry, Baltimore, Md.

Keyser, Ernest Wise. Sculptor. Born December 10, 1874,Baltimore, Md. Son of Solomon Keyser and Helena Wise. Edu-cated at Deichmann's Preparatory Academy, Baltimore, and stu-died art at Maryland Institute Art Schools; Art Students League,New York; and Julien's, Paris, France. Studied sculpture underSt. Gaudens, Puech, and Dampt, Paris. Married Beatrice Obern-dorf. Member National Sculpture Society of the United States.Ophelia (marble bust), exhibited in Salon, 1897; and in Salon ofthe Champs ElysSes, a life size alto relievo portrait bust ofEnoch Pratt and a medallion portrait of a lady. Works: memorialtablet to Doctors Harris and Hayden, Baltimore; heroic bust ofAdmiral W. S. Schley, ordered by State of Maryland; bust ofWilliam S. Barry for School for the Deaf, Frederick, Md.; Harperstatue representing Sir Galahad, for Ottawa, Canada; mausoleumSimon Goldenberg, New York; numerous busts, medallion por-traits, etc., private commissions received in Baltimore, Paris, andNew York. Address: rue de Bagneux, Paris, France.


*Klaw, Marc. Theatrical Manager. Born May 29, 1858, Padu-cah, Ky. Son of Leopold Klaw. Educated in Louisville publicand high schools. Married Antoinette M. Morris (deceased).Studied law and was admitted to bar; since 1881 has beenengaged as theatrical manager. Residence: New Rochelle, N. Y.Office: New Amsterdam Theatre, New York.

Kobrin, Leon. Novelist and Playwright. Born March 15, 1872,Vitebsk, Russia. Son of Raphael Kobrin. Educated privately.Married Pauline Segal. Wrote stories and sketches in Russian atthe age of fifteen. Came to America, 1892, and began to writeYiddish tales in 1893; has written in Yiddish since. Was engagedsuccessively in shirtmaking, cigarmaking, bread baking, weaving,and as newsdealer, failing in all on account of his strong desireto devote himself to literature exclusively. Author: YankelBoyle and Other Sketches; Collection of Stories or Ghetto-Dramas(2 vols.); and the following plays: Mina; East-Side Ghetto;Broken Chains; Sonia of East Broadway; Lost Paradise; BlindMusicians; God and Trust; Two Sisters. Address: 293 Henry,New York.

Kohler, Max J. Attorney-at-law. Born May 22, 1871, Detroit,Mich. Son of Rabbi K. Kohler and Johanna Einhorn. Edu-cated at public and private schools; B. S., 1890, and M. S., 1893,College City of New York. M. A., 1891, and LL. B., 1893, Lawand Political Science Schools, Columbia University. Admittedto bar, 1893. Assistant United States District Attorney, NewYork, 1894-1898; special assistant United States District Attorney,1898-1899. Recording secretary, American Jewish Historical So-ciety, 1901-1903; corresponding secretary since 1903. Occasionallecturer before Jewish Chautauqua Society, Judaeans, and YoungMen's Hebrew Association. Edited Judge Daly's Settlement of theJews in North America, 1893; and Methods of Review in CriminalCases in the United States, 1899. Author: Chapter on Jews andJudaism in America for Halliday and Gregory's The Church inAmerica, 1896; Rebecca Franks, an American Jewish Belle of theLast Century, 1894. Contributor to the Publications of the Amer-ican Jewish Historical Society, Jewish Encyclopedia, AmericanHebrew, Menorah Monthly, and Albany Law Journal. Occasionalspecial contributor to New York Times. Office: 119 Nassau.Residence: 34 East 76th, New York.

Kohn, Annette. Born at New York. Daughter of HezekiahKohn and Louise Sanger. Travelled extensively in Europe. Haswritten numerous poems and articles for secular and religiouspapers and magazines in the United States, England, and Aus-tralia. Address: 3 West 39th, New York.


Kohut, George Alexander. Assistant Librarian Jewish Theo-logical Seminary, since 1902. Born February 11, 1874, Stuhlweis-senburg, Hungary. Son of Rabbi Alexander Kohut and JuliaWeissbrunn. Educated at Realschule and Gymnasium, Grosswar-dein, Hungary; New York public schools, Columbia University,Jewish Theological Seminary, University of Berlin, and Hoch-schule fur die Wissenschaft des Judenthums, Berlin. Receivedprivate instruction in Rabbinics from his father. Rabbinical de-gree conferred by Rev. Dr. B. Felsenthal, Chicago, 1897. Rabbi inDallas, Texas, 1897-1900; principal Religious School TempleEmanu-El, since 1902; editor Jewish Home, 1903-1904; rabbi of theEmanu-El Sisterhood. Author: Italian Index to the Arukh Com-pletum, 1892; Early Jewish Literature in America, PublicationsAmerican Jewish Historical Society No. 3; Jewish Martyrs of theInquisition in South America, Publications No. 4; other essays inother volumes of the Publications; Bibliography of the Writingsof Professor M. Steinschneider in the Steinschneider Festschrift,1896; Bibliography of the Writings of Alexander Kohut in Tri-butes to the Memory of Reverend Doctor A. Kohut; Ezra Stilesand the Jews, 1902; contributions to the Revue des Etudes Juives,Jewish Quarterly Review, Zeitschrift fur Hebraische Bibliogra-phie, Journal of the American Oriental Society, Magyar ZsidoSzemle, American Hebrew, and Jewish Comment. Has writtennumerous essays on historical topics, bibliography, and folklore,also verse for various religious and secular periodicals. Address:44 West 58th, New York.

*Koopman, Augustus. Artist. Born 1869, Charlotte, N. C. Sonof Bernard Koopman. A. B., 1886, Central High School, Phila-delphia. Married Louise Lovett Osgood. Studied at PennsylvaniaAcademy Fine Arts under Bouguereau and Fleury, and at Ecoledes Beaux Arts, Paris. Taught painting in Paris, 1896-1899, nowresident in London, specializing in portraits. Exhibitor at ParisSalons, Munich, London, and American exhibitions since 1890.Won first William Clarke prize, American Art Association, Paris,1899. Awards: second Wanamaker prize, 1898; bronze and silvermedals, Paris Exposition, 1900; represented in French and Amer-ican collections, Detroit Museum, portraits and decorations.Decoration in United States National Pavilion, Paris Exposition,1900; medal Pan-American exposition, Buffalo, 1901. Works: LeBenedicts; Two Forces. Address: The Players, New York, and5 Rosetti Studios, Flood, Chelsea, London, Eng.

*Koplik, Henry. Physician. Born October 28, 1858, New YorkCity. Son of Abraham S. Koplik. Graduate College City of NewYork, 1878; M. D., 1881, College Physicians and Surgeons. Pur-


sued post-graduate courses at Universities of Leipzig, Prague,and Vienna. Married Stephanie Schiele. Connected with BellevueHospital; the Good Samaritan Dispensary; assistant professorof Pediatrics at Bellevue Medical College. First to describe anearly diagnostic sign in measles, since known as Koplik's Spots;also found the bacillus of whooping-cough. Introduced free de-livery of pasteurized milk to the needy. Has written essays inmedical journals. Author: Diseases of Infancy and Childhood,1902. Address: 66 East 58th, New York.

Korn, Louis. Architect. Born March 19, 1869, New York.Son of Jacob Korn and Caroline Sink. Educated at New Yorkpublic schools, Columbia Grammar School, Columbia UniversitySchool of Mines (Ph. B., 1890). Married Lillie E. Schleestein.Consulting Engineer for Public Buildings under Mayor Low'sand under Mayor McClellan's administration. Address: 31 West33d, New York.

Kolinsky, Jacob. Entomologist, Assistant in Division of Ento-mology, United States Department of Agriculture. Born July 22,1873, in Province of Poltava, Russia. Son of Joseph Kotinsky andMatlie-Bessie Zitkin. Educated in a Russian Cheder until thir-teen years of age; at Baron de Hirsch Agricultural School,Woodbine, N. J., 1893-1894; and at Rutgers College (course inagriculture; B. S., 1898), 1894-1898. Married Sara R. Levin.Instructor Natural Sciences, Baron de Hirsch Agricultural School,1898-1899; Scientific Aid, 1899-1900, and, since 1900, Assistant inDivision of Entomology, United States Department of Agricul-ture. Author: Autobiography of an Immigrant; The First NorthAmerican Leaf-gall Diaspine, in Proceedings of the EntomologicalSociety, Washington; Observations on Some New and LittleKnown Orthoptera with Biological Notes (translated from theRussian), in Entomological Record, London, 1902; Suggestionson Removal, in American Hebrew, 1903; Our Insect Neighbors,Mosquitoes, Hirsch School Journal; The Woodbine Colony, Amer-ican Hebrew, 1899. Address: United States Department of Agri-culture, Division of Entomology, Washington, D. C.

Kraemer, Mrs. Hugo. See Franko, Jeanne.

" Krantz, Philip." See Rombro, Jacob.

Kraus, Adolf. Lawyer. Born at Blowitz, Bohemia. Son ofJonas Kraus and Ludmila Ehrlich. Educated at Rokycan, Bohe-mia. Married Mathilde Hirsch. President Board of Education;president Civil Service Commission; and corporation counsel;


president Isaiah Temple since 1899, all of Chicago. Was pub-lisher and editor of The Chicago Times. Address: TribuneBuilding, Chicago, 111.

Kronberg, Louis. Artist. Born 1872, Boston, Mass. GraduateEliot grammar school, and studied art at Boston Art Museum,and Art Students League, New York. Pursued course in musicin Boston. Studied works of the great masters in Europe, andon his return won Longfellow Travelling Scholarship. Studiedin Paris under Benjamin Constant, Jean Paul Laurens, andRaphael Collin. Painted several pictures of Loie Fuller in Paris,one being exhibited in the Salon, 1898. Returned to Boston, 1898,and opened studio, also became instructor in Boston Art Stu-dents Association, and in the Copley Society. Travelled in 1899with Richard Mansfield to paint him in different characters.Painted portraits of leading actors and musicians. His painting,Behind the Footlights, purchased for the Pennsylvania Academyof Fine Arts, Philadelphia. Has exhibited in Paris and America.Address: 3 Winter, Boston, Mass.

Kursheedt, Manuel Augustus. Lawyer. Born August 14, 1840,New York. Son of Asher Kursheedt and Abigail Judah. Edu-cated at private schools, New York public schools, and FreeAcademy (now College City of New York); B. A., 1858; M. A.,1862, College City of New York. Was Director United He-brew Charities, and the Educational Alliance; managing secre-tary Hebrew Emigrant Aid Society; secretary Hebrew TechnicalInstitute; vice-president Aguilar Free Library Society; presidentYoung Men's Hebrew Association. Has written a few articles forperiodicals and society reports. Address: 280 Broadway, Room269, New York.

Lachman, Arthur. Chemical Engineer. Born December 4, 1873,San Francisco, Cal. Son of Abraham Lachman and Marie Laz-arus. Educated at San Francisco public schools; Real Gymna-sium, Posen, Germany; University of California, Berkeley (B. S.,1893); University of Munich (Ph.D., 1895). Married BerthaNathan. Assistant instructor University of Michigan, 1896-1897;professor chemistry, 1897-1902, and dean College of Science, Uni-versity of Oregon, 1900-1902. Fellow American Association forthe Advancement of Science; member American Chemical Society,German Chemical Society, Verein deutscher Chemiker, DeutscheBunsen Gesellschaft, and Society of Chemical Industry. Author:The Spirit of Organic Chemistry, 1899; numerous technical papersin scientific journals. Address: 131 Second, San Francisco, Cal.


Lachman, Samson. Lawyer. Born May 2, 1855, New York.Son of Samuel Lachman and Babette Hirsch. Educated at NewYork public schools; graduate College City of New York andColumbia University Law School. Justice Sixth District Court,New York City, 1888-1894. Address: 35 Nassau, or 233 East 19th,New York.

Landsberg, Emil M. Index Editor New York Times. BornNovember 28, 1871, Rochester, N. Y. Son of Rabbi Max Lands-berg. Educated at Darmstadt, University of Rochester, andUniversity of New York. Was librarian Bureau of Labor Statis-tics, New York State; assistant librarian Buffalo Public Library.Address: New York Times, New York.

Landsberg, Leon. Department Editor, New York Tribune, since1889. Born February, 1853. Educated at Leipzig, Germany.Was teacher of modern languages in the South; editor of Anzeigerdes Siidens, Birmingham, Ala.; and lecturer on Vedanta philos-ophy. Contributor to Staats-Zeitung, New York, and to num-erous English, French, and Spanish newspapers. Address: 16Irving Place, New York.

*Lauchheimer, Charles Henry. Lieutenant Colonel, AssistantAdjutant, and Inspector, Marine Corps. Born September 22, 1859,Baltimore, Md. Graduate United States Naval Academy, Annap-olis, 1881. LL. B., Columbia University, 1884. Entered MarineCorps, 1883; first lieutenant, 1890; captain, 1898; major, since1901. At present on duty at Manila, P. I. Author: Naval Courtsand Naval Law, 1896; Forms of Procedure for Naval Courts andBoards, 1896, 1902. Address: Navy Department, Washington,D. C.

Lauterbach, Edward. Lawyer. Born August 12, 1844, NewYork. Son of Solon Lauterbach and Mina Rosenbaum. GraduateNew York public schools, and College City of New York (thenFree Academy; A. B., 1864; A.M., 1867. Married Amanda Fried-man. Delegate at large to Constitution Convention, 1894; and toRepublican National Convention, 1896; chairman RepublicanCounty Committee, 1896-1898, and Board of Trustees College Cityof New York; delegate to National Convention, 1900; vice-presi-dent Maurice Grau Opera Company; director of various corpora-tions, and of Hebrew Orphan Asylum for twenty years. MemberState Commission to Remedy Law Delays. Now Regent of theUniversity of the State of New York. As vice-president of He-brew Emigrant Aid Society went to Europe in 1881, held con-ferences with European delegations, attended general conference

9


at Vienna, and succeeded in regulating emigration of Russianexiles. Residence: 761 Fifth Av. Office: 22 William, New York.

Lauterbach, Jakob Zallel. Office Editor Jewish Encyclopedia.Born January 6, 1873, at Monasterzyska, Galicia. Son of IsraelLauterbach and Taube Bandler. Educated at University of Ber-lin, and Gottingen (Ph.D., 1902), and at the Berliner RabbinerSeminar (Rabbinical authorization, 1903). Author: Saadja Al-fayyumi's Arabische Psalmenubersetzung und Commentar, 1903.Address: care Funk and Wagnalls Company, 44-60 East 23d,New York.

Lazarus, Edgar M. Architect. Born June 6, 1868, Baltimore,Md. Son of Edgar M. Lazarus and Minnie Mordecai. Educatedat Baltimore public schools, and Maryland Institute Art Schools.Received George Peabody diploma for architectural design. Super-intendent of Construction United States Public Buildings foreight years. Architect of one hundred and twenty buildings,State, municipal, and private, during the fourteen years of activ-ity in his profession. Address: 665 Worcester Building, Port-land, Ore.

Lazarus, Josephine. Author. Born March 23, 1846, New York.Daughter of Moses Lazarus and Esther Nathan. Educated at pri-vate schools. Author: Spirit of Judaism, 1895; Madame Dreyfus,1S99; biographical sketches: Emma Lazarus, Century Magazine,1888; Marie Bashkirtseff, Scribner's Magazine, 1889; Louisa MayAlcott, and Margaret Fuller, Century Magazine, 1893: articles onZionism in the American Hebrew, Maccabaean, and The NewWorld, 1899. Has written numerous reviews and articles for TheCritic, etc. Address: 38 West 10th, New York.

Lederer, Ephraim. Attorney-at-Iaw. Born January 24, 1862,Philadelphia, Pa. Son of Leopold Lederer and Fanny Weil.Educated at Philadelphia public schools; graduate Central HighSchool; and pursued a partial course in University of Pennsyl-vania Law School. Married Grace M. Newhouse. Vice-presidentand former Secretary Young Men's Hebrew Association: secre-tary Philadelphia Branch Jewish Theological Seminary of Amer-ica; director and former secretary Jewish Hospital Association,Philadelphia; director, and, 1888-1890, assistant secretary, JewishPublication Society of America; trustee Gratz College, Philadel-phia; was member State Committee of the Jeffersonian Party.Associate editor Jewish Exponent, Philadelphia, 1901-1904. Haswritten a number of lectures and essays on Jewish subjects pub-lished in Jewish journals. Address: 1317 North 12th, Phila-delphia, Pa.


Lehman, Israel J. Architect. Born October 29, 1859, St. Joseph,Mo. Son of Joseph Lehman and Hannah Schwarz. Educated atCleveland, 0., public schools, and privately. Married NannieScheuer. Member of firm of Lehman and Schmitt. Works:Cuyahoga County Court House, Cleveland; Bradford County CourtHouse, Towanda, Pa.; Fayette County Court House, Lexington,Ky.; Sheriff St. Market and Storage Buildings, The Temple, AnsheChesed Synagogue, Central Armory, Central Police Station,United Banking and Savings Company Building, The Bailey Com-pany Building, and City Hospital, all of Cleveland; City NationalBank, Canton, O. Address: 625 Garfleld Building. Residence:121 Euclid Av., Cleveland, O.

Leipziger, Henry M. Supervisor of Lectures, Board of Educa-tion, New York. Born December 29, 1854, Manchester, England.Son of Marcus Leipziger and Martha Samuel. Educated in Man-chester, and New York public schools. A. B., 1873, College Cityof New York; LL. B., 1875, and Ph.D., 1888, Columbia University.Organizer Hebrew Technical Institute and director, 1884-1891;assistant superintendent New York public schools, 1891-1896;supervisor of lectures since 1890. Chairman Library CommitteeAguilar Free Library (now part of New York Public Library),1887-1903; president New York Library Club, 1901; and Depart-ment Manual Training. National Education Association, 1896.Vice-president Jewish Publication Society, and member of itsPublication Committee. Addresses on ethical and educationaltopics before colleges, congregations, American Library Associa-tion, and National Educational Association. Author: The NewEducation, 1887; The Education of the Jews, 18S9 (translated andadapted from the monograph of Samuel Marcus). Address: 229East 57th, New York.

Leipziger, Pauline. Librarian Fifty-Ninth Street Branch NewYork Public Library. Born in England. Daughter of MarcusLeipziger and Martha Samuel. Educated at New York publicschools. Pursued special courses in Library Economy. Chieflibrarian Aguilar Free Library of New York (now part of theNew York Public Library), 1892-1903. Address: 229 East 57th,New York.

Leo, Richard Leopold. Architect. Born September 7, 1872,New York. Son of Arnold Leo and Sarah Leopold. Educated atColumbia Grammar School, and School of Arts and Mines, Colum-bia University (Ph. B., 1895). Works: residences at 1069 FifthAv.; S. E. corner 50th St. and Madison Av.; and 2 East 87th St.,New York; residence of Isidor Straus, Elberon; and of S. Ull-


maun, Tarrytown; building for Government of Ecuador, Pan-American Exposition, Buffalo; Emanu-El Sisterhood Building,New York; Century Country Club, White Plains; and severalapartment buildings, New York. Residence: 172 West 86th.Office: 124 West 45th, New York.

•Leopold, Harry Gerard. Lieutenant Commander, United StatesNavy. Born in Iowa. Entered service of United States Navy,October 1, 1878; appointed lieutenant commander, October 11,1903. Ordered to Cincinnati, 1903. Address: Navy Department,Washington, D. C.

Lessler, Montague. Lawyer. Born January 1, 1869, NewYork. Son of Siegmund Lessler and Annie Schreier. Educatedat New York public schools, College City of New York (B. S.,1889), and Columbia University Law School. Member Fifty-seventh Congress from the Eighth Congressional District, NewYork. Office: 31 Nassau, New York. Residence: 7 Central Av.,Tompkinsville, S. I.

Leventritt, David. Justice of Supreme Court, State of NewYork. Born January 31, 1845, at Winnsboro', S. C. Son of GeorgeM. Leventritt. Educated at New York public schools, CollegeCity of New York (then Free Academy; A. B., 1864), and LawSchool University of New York (LL. B., 1872). Married MatildaLithauer. Was commissioner for condemnation of lands; vice-president Aguilar Free Library. Was long active as trial lawyerin corporate and commercial cases, and acted as special counselto City of New York in important cases. Address: 34 West 77th,New York.

Levi, Louis. Architect. Born December 29, 1868, Baltimore,Md. Son of Joseph Levi and Babetta Apfel. Educated at privateschool, Baltimore public schools, and Baltimore City College.Began the study of architecture at the office of the late CharlesL. Carson, and completed his studies at the Massachusetts Insti-tute of Technology, Boston, Mass., 1893. Works: Shearith IsraelSynagogue, Children's Home, Department Store buildings, anddwellings, all in Baltimore. Is building a number of warehousesin the burnt district, Baltimore. Address: Room 41, CentralSavings Bank Building, Baltimore, Md.

Levi, Moritz. Junior Professor Romance Languages, Univer-sity of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Born November 23, 1857, Sachsen-hausen, Waldeck, Germany. Son of Hirsch Levi and HeleneRosenbaum. Educated in Germany, University of Michigan (A. B.,


1887), and Sorbonne, Paris. Married Bertha Wolf. Author:(with V. E. Francois) French Reader, 1896. Edited: Moliere,L'Avare, 1900; and Manzoni, I Promessi Sposi, 1901. Has writtenarticle on V. Hugo, the Novelist, Forum, 1902. Address: 1029Vaughn, Ann Arbor, Mich.

Levias, Caspar. Instructor Hebrew Union College, Cincinnati,O. Born February 13, 1860, at Szagarren, Russia. Son of JacobLevias and Mary Kahan. Educated privately, and at ColumbiaUniversity, New York (B. A., 1893; M. A., 1894); pursued post-graduate courses at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md.Married Irene Schwarz. Fellow in Oriental Languages, ColumbiaUniversity, 1893-1894; fellow in Semitic Languages, Johns Hop-kins University, 1894-1896. Author: A Grammar of the AramaicIdiom contained in the Babylonian Talmud, 1900. Has writtenarticles in the American Journal of Semitic Languages and Liter-atures, American Journal of Philology, American Journal ofTheology, Hebrew Union College Journal, Kadimah, and otherperiodicals. Address: Hebrew Union College, Cincinnati, O.

Levin, Isaac. Surgeon. Born November 1, 1866, at Sagor,Russia. Son of Salom Levin and Etta Brick. Educated at FifthGymnasium, and Imperial Military Medical Academy, St. Peters-burg (M. D., 1890). Pursued studies in clinical surgery and ex-perimental pathology in Germany, France, and Switzerland, 1895-1896. Married Sophie Bloch. Ordinator in Surgery at Alex-ander's Military Hospital, St. Petersburg, 1890-1891; attendingsurgeon West Side German Dispensary of New York, 1897-1902;now surgeon to Sydenham Hospital, New York. Has contributedarticles on medical subjects to medical journals in this countryand abroad. Address: 1883 Madison Av., New York.

Levin, Louis H. Attorney-at-law, Editor Jewish Comment, Bal-timore. Born January 13, 1866, Charleston, S. C. Son of HarrisLevin and Dora M. Levine. Educated at Baltimore public schools,and Baltimore University (LL. B., 1903). Married Bertha Szold.Engaged in mercantile pursuits for many years. Was lecturerat Baltimore University. Has written Jewish stories in the Jew-ish Comment, Jewish Exponent, American Hebrew, and Menorah,and a Syllabus of Lectures on Bills and Notes. Address: 837West North Av., Baltimore, Md.

Levussove, Moses S. Instructor College City of New York.Born February 22, 1874, at Rossiena, Russia. Son of BenedictLevussove and Victoria Margolis. Educated at New York publicschools. B. S., 1893, College City of New York. LL. B., 1900,


New York Law School; pursued courses at New York Universityand at Art Students League. Was head of English Department,Hebrew Technical Institute, New York. Had charge of LiteraryDepartment of the Twentieth Century Magazine. Has writtenarticles on art, letters, and descriptive geometry, for magazines.Address: 17 Lexington Av., New York.

Levy, Clifton Harby. Writer. Born June 21, 1867, New Or-leans, La. Son of Eugene H. Levy and Almeria E. Moses. Edu-cated at New Orleans, Cincinnati high school, University of Cin-cinnati (B. A., 1887), and Hebrew Union College (Rabbi, 1890);pursued post-graduate courses at Johns Hopkins University.Married Cora Bachrach. Rabbi in New York, one year; Lan-caster, Pa., two years; Baltimore, Md., two years; contributor toperiodical press, seven years. Organized classes for instructionof immigrant children for Baron de Hirsch Fund, 1890. Haswritten articles on Biblical, archaeological, and scientific subjectsfor magazines and newspapers. Address: Hotel Balmoral, or320 Broadway, New York.

Levy, Ferdinand. Lawyer. Born December 11, 1843, Mil-waukee, Wis. Son of Simon Levy and Adele Bernard. Educatedat German American Academy, Milwaukee, and Milwaukee highschool. Married Rachel Fisher. Has been alderman at large,coroner, register, and commissioner of Taxes and Assessments,City and County of New York. Grand master Sons of Benjaminsince 1887; past commander Steinwehr Post, G. A. R., Depart-ment of New York; member Grand Lodge Free Masons, State ofNew York, and all Jewish and fraternal organizations. Servedin the Federal army during Civil War with father and twobrothers. Residence: 235 West 112th. Office: 290 Broadway,New York.

Levy, Florence N. Editor American Art Annual. Born 1870,New York. Daughter of Joseph Arthur Levy and Pauline Good-heim. Educated at New York private schools. Pursued specialcourse in the History of Art under M. Lafenestre, curator ofpaintings at the Louvre, Paris. In charge of catalogue work,Division of Fine Arts, Pan-American Exposition, Buffalo, 1901.Editor New York Art Bulletin, lecturer and instructor in theHistory of Art. Address: 226 West 58th, New York.

*Levy, Jefferson Monroe. Ex-Congressman, Lawyer. Son ofCaptain Jonas P. Levy and Fanny Mitchell. Educated in publicschools. Graduate University City of New York. Studied lawand was admitted to bar. Member Chamber of Commerce;


Board of Trade and Transportation; and Real Estate Exchange.Vice-president Democratic Club many years. Owns home ofThomas Jefferson, Monticello. Member of Congress, 1899-1901,Thirteenth New York District. Address: 20-22 Broad, New York.

Levy, Louis Edward. Photo-chemist, Inventor. Born October12, 1846, Steinowitz (Pilsen), Bohemia. Son of Leopold Levy andWilhelmina Fischer. Educated at Detroit, Mich., public schools.Field work and study with M. Thelen, surveyor, Detroit, 1860-1861. Special course in mathematics, 1866-1867, University ofMichigan. Microscopist to investigate trichinosis, Detroit, 1866;meteorological observer, 1863-1871, Detroit and Milwaukee; pub-lished new method of micro-photography, 1869; field photo-grapher, 1872-1873; invented " Levytype " (photo-engraving) pro-cess, 1873; established Levytype Company, Baltimore, 1875; Phila-delphia, 1877-1899; invented, with brother, Max Levy, "Levy LineScreen," 1887; "photo-mezzotint" process, 1889; new method ofetching, "Levy Acid Blast," 1896; and recently Levy Etch-Pow-dering Machine. Received medals, premiums, and diplomas, fromFranklin Institute, Philadelphia, 1889, 1899; Columbian Exposi-tion, Chicago, 1893; Imperial Russian Photographic Society, Mos-cow, 1896; and Paris Exposition, 1900. One of the organizers,1888, and member of Executive Committee, 1889-1895, Philadel-phia Typothetse; vice-president and chairman Executive Com-mittee Philadelphia Exhibitors' Association, Columbian Exposi-tion, 1893; member Board of Judges, National Export Exposition,Philadelphia, 1899; delegate of Franklin Institute, Philadelphia,to Scientific Congresses, Paris Exposition, 1900; vice-president,CongrSs des Associations d' Inventeurs; member, since 1896, andchairman in 1901, of Committee on Science and the Arts, Frank-lin Institute; member Board of Managers, chairman Library Com-mittee, and chairman School City Committee, Franklin Institute,since 1903, and its lecturer on Techno-Graphic Arts since 1904.Director Rappaport Benevolent Association, 1879-1883; director,1882, and since 1900, honorary life director, Hebrew EducationSociety; an organizer, since 1884 a director, and since 1888 thepresident, of the Association for the Relief and Protection ofJewish Immigrants, all of Philadelphia; an organizer and directorof the Jewish Alliance of America, 1891. Organized IconographicPublishing Company, and published seven volumes of Brockhaus'Ikonographische Encyklopadie, 1884-1893; edited and published,1896, English translation of Raimundo Cabrera's Cuba and theCubans; collaborated with Cabrera, 1897-1899, in publication ofCubay America, New York; one of the founders, 1887, and sincethen director of The Jewish Exponent Publishing Company;compiler, editor, and publisher, Wolf's American Jew as Patriot,


Soldier, and Citizen, 1895; author and publisher, 1896, Business,Money, and Credit (brochure); author and publisher, The JewishYear (Oppenheim's pictures of Jewish life), 1895. Part ownerand chief editor, Philadelphia Evening Herald, 1887-1890, andPhiladelphia Sunday Mercury, 1887-1891. Contributed articles toPolytechnic Review, Journal of Fabrics, and Jewish Exponent.Laboratory: 1221 Spring Garden. Residence: 854 North 8th,Philadelphia, Pa.

Levy, Max. Electrician. Born October 6, 1868, Galveston,Texas. Son of I. C. Levy and Minna Posner. Educated at Galves-ton public schools, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. (Elec. Eng.,1890). Married Stella Dreeben. Constructing engineer, Westing-house, Church, Kerr and Company, 1890-1891; electrical engineer,Interstate Railroad, Kansas City, Kansas, 1891; chief engineerGalveston City Railroad Company, 1891-1892; engaged in prac-tice as electrical engineer since 1892. Author: The Effect ofElectricity on Traction. Address: 21st and Av. K, Galveston,Texas.

Levy, Max. Inventor and Manufacturer. Born March 9, 1857,Detroit, Mich. Son of Leopold Levy and Wilhelmina Fischer.Educated at Detroit public schools. Married Diana Franklin.Received John Scott medal, Franklin Institute, Philadelphia;silver medal, Royal Cornwall Polytechnic; gold medals, Chicago,1893, Paris, 1900, and Buffalo, 1901. Engaged in photo-engravinguntil 1890; invented, with brother, Louis Edward Levy, engravedscreen for half-tone process; prominent in development of half-tone process. Contributed to Photographic Society, Philadelphia,1896; Paper and Press, 1894-1896, also articles for photo-engrav-ers' Annuals in America and England. Address: Wayne Av. andBerkley St., Wayne Junction, Philadelphia, Pa.

Levy, William. Architect. Born December 31, 1866, NewOrleans, La. Son of Marx Levy and Rosa Meyer. Educated atSt. Louis public schools; Illinois College, Jacksonville, 111.; Wy-man Institute, Alton, 111.; and at architectural schools, London,Paris, Berlin, Vienna, Florence, and Rome. Member AmericanInstitute of Architects. Address: Odd Fellows Building, St.Louis, Mo.

Lewi, Isidor. Editorial Writer New York Tribune and Pub-lisher New Era Illustrated Magazine. Born May 9, 1850, Albany,N. Y. Son of Doctor Joseph Lewi and Bertha Schwarz. Edu-cated at Albany. Married Emita Wolff. Address: 38 Park Row,New York.


Lewin-Epstein, Elias Wolf. Manager Carmel Wine Companyfor the United States. Born July 22, 1863, Vilkovishken, Poland.Son of Samuel Lewin-Epstein and Euge Rokeach. Educated inVilkovishken, and the Talmudical Academy of Volosin, Russia;received secular education in Russian, German, and French, inWarsaw and Germany. Married Judith Feinberg. Was adminis-trator for ten years of Jewish Agricultural Colony, Rehobot,Palestine; and manager of the Hebrew Publishing Company,Gebriider Lewin-Epstein, Warsaw. Actively interested in theZionist movement in Russia since 1882; founder of the societyMenuha ve-Nahlah, which established the colony Rehobot inPalestine. One of the founders of the international Carmel WineCompanies in Europe and America. Assisted in creating theHebrew Publication Society Achiassaf. Author: The History ofthe Colony Rehobot (in Hebrew and English). Address: 70 East122d, New York.

Lewisohn, Adolph. President United Metals Selling Company,vice-president Utah Mining Company and New York Metal Ex-change; director of other corporations. Born May 27, 1849, Ham-burg, Germany. Son of Samuel Lewisohn. Educated at Ham-burg. Married Emma Miriam Cahn. Vice-president HebrewTechnical School for Girls; director Mount Sinai Hospital, UnitedHebrew Charities, Educational Alliance, all of New York, andother institutions. Address: 9 West 57th, New York.

Lichtenauer. J. Mortimer. Artist. Born May 11, 1876, NewYork. Son of Joseph M. Lichtenauer and Rebecca Deutsch. Edu-cated at private schools until the age of nineteen, and 1895-1898at Art Students League, New York, under H. S. Mowbray andKenyon Cox. Studied for two years under Sue Olivier Mersoniin France, and for two years copied frescoes and studied theearly old masters in Italy. Received President's prize (bronzemedal) for design for mural decoration, Architectural League ofNew York, 1903. Decorated ceiling of Music Room, residence ofFerdinand Hermann, 1904. Portraits and decorative picturesexhibited at St. Louis Exposition and other exhibitions. MemberArchitectural League of New York. Address: 58 West 52d, NewYork.

Lichtenstein, Joy. Assistant Librarian, Public Library, SanFrancisco, Cal. Born October 14, 1874, San Francisco, Cal. Sonof Morris Lichtenstein and Amelia Marks. Educated at SanFrancisco public schools and University of California. MarriedAnna Wolfe, 1899. President Library Association of California,1904. Author: For the Blue and Gold, a Tale of Life at the

10


University of California; Bibliography of Louis Agassiz (in his"Li fe" by C. F. Holder). Has contributed to periodicals. Ad-dress: Public Library, San Francisco, Cal.

Liebling, Max. Pianist and Musical Director. Born September22, 1846, in Silesia, Prussia. Son of Jacob Liebling. Educated atthe Royal Conservatory of Music, Berlin. Married Mathilde Ben-jamin. Director Piano Department at Conservatories of Music inBerlin, Cincinnati, Chautauqua, and New York. Has made con-cert tours with August Wilhelmj, Marianne Brandt, and Lili Leh-mann, through Germany and America. Works: Songs, pianocompositions, violin and cello compositions. Address: 57 West83d, New York.

" Liesin, A." See Walt, Abraham.

Lipman, Clara (Mrs. Louis Mann). Actress. Born December,1875, Chicago, 111. Daughter of Abraham Lipman and JosephineBruckner. Educated at Chicago and New York, at schools andunder private tutors. Pupil of Professor Oskar Guttmann. Mar-ried Louis Mann. Played with Mme. Modjeska, and then withA. M. Palmer's Company; played in classical drama in Germanand English companies. Starred with her husband, Louis Mann,for five years; will star alone, season 1904-1905. Owing to severeaccident to arm did not play during season 1902-1903. Author:Pepi (a play in four acts); Julie Bon Bon (comedy in three acts);Eleanor's Poet (short story). Has written magazine articles.Address: 1239 Madison Av., New York.

Lipman, Jacob G. Soil Chemist and Bacteriologist for theNew Jersey State Experiment Station. Born November 18, 1874,Friedrichstadt, Courland, Russia. Son of Michael Lipman andIda Birkhahn. Educated privately at Moscow; attended Oren-burg Classical Gymnasium, Woodbine Agricultural School, Rut-gers College (B. S., 1898), Cornell University, Ithaca (A.M.,1900; Ph.D., 1903). Married Cecelia Rosenthal. Came to Amer-ica, 1888; factory employee and lawyer's clerk, 1888-1891; oneof the pioneer farmers Baron de Hirsh Agricultural Colony,Woodbine, 1891-1894. Assistant chemist New Jersey State Experi-ment Station, 1898-1899; Graduate Scholar Cornell University,1900-1901; Sage Fellow in chemistry, Cornell University, 1901-1902; soil chemist and bacteriologist New Jersey State ExperimentStation since 1902. Author: Studies in Nitrification, Master'sThesis, Cornell, 1900, and 1902; (with Professor E. B. Voorhees)Individuality of Plants an Important Factor in Plant Nutrition,1902; Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria, 1902; Contributions to the Mor-


phology and Physiology of Denitrification, 1902; Nitrogen FixingBacteria, Doctor's Thesis, Cornell University, 1903; The Fixationof Atmospheric Nitrogen by Bacteria, 1903; Bacterial Life in theSoil, 1903; Bacterial Purification of Sewage, 1904. Has writtenbiographical and historical sketches in the Jewish Encyclopedia.Address: Experiment Station, New Brunswick, N. J.

Lipsky, Louis. Corresponding Secretary of the IndependentOrder of B'nai B'rith. Born November 30, 1876, Rochester, N. Y.Son of Jacob Lipsky and Dinah R. Philipowsky. Educated atRochester public and high schools; studied at Columbia Univer-sity, New York, one year, and studied law in Rochester twoyears. Editor: The Shofar, Rochester; The Maccabsean, andEnglish page, Jewish Daily Herald, New York; assistant editor,The American Hebrew, New York, for four years. Has 'contrib-uted to various magazines; translated Yiddish sketches, manyby I. L. Perez. Address: 723 Lexington Av., New York.

Littauer, Lucius Nathan. Manufacturer, and Member of Con-gress from the Twenty-fifth District of New York. Born Jan-uary 20, 1859, Gloversville, N. Y. Son of Nathan Littauer andHarriet Sporborg. B. A., 1878, Harvard University. Engaged inglove-manufacturing business, 1878. Elected to Fifty-fifth, Fifty-sixth, Fifty-seventh, and Fifty-eighth Congresses, and unani-mously renominated by the Republican party for the Fifty-ninth.Director National and State Banks and Trust Companies. Presi-dent and director of manufacturing corporations; president GloveTrade Association. Founder and executive manager Nathan Lit-tauer Hospital, Gloversville. Address: Gloversville, FultonCounty, N. Y.

Loeb, Abraham Ullman. First Lieutenant Ninth Regiment In-fantry, United States Army. Born September 19, 1878, La Fayette,Ind. Son of Gustav Loeb and Ada Ullman. Educated at La Fa-yette public and high schools, and at Purdue University. Servedwith Company C, 160th Indiana Volunteers Infantry as privateand corporal, 1898-1899, spending three months in Cuba; ap-pointed second lieutenant 9th Infantry, December, 1899; joined9th Infantry in Philippines, 1900; served for eleven months inChina during the Boxer uprising, 1900, participating in theengagements of Tien Tsin, Pie Tsan, Yang Tsun, capture of Pe-king; and in expedition under General Wilson to Ming Tombs andGreat Wall of China, 1901. Participated in quelling insurrectionon Island of Samar, 1901-1902. Recommended for brevet forbravery at battle of Tien Tsin, and promoted first lieutenant, 1902.Address: War Department, Washington, D. C.


Loeb, August B. Vice-president Tradesmen's National Bank,Philadelphia, Pa. Born June 16, 1841, Bechtheim, Germany. Sonof Benjamin Loeb. Educated at Philadelphia public schools.Married Mathilde Adler (deceased). Director and member Fi-nance Committee of Market Street National Bank, and of FinanceCompany of Pennsylvania; director and member Executive Com-mittee South Chester Tube Company, Chester, Pa.; presidentTartar Chemical Company, Jersey City, 1876-1889, when Companysold out to a syndicate; treasurer Jewish Hospital Association,Philadelphia, since 1879. Address: 2030 North 60th, Philadelphia,Pa.

Loeb, Isidor. Professor Political Science and Public Law, Uni-versity of Missouri, since 1902. Born November 5, 1868, Roan-oke, Howard County, Mo. Son of Bernhard Loeb and BerthaMyer. Educated at Columbia, Mo., private schools, Universityof Missouri, Columbia (B. S., 1887, M.S. and LL. B., 1893);Columbia University, New York (Ph.D., 1901); Berlin Univer-sity. Teaching Fellow in history, University of Missouri, 1892-1894; University Fellow in jurisprudence, Columbia University,New York, 1S94-1895; assistant professor History, 1895-1899; andprofessor History, 1899-1902, University of Missouri. SecretaryState Historical Society of Missouri, 1898-1901. Author: TheLegal Property Relations of Married Parties. A Study in Com-parative Legislation, Columbia University Studies in History,Economics, and Public Law; The German Colonial Fiscal System,publications American Economic Association; How the Common-wealth is Governed in the State of Missouri, published by Mis-souri Commission to Louisiana Purchase Exposition. Has writtenarticles in various periodicals. Address: University of Missouri,Columbia, Mo.

*Loeb, Jacques. Professor of Physiology, University of Cali-fornia, since 1902. Born April 7, 1859, in Germany. GraduateAscanisches Gymnasium, Berlin; studied medicine at Berlin,Munich, and Strassburg (M. D., 1884). State examination, 1885,Strassburg. Assistant in physiology, University of Wiirzburg,1886-1888; assistant in physiology, University of Strassburg, 1888-1890; biological station, Naples, 1889-1891; associate in biology,Bryn Mawr, 1891-1892; assistant professor physiology and experi-mental biology, 1892-1895; associate professor, 1895-1900; pro-fessor, 1900-1902, University of Chicago. Married Anne L. Leon-ard. Author: The Heliotropism of Animals and its Identity withthe Heliotropism of Plants, 1890; Physiological Morphology, 1891,1892; Introduction to the Comparative Physiology of the Brainand Comparative Psychology, Leipzig, 1899; Comparative Physiol-


ogy of the Brain and Comparative Psychology, 1900. Address:Berkeley, Cal.

*Loeb, Louis. Artist, Illustrator. Born Cleveland, O. Sonof Alexander Loeb and Sarah Ehrman. Studied under Geromein Paris. Honorable mention, Paris Salon, 1895; third medalParis Salon; two silver medals, Pan-American Exposition, Buffalo,1901; second Hallgarten prize, National Academy of Design, 1902.Associate National Academy of Design, 1901. Address: 58 West57th, New York.

Loeb, Morris. Chemist. Born May 23, 1863, Cincinnati, O.Educated at New York College of Pharmacy, Harvard University,and Universities of Berlin, Heidelberg, and Leipzig. Privateassistant to Professor Gibbs, Newport, R. I., 1888; docentat Worcester University, Mass., 1889. Has been professor ofChemistry, since 1891, and director of the chemical laboratory,since 1894, New York University. Interested in Jewish affairsand movements, and holds offices in many charitable associationsand other communal organizations. Was vice-president HebrewTechnical College; president Hebrew Charities Building Fund;director, 1892-1897, Educational Alliance, and is now director ofthe Jewish Theological Seminary of America. Author of variousscientific articles, chiefly on physical and inorganic chemistry.Address: 273 Madison Av., New York.

Loew, Rosalie. See Whitney, Rosalie Loew.

Loveman, Robert. Poet. Born April 11, 1864, Cleveland, O.Son of David Reuben Loveman and Esther Schwartz. Educatedat Dalton, Ga., and University of Alabama (A.M.). Author:Collections of Poems, 1889, 1893, 1897; A Book of Verses, 1900;The Gates of Silence with Interludes of Song, 1903, New York.Address: Dalton, Ga.

Lovenberg, Isidore. President Galveston School Board. BornSeptember 9, 1843, Paris, France. Son of Isaac Lovenberg andFleurrette Laurier. Educated at Paris Talmud Torah. MarriedJennie Samuels. President District No. 7, Independent OrderB'nai B'rith, 1895-1896. Now president Board of Trustees Galves-ton Orphans' Home; director and secretary Rosenberg LibraryAssociation. Member of Galveston School Board for eighteenyears. Address: 2201 Strand, Galveston, Texas.

Low, A. Maurice. Author and Journalist. Born July 14, 1860,London, England. Son of Maximillian Low and Theresa Schach-


erls. Educated at London and in Austria. Married Annie W.Baden. Specialty, European and American politics. Author:The Supreme Surrender; Protection in the United States; Amer-ican Life in Town and Country; The British Workman's Com-pensation Act; The Conspiracy and Protection of Property Act;Trade Unionism and British Industries. Contributor to NorthAmerican Review, Harper's Magazine, Atlantic Monthly, Scrib-ner's Magazine, Contemporary Review, London, National Review,London. Address: Washington, D. C.

Lowenburg, Harry. Physician. Born December 25, 1878, Phila-delphia, Pa. Son of Jacob Lowenburg and Henrietta Lebach.Educated at Philadelphia public and high schools. A. B., 1897,and A.M., 1902, Central High School, Philadelphia; M. D., 1901,Medico-Chirurgical College of Philadelphia. Married Anna R.Braunstein. Lecturer on Pediatrics, Medico-Chirurgical College;assistant pediatrist Medico-Chirurgical and Philadelphia GeneralHospitals; pediatrist St. Joseph's Hospital Dispensary; lectureron Pediatrics and Urinalysis, Nurses' Training School, Medico-Chirurgical Hospital. Appointed, by mayor of Philadelphia, 1901,resident physician Philadelphia General Hospital. Has writtenpapers on pediatric subjects. Address: 2321 North 16th, Phila-delphia, Pa.

Lubin, David. Merchant and Farmer. Born June 10, 1849,Klodowa, Poland. Son of Simon Lubin and Rachel Holtz. Edu-cated at New York public schools. Married Florence Platnauer.President California Art Museum Association; United States dele-gale to the International Agricultural Congress at Budapest,Hungary, 1896. Distributed several hundred thousand pamphlets,among members of the Grange, on the Protective Tariff and itsinfluence on the producers of the staples of agriculture, 1893-1901;pamphlet debated in the United States Senate. Inventor of theLubin Windlass Cultivator. Author: Let there be Light, 1900.Residence: 278 West 113th. Office: care Weinstock, Lubin & Co.,395 Broadway, New York.

Lust, Adeline C. (Mrs. Philip G.). Author. Born April 12,1860, at Crefeld, Germany. Daughter of Albert Cohnfeld andHenrietta Davis. Educated at boarding school in England andprivately at home. Came to America, 1876. Married Philip Lust.Developed good voice early in life, and was destined for concertplatform; owing to an unforeseen incident the plan was not car-ried out. Author: Features of New York Life (New York Illus-trated Weekly Graphic); Harum Scarum (serial story for Cin-cinnati Graphic); A Tent of Grace. Has written short stories,


editorials, and various articles for American Press Association.Address: 4744 Vincennes Av., Chicago, 111.

Lyons, Julius J. Lawyer. Born October 7, 1843, New YorkCity. Son of Rabbi Jacques J. Lyons and Grace Nathan. Edu-cated in New York City public schools and University City of NewYork Grammar School. Married Constance Hendricks. Washonorary secretary for ten years, and director Montefiore Homefor Chronic Invalids; secretary for over ten years and honorarysecretary and director Mount Sinai Hospital; director, incorpor-ator, and attorney for The State Bank, all of New York City.Judge Advocate, with rank of Major, Third Brigade New YorkState National Guard. Prominent as an amateur musician; com-posed opera The Lady or the Tiger, produced by McCaull's OperaCompany and by De Woolf Hopper Company. Composer of reli-gious and other musical compositions. For many years connectedwith and writer for Musical Department, New York Herald, andfor Sunday Herald. Wrote on musical and religious subjects forother New York newspapers. Founded, organized, and conductedthe largest amateur orchestra in New York, which devoted thereceipts of concerts and operatic entertainments to charitableand educational purposes. Address: 76 William, New York.

Mack, Julian W. Judge of Circuit Court, Cook County, 111.,and Professor of Law, University of Chicago. Born July 19, 1S66.San Francisco, Cal. Son of William J. Mack and Rebecca Tand-ler. Educated at Cincinnati public and high schools, HarvardUniversity Law School (LL. B., 1887), and Universities of Berlinand Leipzig. Received special teacher's medal, Hughes HighSchool, Cincinnati, 1884; holder of Parker Fellowship HarvardUniversity for study in foreign universities, 1887-1890. MarriedJessie Fox. Professor of Law Northwestern University, 1895-1902; at University of Chicago, since 1902; Civil Service Com-missioner City of Chicago, 1903; judge Circuit Court, since 1903;president National Conference of Jewish Charities, 1904; secre-tary United Hebrew Charities of Chicago, 1892-1900; trustee,1903-1904, and secretary, 1900-1903, and again since 1904, Asso-ciated Jewish Charities of Chicago. Office: Court House. Resi-dence: 4651 Drexel Block, Chicago, 111.

Walter, Henry. Professor Medieval Philosophy and Arabic,Hebrew Union College, Cincinnati, O. Born March 23, 1S69,Zabno, Galicia. Son of Solomon Malter and Rosa Malter. Edu-cated at the normal school of Zabno, University of Berlin, Veitel-Heine-Ephraimsche Lehranstalt, Berlin, and Lehranstalt fur dieWissenschaft des Judenthums, Berlin (Rabbi, 1898). Ph.D., 1894,


University of Heidelberg. Married Bertha Freund. LibrarianBibliothek der jiidischen Gemeinde von Berlin, 1899. Rabbi Con-gregation Sheerith Israel, Cincinnati, Ohio. Author: Die Ab-handlung des abu Hamid Al-Gazzalt, 1896; Siphruth Israel (He-brew edition of M. Steinschneider's Jewish Literature), withintroduction and notes, 1897; Catalogue of the Library of FischlHirsch, 1899. Contributor to Allgemeine Zeitung des Judenthums,Jiidischer Volkskalender, American Journal of Semitic Lan-guages, Deborah, Hebrew Union College Journal and Annual,Jewish Encyclopedia, and Hebrew periodicals. Address: 3040Cleinview Av., N. W., Cincinnati, 0.

Mandelkern, Israel. Portrait and Illustrating Photographer.Born December 10, 1861, Dubin, Volhynia, Russia. Son of Solo-mon Mandelkern and Chaie Kritzler. Educated at Hebrew Gov-ernment School, Odessa, Realist School of St. Paul, and OdessaSchool of Fine Arts. Married Fanny Magidow. Came to Americain 1882; was connected with first Jewish colony in Oregon. Illus-trator of Jewish topics, types, and characters in The World'sWork, Supplement of New York Times, Tribune, Christian Her-ald, Sun, and other periodicals. Illustrations used by JewishEncyclopedia. Address: 1670 Madison Av., New York.

Mandlebaum, Fred. S. Physician, Pathologist to Mount SinaiHospital, New York, since 1893- Born January 18, 1867, Hart-ford, Conn. Son of Jacob Mandlebaum and Henrietta Waldman.Educated at Hartford public and high school, Bellevue HospitalMedical College, New York (M. D., 1889), and pursued post-graduate courses in Europe, principally at Vienna and Berlin.House physician Mount Sinai Hospital, 1891; lecturer on clinicalmedicine, New York Polyclinic, 1893-1894. Member Academy ofMedicine, New York Pathological Society, New York State Medi-cal Association, and American Association of Pathologists andBacteriologists, etc. Has contributed to medical literature. Ad-dress: 1300 Madison Av., New York.

Manges, Morris. Physician. Born 1865, New York. Son ofJohn Feist Manges and Bertha May. Educated at New Yorkpublic schools, College City of New York (A. B., 1884; A.M.,1887); College of Physicians and Surgeons (M. D., 1887); pur-sued post-graduate courses in Berlin and Vienna: Professor clin-ical medicine, New York Polyclinic Medical School; visitingphysician Mount Sinai Hospital, New York. Edited translationsof Ewald's Diseases of the Stomach, 1892, 1897. Has writtennumerous medical articles. Address: 941 Madison Av., New York.


Mann, Louis. Actor. Born April 20, 1865, New York. Son ofDaniel Mann and Caroline Hecht. Educated privately at NewYork and San Francisco, and San Francisco high school andCollege. Married Clara Lipman. Began acting at five; at eighteentravelled with small companies in opposition to the wishes of hisfamily; later played with the elder Salvini, Lewis Morrison,J. K. Emmett, etc.; played Utterson, the lawyer, in Daniel Band-mann's production of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde; appeared in oneof leading roles in Incog; was original caricaturist of Svengaliin Merry World; created German comedy parts in The StrangeAdventures of Miss Brown, and in Girl from Paris; starred fiveyears jointly with Clara Lipman, his wife; now starring undermanagement of Charles B. Dillingham. Address: 1239 MadisonAv., New York.

Mann, Mrs. Louis. See Lipman, Clara.

Mannheimer, Jennie. Director of School of Expression, Collegeof Music of Cincinnati. Born January 9, 1872, New York City.Daughter of Sigmund Mannheimer and Louise Herschman. Edu-cated at Deutsche Real-Schule, Rochester, N. Y.; Hughes HighSchool, Cincinnati; Hebrew Union College, Cincinnati (B. H.,1888); University of Cincinnati (B. L., 1892); and College ofMusic of Cincinnati. Taught also by private tutors and bothparents. Teacher of Elocution and History, Hughes High School;founder, principal, and directory of dramatic club, CincinnatiSchool of Expression. Teacher Walnut Hills Jewish SabbathSchool, 1890-1893; superintendent, 1892-1893. Leader of TuesdayShakespeare Circle since 1903. Read Midsummer Night's Dreamwith Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra at College of Music SilverJubilee, 1903. Has given recitals before many clubs. Address:639 June, Walnut Hills, Cincinnati, O.

Mannheimer, Louise. Born September 3, 1845, Prague, Bohe-mia. Daughter of Joseph Herschman and Katherine Urbach.Educated at St. Teine School, privately, and at Normal School,Prague, and University of Cincinnati. Married Sigmund Mann-heimer. Director of private school, Prague; Sabbath Schoolteacher, Congregation Berith Kodesh, Rochester; teacher Mrs.Leopold Weil's School, New York; contralto, Temple AhawathChesed, New York; Sabbath School teacher, Temple ShaareEmeth, St. Louis; president German Women's Club, Rochester;founder and president, Boys' Industrial School, Cincinnati. In-ventor Pureairin Patent Ventilator. Speaker World's Fair Con-gress of History, 1893, and of Religions, 1893, Chicago; for Moth-ers' Meetings, Cincinnati. Has written poems for German and


English periodicals; prize poem, The Harvest. Author: How JoeLearned to Darn Stockings, and other juvenile stories. Trans-lated Nahida Remy's The Jewish Woman. Composer of TheMaiden's Song. Address: 639 June, Walnut Hills, Cincinnati, 0.

Mannheimer, Sigmund. Professor, Hebrew Union College, Cin-cinnati, O. Born May 16, 1835, Kernel, Germany. Son of SimonMannheimer and Yette Levi. Educated at Seminary of Ems,Prussia, and University of Paris (Bachelor of Letters, 1863; Pro-fessor, 1864). Married Louise Herschman. Author: HebrewReader and Grammar. Translated into German S. Klein's LaVerite sur le Talmud (Judaisme); into English, Solomon Alami'sIggeret Musar; Nehemiah Brull's Sabbatai Zebi; Anatole Leroy-Beaulieu's L'Antisemitisme. Contributor to the Jewish Ency-clopedia. Address: 639 June, Cincinnati, O.

Marcus, Edwin. Staff Artist New York Herald. Born March16, 1885, Dutch Kills, L. I. Son of Adolph Marcus and CaecilieSchwerin. Educated at New York public schools, Morris HighSchool, and Art Students League; and attended night classes atCooper Union. Filled mercantile position after leaving MorrisHigh School; was apprenticed with the American LithographCompany, there learning to draw on stone; has since been sketchartist for Sackett and Wilhelm Lithograph Company; cartoonistfor a Hungarian Weekly; artist on Herald staff since 1902, doingchiefly decorative work for the Magazine Section and assignmentwork. Has made cartoon for the Telegram. Exhibited workwith various associations at the Waldorf, Fifth Avenue Art Gal-leries, etc. Address: 127 East 90th, New York.

Marcus, Louis William. Surrogate of Erie County, New York.Born May 18, 1863, Buffalo, N. Y. Son of Leopold Marcus. Edu-cated at Williams' Academy, and Buffalo High School; LL. B.,1889, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. Married Ray R. Dahlman.Elected surrogate of Erie County for term of six years, 1895; re-elected, 1901. Address: 10 City and County Hall, Buffalo, N. Y.

Margolis, Max Leopold. Associate Professor Semitic Lan-guages, University of California, Berkeley, Cal., since 1898. BornOctober 15, 1866, Merecz, Wilna, Russia. Son of Rabbi IsaacMargolis and Hinde Zirilstein. Educated privately and in schoolsof native town, 1875-1879; Leibnitz Gymnasium, Berlin, 1885-1889(testimonium maturitatis, 1889); School of Philosophy, ColumbiaUniversity, New York (M. A., 1890; Pb.D., 1891). Instructor andlater assistant professor Hebrew and Biblical Exegesis, HebrewUnion College, Cincinnati, 1892-1897; assistant professor Semitic


languages, University of California, 1897-1898. Member of vari-ous learned societies. Author: Commentarius Isaacidis quatenusad textum talmudicum investigandum adhiberi possit tractatuErubhin ostenditur, 1891; The Columbia College MS. of Meghilla,1892; An Elementary Text Book of Hebrew Accidence, 1893; TheTheological Aspect of Reformed Judaism, 1904. Has written num-erous articles in American and foreign scientific magazines. Ad-dress: University of California, Berkeley, Cal.

Markens, Isaac. Journalist. Born October 9, 1846, New York.Son of Elias Markens and Rosetta Friedlander. Educated atRichmond, Va., private schools and New York public schools.Married Rachel Benjamin. Assistant manager, United PressAssociation, New York; reportorial staff New York CommercialAdvertiser, New York Evening Mail and Express, New York Re-corder, and Commercial Edition New York Star; private secretaryto Albert Fink, Railroad Trunk Line Commissioner; privatesecretary to Gen. John M. Corse, and to E. H. Green, presidentLouisville and Nashville R. R. Co.; secretary to Board of Arbitra-tion of Eastern and Western Railroads. Member Blue Lodge,and Royal Arch Chapter of Masons; Knights of Pythias; Knightsof Honor; Knights and Ladies of Honor, and Free Sons of Israel.Author: Hebrews in America, 1888. Address: 2460 Seventh Av.,New York.

Marks, Marcus M. President of David Marks & Sons, ClothingManufacturers. Born March 18, 1858, New York. Son of DavidMarks and Leontine Meyer. Educated in New York publicschools and College City of New York. Married Esther Friedman.President National Association of Clothiers; chairman Concilia-tion Committee Civic Federation; second vice-president Educa-tonal Alliance; trustee Hospital Saturday and Sunday Associa-tion; director Credit Men's Association. Has written pamphletsand magazine articles on the labor question and on credit co-operation. Address: 687 Broadway, New York.

Marshall, Louis. Lawyer. Born December 14, 1856, Syracuse,New York. Son of Jacob Marshall and Zilli Strauss. Educatedin Syracuse high school, and Columbia University Law School,New York City. Married Florence Lowenstein. Appointed mem-ber of Commission to Revise Judiciary Article of New York Con-stitution, by Governor Hill, 1890; member New York Constitu-tional Convention, 1894, and of Commission to investigate RabbiJoseph Riot, 1902. Chairman Executive Committee Jewish Theo-logical Seminary of America; trustee and secretary TempleEmanu-El, New York; director Educational Alliance, Jewish Pro-


tectory and Aid Society, etc. Lecturer Constitutional Law, Syra-cuse University Law School. Has written essays, lectures, andaddresses on legal topics and subjects pertaining to Judaism andcharity. Was interested in establishment of The Jewish World, aYiddish daily. Residence: 47 East 72d. Office: 30 Broad, NewYork.

Marx, Alexander. Professor of History and Literature, andLibrarian, Jewish Theological Seminary of America, New YorkCity. Born January 29, 1878, Elberfeld, Germany. Son of GeorgeMarx and Gertrude Simon. Educated at Kneiphof Gymna-sium, Konigsberg; Universities of Konigsberg (Ph.D., 1903) andBerlin; Rabbinerseminar, Berlin, and Veitel-Heine-EphraimscheLehranstalt, Berlin. Was Scientific Aid at Royal Library, Berlin.Author: Seder '01am (cap. 1-10) nach Handschriften und Druck-werken herausgegeben, iibersetzt und erklart, 1903. Has writtenshort articles and reviews, in Orientalische Literaturzeitung, andZeitschrift fur hebraische Bibliographie. Address: 371 West116th, New York.

Masliansky, Harris. Preacher and Lecturer Educational Alli-ance, New York City. Born Sivan 3, 1856, Slutzk, Minsk, Russia.Son of Rabbi Chayim Masliansky and Rebecca Popok. Educatedin the Talmudical Colleges of Mir and Volosin. Rabbinicalauthorization conferred by Rabbi Isaac Elchanan, Kovno, andRabbi Samuel Mohilever, Bialystok. Married Yetta Rubinstein.Was principal Hebrew public schools, Pinsk; founder of a Hebrewschool at Ekaterinoslav, and later travelling preacher. Preachedin three hundred towns of Russia, Germany, Great Britain,France, Holland, Belgium, and the United States. Interested inpropaganda of Zionism, after anti-Jewish riots in Russia, 1882;banished from Russia for liberal utterances at public meetings,1894; arrived in the United States, 1895; appointed official lec-turer in Yiddish by the Educational Alliance, 1898; an organizerand the president, 1902-1904, of the Lebanon Printing and Pub-lishing Company, which issued a daily, The Jewish World.Author: Stories of my Travels (2 parts). Has written literaryarticles in Hebrew and jargon periodicals. About three hundredof his lectures have been published. Address: 262 East Broad-way, New York. -

May, Mitchell. Lawyer. Born July 10, 1871, Brooklyn, N. Y.Son of Nathan May and Matilda Miihlhauser. Educated in Brook-lyn public schools and Polytechnic Institute. LL. B., ColumbiaCollege Law School, New York. Married Pauline Joli. Wasmember of Congress from Sixth New York Congressional District


in the Fifty-sixth Congress. President Unity Club of Brooklyn,1896-1900; charter director Brooklyn Hospital and Hebrew Educa-tional Society, Brooklyn. Residence: 95 Division Av. Office: 350Fulton, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Mayer, Edward Everett. Physician. Born June 18, 1875, Alle-gheny, Pa. Son of Rabbi Lippman Mayer and Elise Hecht. Edu-cated in Pittsburg; B. A., 1895; M. D., 1897; M. A., 1898, WesternUniversity of Pennsylvania; courses at Universities of Wiirzburg,Vienna, Paris, and London. Married Rose Mae Lamm. Associateprofessor Mental and Nervous Diseases, Western University ofPennsylvania; neurologist to Memorial Hospital for CrippledChildren and to Presbyterian Hospital; president Western Penn-sylvania Medical Society; treasurer Pittsburg Academy of Medi-cine. Was city physician Allegheny City; first national presidentPhi Beta Pi Medical Fraternity; physician for Western Pennsyl-vania to National Jewish Hospital for Consumptives, Denver.Translated and edited Oppenheim's Diseases of the Nervous Sys-tem. Address: 524 Penn Av., Pittsburg, Pa.

Mayer, Emil. Physician, Specialist for Diseases of the Nose,Throat, and Ear. Born May 23, 1854, New York City. Son ofDavid Mayer and Henrietta Rosenbaum. Educated in New Yorkpublic schools, and College City of New York. Graduate College ofPharmacy, 1873, and M. D., 1877, New York University. MarriedLouise Blume. Surgeon Throat Department, New York Eye andEar Infirmary, since 1893; adjunct attending laryngologist, MountSinai Hospital; chairman of Section on Laryngology and Otology,American Medical Association, 1898-1899; of Section on Laryn-gology, New York Academy of Medicine, 1902; chairman, 1901, andnow vice-president, Fifth District Branch New York State Medi-cal Association. Member House of Delegates American MedicalAssociation, 1902-1904; and of a number of medical societies.Originator of tubes used in nasal operations, and other instru-ments. American editor Internationales Centralblatt fur Laryn-gologie. Contributor to American and European medical journals.One of the authors of Text Book on Diseases of the Nose andThroat. Address: 25 East 77th, New York.

Mayer, Henry (" Hy" Mayer). Artist, Caricaturist. BornJuly 18, 1868, Worms, Germany. Son of Hermann Mayer, Sr.,and Helene Loeb. Educated at Worms Gymnasium. Contributorto Life, Judge, Truth, Harper, Century, Fliegende Blatter, FigaroIllustre, Le Rire, Black and White, and Pall Mall Magazine.Works: In Laughland; Fantasies in Ha Ha; Autobiography of aMonkey; A Trip to Toyland; Adventures of a Japanese Doll;The Real New York. Address: 30 West 24th, New York.


Mayer, Julius M. Lawyer. Born September 5, 1865, New York.Son of Joseph Daniel Mayer and Fannie Marshuetz. A. B., 1884,College City of New York; LL. B., 1886, Columbia College LawSchool. Counsel to Excise Board, 1895-1896, Building Depart-ment, 1897-1898; justice Court of Special Sessions, 1902-1904;counsel, 1894, to Legislative Committee which investigated con-dition of women and children in workshops, and effected im-portant remedial legislation as to factories; all in New York City.At present president Jewish Protectory and Aid Society, NewYork. Residence: 375 West 123d. Office: 38 Park Row, NewYork.

Meltzer, Samuel James. Physician, and Associate RockefellerInstitute for Medical Research. Born March 22, 1851, Troip,Kovno, Russia. Son of Simon Meltzer. Received rabbinical edu-cation in Russia; general education at Konigsberg, Prussia. M. D.,1882, University of Berlin; also studied philosophy at Universityof Berlin. President Society for Experimental Biology and Medi-cine, and American Gastro-Enterological Association; fellow Asso-ciation for the Advancement of Science, and of New York Acad-emy of Science; chairman Section of Physiology World's Congressof Arts and Sciences at Louisiana Purchase Exposition; memberAssociation of American Physicians, American Physiological So-ciety, Society of American Pathologists, Society of AmericanBacteriologists, etc. Attending physician Harlem (Bellevue)Hospital. Author of over ninety publications on biology, physiol-ogy, scientific and practical medicine. Address: 107 West 122d,New York.

Messing, Alfred H. News Editor Hearst's Chicago Examiner.Born November 9, 1875, Williamsport, Pa. Son of Henry J. Mess-ing and Jennie May. Educated in St. Louis public and highschools, and Washington University (St. Louis, Mo.) Law Depart-ment. Married Grace Moss. Was real estate editor, St. LouisGlobe Democrat; Sunday, telegraph, city, and assistant managingeditor, of St. Louis Star. Address: care Hearst's Chicago Ameri-can, 214-216 Madison, Chicago, 111.

*Meyer, Adolph. Member of Congress from First District ofLouisiana. Born October 19, 1842. Was a student at the Univer-sity of Virginia until 1862, during which year he entered the Con-federate army and served until the close of the war on the staffof Brigadier-General John S. Williams, of Kentucky, holding fin-ally the position of assistant adjutant general; at the close of thewar returned to Louisiana, and has been engaged largely in theculture of cotton and sugar since; has also been engaged in com-


mercial and financial pursuits in the city of New Orleans; waselected colonel of the First Regiment of Louisiana State NationalGuard in 1879, and in 1881 was appointed brigadier-general tocommand the First Brigade, embracing all the uniformed corpsof the State; was elected to the Fifty-second, Fifty-third, Fifty-fourth, Fifty-fifth, Fifty-sixth, and Fifty-seventh Congresses, andre-elected to the Fifty-eighth Congress.

Meyer, Alfred. Physician. Born June 18, 1854, New YorkCity. Son of Isaac Meyer and Mathilda Langenbach. Educated inDoctor Gerke's German American Institute. A. B. and A. M.,Columbia University; M. D., College of Physicians and Surgeons;pursued courses at Universities of Leipzig and Vienna. MarriedAnnie Florance Nathan. Attending physician Mount Sinai Hos-pital; consulting physician Bedford Sanitarium for Consumptivesof Montefiore Home, and for Diseases of Lungs, United HebrewCharities; chairman Library Committee, New York Academy ofMedicine; director United Hebrew Charities. Active worker forthe establishment of a New York State Hospital for IncipientTuberculosis; made the first plea for a Municipal Sanatorium forConsumptives before the New York Academy of Medicine. Author:On Empyema; On the Pathology of Bright's Disease; On theMassachusetts State Hospital for Consumptives; On ParoxysmalTachycardia; On Five Hundred Cases of Lobar Pneumonia; Onthe Relationship of Fistula in Ano to Pulmonary Tuberculosis, Ona Case of Complete Fibrous Obstruction of the Superior andInferior Venas Cavae, etc. Address: 801 Madison Av., New York.

Meyer, Annie Nathan (Mrs. Alfred). Writer. Born February19, 1867, New York City. Daughter of Robert Weeks Nathan andAnne Augusta Florance. Taught at home, and at a school forone year. Took one year examinations at Columbia College beforeBarnard was founded. Married Dr. Alfred Meyer. Was chairmanLiterary Congress Chicago World's Fair Congresses of Women;trustee Aguilar Free Circulating Library; and has been trusteeBarnard College since its foundation. Founder of Barnard Col-lege; wrote essay on Need of an Affiliated College for Women, inThe Nation, January, 1888, placed in corner-stone of one of theBarnard College buildings; wrote original petition to trustees ofColumbia College, and obtained all the hundreds of signatures toit; for four years personally raised most of the funds for theCollege, also got together first board of trustees. Author:Women's Work in America; Helen Brent, M. D.; My Park Book;Robert Annyss, Poor Priest. Writer on literary subjects, skits,sketches, critiques on painting and on fiction, appearing in Book-man, Critic, Harper's Monthly, Bazar, and Weekly, North Ameri-


can Review, Lippincott's, Evening Post, New Era, AmericanHebrew and Jewish Messenger. Address: 801 Madison Av., NewYork.

Mielziner, Leo. Artist. Born December 8, 1869, New York.Son of Rabbi Moses Mielziner and Rosette Levald. Educated atCincinnati Art Academy and Ecole des Beaux Arts, Paris. Mar-ried Ella M. Friend. Was first vice-president American Art Asso-ciation, Paris. Made oil portrait of the late Dr. M. Mielziner;portrait busts of the late Dr. I. M. Wise and of Israel Zangwill;miniature portrait of Dr. Alexandre Marmorek. Address: 17, rueBoissonade, Paris, France.

Miller, Sara. Teacher New York elementary schools. BornNovember 7, 1876, New York. Daughter of Emanuel Miller andCarolina Katz. Educated in elementary private and publicschools, Normal College, and Columbia University. Author:Under the Eagle's Wing. Address: 183 West 87th, New York.

Milwitzky, William. Philologist. Born December 24, 1874, Jan-ishki, Lithuania, Russia. Son of Jacob Menasseh Milwitzky andHinda Riva Mandelstamm. Educated in German Gymnasium,Goldingen, Courland; Newark, N. J., public and high schools,Columbia College, New York, and University of Paris (elevetitulaire de l'Ecole des Hautes Etudes). Was private instructorto the son of Gaston Paris, 1896-1898; assistant Philological De-partment, Harvard College Library, 1899-1900; assistant JewishEncyclopedia, 1900-1901; engaged in private work and publica-tion of philological studies, since 1901; is collecting and arrangingmaterial for philological work on Spanish dialects. Emigrated toAmerica, 1888; private pupil of Gaston Paris, 1895-1898; travelledthrough Turkey, Greece, and Roumania, to collect material forstudy of Judfeo-Spanish dialects. Contributed articles to ModernLanguage Notes, and Jewish Encyclopedia (vols. 1-3). Author:(in collaboration with Gaston Paris) Glossaires latin-francais duMoyen Age (unpublished); (in collaboration with S. Berger) LaBible en Espagne. Address: Quinta Palatino, Cerro, Habana,Cuba, or 367 Morris Av., Newark, N. J.

Mordecai, Augustus. Assistant Chief Engineer Erie Railroad.Born September 8, 1847, Philadelphia, Pa. Son of Alfred Mordecaiand Sara A. Hays. Educated in private schools and PolytechnicCollege of the State of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. Married Mar-garet E. Bowman. Appointed engineer Pennsylvania Railroad,1867; St. Louis, Council Bluffs, and Omaha Railroad, 1870; Pitts-burg, Virginia, and Charleston Railroad, 1871; Atlantic and Great


Western Railroad, 1873; general roadmaster New York, Penn-sylvania, and Ohio Railroad, 1888; chief engineer Erie Railroad,1892; assistant chief engineer Brie Railroad, 1894. Address: Gar-fleld Building, Cleveland, O.

Moritz, Albert. Lieutenant-Commander United States Navy; atpresent Chief Engineer United States Battleship Alabama. BornJune 8, 1860, Cincinnati, O. Son of Mayer Moritz and CarolineFrank. Educated in public schools, New York City; College Cityof New York, 1875-1877. Appointed, by competitive examination,Cadet Engineer from New York to Naval Academy, Annapolis,1877. Graduate Naval Academy, 1881. Married Henrietta Good-man. Commissioned assistant engineer, 1883; passed assistantengineer, 1894; promoted lieutenant, 1899; promoted lieutenant-commander, 1903. Served on the following ships: Enterprise,1882-1883; Juniata, 1886-1889; Yorktown, Baltimore, and Mon-terey, 1893-1896; Minneapolis, Saturn, Brooklyn, Topeka, New-ark, Yosemite, and Brutus, 1898-1901; Kearsarge and Ala-bama, 1903-1904. Served on shore: inspector of machinery ofMaine, 1889-1893; New York Navy Yard inspector of brass andcopper material, 1896-1898; inspector of machinery, engineeringmaterial, and ordnance, 1901-1903. Erected first ice-plant, inGuam, P. I., 1900. Commended for gallant conduct when Yosemitewas wrecked in typhoon off Guam, 1900. Address: Navy Depart-men, Washington, D. C.

*Morris, Nelson. Packer. Born January 21, 1839, Black Forest,Germany. Self-educated. Emigrated to the United States attwelve; went to Chicago, 1854; secured employment in stockyards. Began business for himself two years later. MarriedSarah Vogel. President Nelson Morris and Company. Officer ordirector of several banks and other enterprises. Residence:2453 Indiana Av. Office: Union Stock Yards, Chicago, 111.

Morse, Godfrey. Lawyer. Born May 19, 1846, Wachenheim,Bavaria. Son of Jacob Maas Morse and Charlotte Mehlinger.Educated in Boston public schools. A. B., 1870, and LL. B., 1872,Harvard University; A.M., 1900, Tufts College. Member BostonSchool Committee, 1876-1878; Common Council, 1882-1883, andpresident of Council, 1883; commissioner for building a courthouse for Suffolk County, Mass., 1885-1892; assistant counsel forthe United States, Court of Commissioners of Alabama Claims,1883; trustee Boston Dental College; president Boston Federationof Jewish Charities, Leopold Morse Home for Infirm Hebrews andOrphanage, Boston Branch Alliance Israelite Universelle, PurimAssociation, Elysium Club, and member and trustee of many


other charitable and semi-public organizations. Address: Ex-change Building, 53 State, Boston, Mass.

Moschcowitz, Paul. Artist. Born March 4, 1873, Giralt, Hun-gary. Son of Morris Moschcowitz and Rose Baumgarten. Edu-cated at Giralt and New York public schools. Pupil of H.Siddons Mowbray, Benjamin Constant, and J. MeNeill Whistler.Instructor Art Students League, 1902; Sketch Club, 1896-1897,both of New York. Member Society of American Artists; trusteeArtists Aid Society of New York. Has painted numerous por-traits. Address: 939 Eighth Av., New York.

Moses, Jacob M. Lawyer. Born 1873, Baltimore, Md. Son ofMoses Moses and Rose Levi. Educated in Baltimore publicschools. A. B., 1893, Johns Hopkins University; LL. B., 1895,University of Maryland. Married Hortense E. Guggenheimer.State Senator, 1900-1904; member Maryland and Virginia OysterCommission, 1902, and member Phi Beta Kappa, Johns HopkinsUniversity. Author: The Law Applicable to Strikes. Address:2321 Linden Av., Baltimore, Md.

Mosler, Gustave Henry. Artist. Born June 16, 1875, Munich,Germany, of American parents, Henry Mosler and Sara Cahn.Educated at Paris. Received gold medal, Paris Salon, 1901. Pic-ture purchased by Erie Art Club, Erie, Pa. Works: The EmptyCradle, reproduced by Raphael Tuck; De Profundis, exhibited atLouisiana Purchase Exposition, St. Louis, Mo. Address: EuclidHall, 2347 Broadway, New York.

Mosler, Henry. Artist. Born June 6, 1841, in Silesia. Son ofGustave Mosler and Sophie Wiener. Educated in France andGermany. Married Sara Cahn. Special artist for Harper's Weeklyduring Civil War. Chevalier de la Legion d'Honneur, 1892, andOfficier d'Academie, 1892; 1879, honorable mention, and 1888, goldmedal, Salon; medal Royal Academy, Munich, 1874; gold medals:International Exhibition, Nice, France, 1879; Archduke Carl Lud-wig of Austria, 1893; Atlanta Exposition, Ga., 1895; The Art Club,Philadelphia, 1897; and Charleston (S. C.) Exposition, 1902;silver medal, Exposition Universelle, Paris, 1889; Hors Concours,1890; prize ($2500), Prize Fund Exhibition, New York, 1885;Thomas B. Clarke prize, National Academy of Design, 1896. LeRetour purchased, 1879, by the French Government for the Museede Luxembourg. Other paintings in museums in Sydney, Aus-tralia; Grenoble, France; Louisville, Philadelphia, Cincinnati, andNew York. Address: Euclid Hall, 2347 Broadway, New York.

Moss, Mary. Author. Born September 24, 1864, Chestnut Hill,Philadelphia. Daughter of Wm. Moss, M. D., and Mary Noronha.


Has written a Jewish novel, Julian Meldohla (Lippincott's, Mar.,1903); a Jewish story, Judith Liebestraum (Scribner's, August,1904); a sketch on the Yiddish Theatre in the Philadelphia Press.Of non-Jewish works, two novels, A Sequence in Hearts andFruit Out of Season, as well as essays in the Atlantic Monthly,McClure's Magazine, The Bookman, Ainslee's, etc. Residence:Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia.

Moss, William. Physician. Born 1833, Philadelphia, Pa. Sonof Joseph L. Moss and Julia Levy. Studied at University of Penn-sylvania; M. D., 1855, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia.Married Mary Noronha. Served in Civil War as private soldier,16th Pennsylvania Volunteers; surgeon 6th Pennsylvania Cavalry,and United States Volunteers. Address: Chestnut Av., ChestnutHill, Philadelphia, Pa.

Muhlfelder, David. Lawyer, Justice City Court of Albany.Born December 26, 1860, Ballston Spa, New York. Son of LewisMuhlfelder and Rosa Schwarz. Educated in Ballston Spa publicschools; A. B., 1880, Union College, Schenectady; LL. B., 1882,Albany Law School. Has been officer, director, and trustee, ofsocial and charitable organizations. Address: 50 Jay, Albany,N. Y.

Myers, Herman. Mayor of Savannah, Ga. Born January 18,1847, Bavaria, Germany. Son of Sigmund Myers. Educated atRichmond, and Warm Springs, Bath County, Va. PresidentNational Bank of Savannah; of Oglethorpe Savings and TrustCompany, and of Macon Railway and Light Company. Address:Savannah, Ga.

Nathan, Edgar J. Lawyer. Born January 25, 1860, New YorkCity. Son of Gershom Nathan and Rosalie Gomez. Educated inFriends Seminary; LL. B., 1881, Columbia University. MarriedSara N. Solis. Belongs to firm of Cardozo and Nathan, directsuccessor to Morris and Billings, formed in New York, 1863.Has had an active professional career of over twenty years.Address: 128 Broadway, New York.

Nathan, Maud (Mrs. Frederick). President, since 1897, of theConsumers' League of the City of New York. Born October 20,1862, New York City. Daughter of Robert Weeks Nathan andAnne Augusta Florance. Educated in private schools, New York,and in public high school, Green Bay, Wis. Married FrederickNathan. One of the organizers and incorporators, and was vice-president, Consumers' League, City of New York; was chairman

lf,0 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Committee on Industrial Conditions Affecting Women and Chil-dren, in General Federation of Women's Clubs; vice-presidentWoman's Municipal League; twice speaker at International Con-gress of Women; first president Shearith Israel Sisterhood. Onthree occasions the only woman speaker at mass meetings withmen. Addressed by invitation: American Academy of Politicaland Social Science; Brooklyn and Philadelphia Ethical CultureAssociations; The Cambridge Conferences; Congress of LiberalReligions; three Biennial Meetings of the General Federation ofWomen's Clubs; National Congress of Mothers; National Councilof Women; National Woman's Suffrage Association; People's Insti-tute; and League for Political Education. Has written short arti-cles in North American Review, The World's Work, The NewEra, New York Times, etc.; annual reports; and papers on Chris-tianity and Judaism, read before the Unitarian Alliance ofWomen; The Heart of Judaism, read before the Council of Jew-ish Women, and in pulpit of Temple Beth-El, New York; Philan-thropy vs. Charity, read in pulpit of All Souls Unitarian Church,Chicago. Address: 162 West 86th, New York.

Newburger, Joseph E. Judge Court of General Sessions since1896. Born 1853, New York City. Son of Emanuel Newburgerand Lotte Fuchs. Educated in New York public schools. LL. B.,Columbia University. Judge City Court, 1891-1895. Was presi-dent Independent Order B'nai B'rith, District No. 1; memberExecutive Committee Independent Order Free Sons of Israel, andOrder Kesher Shel Barzel. Now member Board of Trustees andchairman Executive Committee Hebrew Benevolent and OrphanAsylum Society, New York. Was trustee and president Congre-gation Rodeph Shalom; trustee Hebrew Free Schools; and oneof the founders Jewish Theological Seminary of America; all ofNew York. Address: Criminal Court Building, New York.

Newburger, Morris. President Mechanics National Bank. BornNovember 12, 1834, Haigerloch, Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, Ger-many. Son of Samuel Newburger. Educated in Real-Schule andPreceptorate, Haigerloch. Vice-president and chairman SchoolCommittee Reform Congregation Keneseth Israel, Philadelphia;president Jewish Publication Society of America, 1888-1902; mem-ber Citizens' Permanent Relief Committee, Philadelphia. Pater-nal ancestors for many generations rabbis and teachers. Address:323 Chestnut, Philadelphia, Pa.

Newmark, Leo. Physician, Professor Clinical Neurology, Medi-cal Department University of California. Born May 22, 1861, SanFrancisco, Cal. Son of J. P. Newmark and Augusta Leseritz.


Educated in San Francisco public schools, Friedrichs Gymnasiumof Berlin, and University of Berlin. M. D., 1887, University ofStrassburg. Has written articles on subjects relating to diseasesof the nervous system in American and German medical periodi-cals. Address: 590 Sutter, San Francisco, Cal.

Newmark, Nathan. Lawyer. Born June 3, 1853, New YorkCity. Son of Simon Newmark. Educated in Sacramento and SanFrancisco public schools, and San Francisco Boys High School.A. B., 1873, and A. M., 1877, University of California; LL. B., 1875,Harvard University. Admitted to bar, 1875. Editorial contrib-utor to The Hebrew, San Francisco, for twenty years. Author:On Sales and Bank Deposits; Annotations of California Code ofCivil Procedure and Political Code. Contributor to The GreenBag, Central Law Journal, etc. Office: 12 Sutter. Residence:758 Golden Gate Av., San Francisco, Cal.

Nusbaum, Louis. Assistant Professor Pedagogy, Central HighSchool, Philadelphia, Pa., since 1904. Born 1S77, Philadelphia,Pa. Son of Isaac Nusbaum and Julia Kohlberg. Studied inCentral High School (A. B., 1893); Philadelphia School of Peda-gogy; special student University of Pennsylvania; and IllinoisWesleyan University (Ph. B., 1899). Instructor Philadelphia ele-mentary schools, 1895-1900; critic teacher, Central High School,1900-1902; instructor Pedagogy, Central High School, 1902-1904.Was secretary and treasurer Herbart Club of Philadelphia, 1896-1899; member Executive Council Educational Club of Philadel-phia, 1901-1904; chairman Committee on Publicity, PhiladelphiaTeachers' Association, during salary campaign, 1903. At presentsecretary Schoolmen's Club of Philadelphia. Compiler: A Hun-dred Songs for Public Schools. Associate editor, 1899-1902, chiefeditor, since 1902, of The Teacher, Philadelphia. Address: Cen-tral High School, Broad and Green, or 2422 North Park Av.,Philadelphia, Pa.

Ochs, Adolph S. Publisher The New York Times, PhiladelphiaPublic Ledger, Chattanooga, Tenn., Times. Born March 12,1858, Cincinnati, O. Son of Julius Ochs and Bertha Levy. Edu-cated in Knoxville, Tenn., public schools. Married Effie MiriamWise, daughter of Rabbi I. M. Wise. Director and treasurer, TheAssociated Press. Address: The New York Times, New York.

Ochs, George Washington. Vice-president and General Man-ager of The Public Ledger, Philadelphia, Pa. Born October27, 1861, Cincinnati, O. Son of Julius Ochs and Bertha Levy.Educated in University of Tennessee, Knoxville. Mayor of Chat-


tanooga, 1893-1897 (two terms). President Chamber of Com-merce, 1897, Board of Education, 1897-1899, and Library Associa-tion, 1892-1897, all of Chattanooga. Delegate National Demo-cratic Convention, Third Tennessee Congressional District, 1892;delegate from State at large to Sound-Money Democratic Con-vention, 1896, and Ohio State Delegation; delivered secondingspeech nominating Cleveland, 1892. Chevalier Legion of Honorof France; decorated by President Loubet through the UnitedStates Secretary of State. Member Executive Committee NationalMunicipal League, and vice-president 1894-1900. Address: ThePublic Ledger, Philadelphia, Pa.

Oppenheim, Nathan. Physician. Born October 17, 1865, Albany,New York. Son of Gerson Oppenheim and Theresa Stein. Edu-cated in Albany high school. A. B., 1888, Harvard University;M. D., 1891, Columbia University. Studied and travelled in Ger-many, Austria, and France. Married Bertha Elsberg. Attendingpediatrist Sydenham Hospital, New York; attending neurologistNew York City Children's Hospital and Schools; was attendingphysician Children's Department Mount Sinai Hospital Dispen-sary, New York. Author: The Development of the Child; TheMedical Diseases of Childhood; The Care of the Child in Health;Mental Growth and Control. Has written various essays. Address:50 East 79th, New York City. Summer residence (from July toSeptember): Basin Harbor, Vermont.

Osterberg, Max. Consulting Engineer. Born June 12, 1869,Frankfort on the Main, Germany. Son of Henry Osterberg andToni Oppenheim. Educated in Real-Schule, and Philanthropin,Frankfort, 1875-1884. Elec. Eng., 1894; A. M., 1896, Columbia Uni-versity, New York. Received honorary university fellowship,1895. Engaged in commerce, 1885-1891; entered college, 1891, tostudy electrical engineering, and pursued advanced courses inmechanics, mathematics, and philosophy. Has done teaching, lec-turing, and writing. Member of a number of scientific bodies.Was editor Electric Power. Author: Text book on Thermody-namics, 1894; Index to Current Electric Literature, 1885. EditorProceedings of the Chicago Electrical Congress, 1893. Wrotepamphlets on Rontgen Rays, etc. Delivered about eight hundredpublic lectures, 1894-1903. Address: 11 Broadway, New York.

Paley, John. Editor The Jewish Daily News, and The JewishGazette, since 1893. Born February, 1871, Radishkowitz, Wilna,Russia. Son of Hyman Paley and Chaye Chortow. Educated inprivate schools, Talmudical Colleges of Minsk and Volosin, andLibau Rabbinical School under Dr. Klein. Married Sophia


Amchaintzky. Editor Volksadvocat, New York, 1889-1891; Jew-ish Press, Philadelphia, 1891-1892; editor and publisher Volks-wachter, 1892-1893. Author: The Russian Nihilists, and Life inNew York, dramas; two vaudevilles for the Yiddish stage; DieSchwarze Chevrah; Uriel Acosta; Mysteries of the East Side;The Erev Rav; Yichus und Verbrechen; Das Leben in New York;etc. Has written over one hundred essays. Address: 161 Barbey,Brooklyn, N. Y.

Pastor, Rose Harriet ("Zelda"). Assistant Editor EnglishDepartment, The Jewish Daily News, and The Jewish Gazette.Born July 18, 1879, Augustovo, Suwalk, Russia. Daughter ofJacob Weislander and Hinda Lewin. Educated in London JewishFree School. Left Russia for London, 1882; attended school fromage of seven to nine; assisted mother by making slipper bows athome; family emigrated to Cleveland, O., 1891; worked as cigar-roller in factory, 1891-1902; wrote first collection of poems, 1898;wrote a letter to Jewish Daily News, 1900, receiving offer ofmonthly check by return mail, with suggestion from the editorto write talks to girls; has written Talks since 1900; left cigarfactory, 1902, for New York City. Has written short stories,sketches, and poems, in Jewish Review and Observer, Cleveland,and International Socialist Review, and numerous essays underheadings Observer, and Just Between Ourselves, Girls, as wellas poems and short stories, in Jewish Daily News, and JewishGazette. Address: 1374 Webster Av., Bronx, New York.

Peixotto, George Da Maduro. Portrait Painter, Painter ofMural Decorations. Born Cleveland, O. Son of Benjamin Frank-lin Peixotto and Hannah Straus. Educated in public schools inthe United States, Krause Gymnasium, Dresden, and DresdenRoyal Academy of Arts. United States vice-consul at Lyons,France, during Garfleld's administration. Received silver medalof Royal Academy at Dresden. "Works: Portraits from life ofCardinal Manning, President McKinley, John Hay, William Win-dom, Chief Justice Morrison R. Waite, Victorien Sardou; andmany others of note; decorations of New Amsterdam Theatre,and Criterion Club, New York. Address: Carnegie Hall, NewYork City.

Peixotto, Irma Maduro. Born January 10, 1881, New York City.Daughter of Daniel L. M. Peixotto and Ida J. Solomons. Educatedat Washington, D. C, in private schools, and public elementaryand high schools. Has written articles for Lippincott's Magazine,Bookman, and Good Housekeeping. Drawings published in GoodHousekeeping. Address: 1205 K, Washington, D. C.


Peixotto, Victoria Maud ("Victoria Addison"). Actress. Bornat Lyons, France. Daughter of Benjamin F. Peixotto and HannahStraus. Educated at Paris. Played with Mrs. Fisk, 1902; StuartRohson, 1903; Henry Miller, 1904. Has been on the stage twoyears; was the last Agnes of Stuart Robson in his favoriteplay, The Henrietta, and has come under the favorable noticeof Belasco, Mrs. Fisk, and the Frohman brothers. Has toured theWest as far as San Francisco. Specialty: interpretation of classi-cal and modern comedy roles. Address: Carnegie Hall, NewYork City.

Pessels, Constance. Teacher of English, San Antonio HighSchool, San Antonio, Texas, since 1897. Born September 9, 1864,New York City. Son of Gustave Pessels and Aloine Steenbock.Studied in University of Texas, Austin. B. L., 1886; M. A., 1892;Ph. D., J894, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore. Teacher inTyler (Tex.) high school, 1887-1888; Galveston public schools,1S88-1891; instructor in English, University of Texas, 1896-1897.Author: The Present and Past Periphrastic Tenses in Anglo-Saxon (Dissertation), 1896; The Religious and Ethical Importof Judaism, published in the Proceedings of the Twenty-eighthAnnual Session of District Grand Lodge No. 7, Independent OrderB'nai B'rith. Address: 429 Goliod, San Antonio, Texas.

*Phillips, Barnet. Journalist. Born November 9, 1828, Phila-delphia, Pa. Graduate, 1847, University of Pennsylvania. Studiedin Europe and engaged in journalism. Since 1872 on staff ofNew York Times. Author: The Struggle; Burning their Ships.Address: 41 Park Row, New York.

Phillips, J. Campbell. Artist. Born February 27, 1873, NewYork City. Son of Isaac Phillips and Adeline Cohen. Studied inMetropolitan Museum of Art School, Art Students League, andprivate studio of William M. Chase. Illustrator for New YorkHerald, Truth, Judge, Once a Week (now Collier's Weekly), atsixteen years of age; illustrator for Harper's, Scribner's, and othermagazines, until 1900. Then devoted time to painting in oils,making a specialty of negro life on the rice and cotton plantations.At present makes a specialty of portraits. First painting exhib-ited in National Academy, 1893; has since exhibited in NationalAcademy, Society of American Artists, and throughout the UnitedStates. Works: Cupid's Calendar, 1898; Plantation Sketches,1899; reproductions and engravings from paintings, among themBreaking Home Ties, The Hunter's Yarn, Memories, Meditations,etc. Address: Carnegie Hall Studios, 56th and 7th Av., NewYork.


Phillips, Morris. Author, Traveller, Editor (retired from ac-tive life). Born May 9, 1834, London, England. Son of PhilipPhillips. Educated in Cleveland, O., and under private tutors, NewYork; studied law in Buffalo and New York. Married ElizabethRode. Entered law office of Brown, Hall, and Vanderpoel; asso-ciated himself with the old Mirror; in conjunction with the poetsN. P. Willis and George P. Morris, its founders, conducted theNew York Home Journal (since 1900 Town and Country), 1854;became sole editor and proprietor in the 80's; and at present re-tains proprietary interest in it. Originated publication of socialnews and other features of modern journalism. Travelled exten-sively in America and abroad. Author: Abroad and at Home.Has contributed to many periodicals and newspapers, especiallytravel sketches. Address: 235 Broadway, New York.

Phillips, Naphtali Taylor. Deputy Comptroller New York Citysince 1902. Born December 5, 1868, New York City. Son of IsaacPhillips and Miriam Trimble. Educated in Columbia GrammarSchool; LL. B., 1888, Columbia University. Married Rosalie Solo-mons. Member New York State Legislature, 1898-1901; memberJoint Statutory Revision Commission of Legislature, State of NewYork, 1900; member New York bar and bar of United StatesSupreme Court; Sons of American Revolution; Bar Associationof New York City; New York Historical Society, etc. Contributorto Publications American Jewish Historical Society. Address:280 Broadway, New York.

Platzek, M. Warley. Lawyer. Born August 27, 1854, NorthCarolina. Graduate University of New York; LL. B., 1876; LL. D.,1899, Rutherford College, North Carolina. Member ConstitutionalConvention, 1894, New York. Trustee College City of New York.Author: (essays) Trial by Jury; Israel and Islam; AmericanGrit; etc. Address: 320 Broadway, New York.

Pollak, Gustav, Editor Babyhood, since 1884, and Contributorto The New York Evening Post. Born May 4, 1849, Vienna, Aus-tria. Son of Lazar Pollak and Magdalena Klein. Educated atVienna. Married Celia Heilprin. Was connected with the edi-torial revision of the Century Cyclopedia and the New Interna-tional Encyclopedia. Cashier New York Evening Post, 1881-1893.Was interested in local political matters while resident of Summit,N. J., 1884-1901; nominated State Senator from Union County, bythe Sound-Money Democrats, 1896; several times a delegate to theState conventions at Trenton. Author: (with Dr. L. M. Yale)The Century Book for Mothers, and Our Success in Child Train-ing. Wrote article on Vienna in Appleton's New American Ency-

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clopedia; contributor for many years to Nation and Evening Poston foreign politics and literary matters. Address: 219 West138th, New York.

Popper, William. Gustav Gottheil Lecturer in Semitic Lan-guages, Columbia University; Associate Revising Editor andChief of Bureau of Translation, Jewish Encyclopedia. BornOctober 26, 1874, St. Louis, Mo. Son of Simon Popper and Bar-bara Cohn. Educated in Brooklyn public schools; College City ofNew York; A. B., 1896; A.M., 1897, and Ph.D., 1899, ColumbiaUniversity. Studied also in Universities of Strassburg and Berlin;Seminar fur Orientalische Sprachen, Berlin; Ecole Spgciale desLangues Orientales Vivantes; Ecole des Hautes Etudes; College deFrance, Paris. Travelled in Germany, France, Austria, and Spain,1899-1901; Egypt, Syria, Palestine, the Hauran, North SyrianDesert, the Euphrates region, Bagdad, and Bombay, 1901-1902.Contributed to the Jewish Encyclopedia and the InternationalEncyclopedia. Doctor dissertation: The Censorship of HebrewBooks, 1899. Address: 260 West 93d, New York.

Price, George Moses. Physician and Sanitarian. Born May21, 1864, Poltava, Russia. Son of Nison Pris. Educated in RealGymnasium, Russia; M. D., 1895, New York University MedicalCollege. Married Anna Orshansky. Came to America in 1882.Sanitary inspector, New York Sanitary Society, 1884; managerModel Tenements, 1888; correspondent American Hebrew, JewishMessenger, and Evening Post, 1889; inspector New York StateTenement Commission, 1894; inspector New York Health Depart-ment since 1895. Author: Russian Hebrews in America (pub-lished in Russian and in Yiddish), 1891; A Handbook on Sanita-tion, 1901; The Sanitary Laws of Moses, 1901; Tenement-HouseInspection, 1904; The Hygiene of Occupations, 1903. Address:254 East Broadway, New York.

Putzel, Lewis. Lawyer. Born December 16, 1866, Baltimore,Md. Son of Selig G. Putzel and Sophie Neuberger. Educated inBaltimore public schools. Graduate Baltimore City College;LL. B., 1888, University of Maryland. Married Birdie Rosenberg.Elected to Maryland House of Delegates, 1895; to State Senate,1897, re-elected, 1901; Republican caucus nominee for President ofthe Senate, 1902. Appointed Baltimore city attorney, 1896; ap-pointed member Charter Commission that prepared new charterfor City of Baltimore, 1898; president Republican city convention,1903. Residence: 804 Reservoir. Office: 114 East Lexington,Baltimore, Md.

" Ralph Royal." See Abarbanell, Jacob Ralph.


Rayner, Isidor. Lawyer, United States Senator-elect from Mary-land. Born April 11, 1850, Baltimore, Md. Son of William S.Rayner. Educated in University of Virginia, Academic and LawDepartments. Student in law office of Messrs. Brown and Brune,Baltimore. Married Miss Bevan. Elected member Maryland Legis-lature, 1878; was acting chairman of Judiciary Committee duringthe session; returned to practice of law until 1886, when he waselected State Senator, again working on the Judiciary Committeeand taking leading part in debates. Was elected to Congress,1886, and has served three times in Congress since, each timereceiving unanimous nomination; declined nomination for afourth term. Served upon the Committees of Foreign Affairs,Coinage, Weights and Measures, and Commerce; was chairmanCommittee on Organization, conducting contest for repeal of theSherman Silver Bill. Elected attorney-general of Maryland, 1899.Conducted canvass with Vice-president Stevenson in the EasternStates in Cleveland campaigns; was leading counsel for RearAdmiral Schley before the Court of Inquiry. Address: 8 EastLexington, Baltimore.

Reiwitch, Herman L. Assistant Advertising Manager, Selz,Schwab, and Company, Chicago, 111. Born December 25, 1868,Odessa, Russia. Son of David Reiwitch and Fannie Zack. Leftschool at eleven years of age to aid in support of family. Cameto America at the age of three; removed from New York toChicago at twelve. Married Fay Sachs. Messenger boy untilfourteen; entered the office of The Chicago Tribune, remainingthere for ten years in the capacity of office boy, reporter, andassistant editor; for one year assistant city editor Chicago Herald(now Record-Herald), and for ten years its city editor. Waslabor reporter on the Tribune during the Haymarket riot, 1886.Address: 5335 Prairie Av., Chicago, 111.

Rice, Isaac Leopold. Born February 22, 1850, Wachenheim,Bavaria. Son of Meier Rice and Fanny Sohn. Educated in publicschools and Central High School, Philadelphia. Graduate LawSchool Columbia College, 1880. LL. D., 1902, Bates College. Mar-ried Julia Hynemann Barnett, 1884. Appointed lecturer on bib-liography of political science, Columbia College, 1882; took uppractice of law, 1883; returned to Columbia College as instructorin the Law School, 1884, giving courses of lectures on history ofthe courts in England and America; resigned, 1886, to devote him-self to railroad law. Reorganized Brooklyn Elevated RailroadCompany; helped to reorganize St. Louis and Southwestern Rail-way, 1885; also Rio Grande Division Texas-Pacific; became directorRichmond Terminal and Richmond-Danville and Tennessee Sys-


terns of the Georgia Company controlling Central Railway andBanking Company of Georgia, all of which properties now con-stitute the Southern Railway; called to settle the difficulties ofthe Philadelphia and Reading Railway, 1889, and went to Europeas its foreign representative. Founder Electric Storage Batteryindustry, and president Electric Storage Battery Company; organ-izer and first president Electric Vehicle Company, thus foundingelectric automobile industry in the United States; organizer andnow president Electric Boat Company, which purchased HollandTorpedo Boat Company. Now president Consolidated RailwayElectric Lighting and Equipment Company; Consolidated Rail-way Lighting and Refrigerating Company; Lindstrom Brake Com-pany; Holland Torpedo Boat Company; Electric Launch Com-pany; Forum Publishing Company; first vice-president and treas-urer Casein Company of America, and of Casein ManufacturingCompany; chairman board of directors Consolidated Rubber TireCompany; member board of directors Buckeye Rubber Company;Chicago Electric Traction Company; and National Art TheatreSociety. Invented opening known as the Rice Gambit in chess;presented silver trophy for the International Universities ChessMatch, contested annually by cable for England by Oxford andCambridge, for America by Yale, Harvard, Princeton, and Colum-bia. Author: What is Music. Has written articles for the Cen-tury, North American Review, and Forum. Residence: 89th andRiverside Drive, New York City.

*Rice, Joseph M. Physician, Editor The Forum. Born 1857,Philadelphia, Pa. Educated in Philadelphia and New York.Studied in College City of New York. Graduate, 1881, College ofPhysicians and Surgeons, New York. Practiced medicine in NewYork, 1881-1888; studied psychology and pedagogics, Universitiesof Jena and Leipzig, 1888-1890; has published many articles oneducational subjects. Author: The Public School System of theUnited States; The Rational Spelling Book. Residence: 7 Hill-side Av., Summit, N. J. Office: 125 East 23d, New York.

Richards, Bernard G. Journalist. Born March 9, 1877, Keidan,Kovno, Russia. Son of Alexander Richards and Chana Sirk!Attended Cheder until fourteen years of age. Married GertrudeGruzinskie. Came to America, 1886; returned to Keidan at theend of ten months, and again came to America, 1891, and haslived in New York, Boston, and Denver, supporting himself aspeddler, clerk in dry goods store, English teacher, and Yiddishjournalist. Was Boston correspondent New York Yiddish dailies;editor Boston Israelite (Yiddish); reporter for the Boston Postfor six years, and for The Boston Journal; contributor to the


Boston Evening Transcript; editor English Department JewishWorld, New York. Author: Discourses of Keidansky. Haswritten magazine and newspaper articles and stories. Address:220 West 114th, New York.

Richman, Julia. District Superintendent New York PublicSchools. Born October 12, 1855, New York. Daughter of MosesRichman and Theresa Mellis. Educated in New York City publicschools and Normal College. Pursued post-graduate courses atSchool of Pedagogy, University City of New York. Was succes-sively teacher, principal, and district superintendent of New Yorkpublic schools. First Chairman Committee on Religious Work,National Council of Jewish Women; pioneer in educational reformin public school work; originated Parents' Meetings in connectionwith public schools. Director Hebrew Free School Association,and Educational Alliance, New York, and Jewish ChautauquaSociety. Created and edited Helpful Thoughts. Has written edu-cational articles in Educational Review, School Journal, SchoolWork, and other periodicals. Address: 116 Henry, New York.

Ries, Elias Elkan. Inventor, Consulting Electrical and Mechan-ical Engineer, Solicitor of Patents. Born January 16, 1862, Ran-degg, Baden. Son of Elkan Elias Ries and Bertha Weil. Cameto America, 1865. Educated in New York and Baltimore publicschools. Pursued courses in technical and mechanical drawingat Cooper Union, New York City, and Maryland Institute, Balti-more, and attended lecture courses at Johns Hopkins University.Studied telegraphy, at a business college in Baltimore, whileassisting his father in his shoe factory. Became telegraph opera-tor, 1876, making improvements in telephone, telegraph, andother electrical apparatus. Removed to New York from Balti-more, and held positions with the Edison Company; United StatesElectric Illuminating Company; and Fuller Electric Manufactur-ing Company. Returned to Baltimore, 1884, and developed hisown inventions in electric signalling, electric railways, etc.;organized Ries Electric Specialty Company, 1891, which intro-duced the Ries regulating socket for " turning down " the lightor " candle power" of electric lamps. Inventor of alternating-current electric railway system; of the method of electricallywelding track rails; of various motor controllers; of a new tele-phone system; etc., holding over one hundred and fifty patentsfor inventions chiefly in the electric field. Member of variousscientific societies; charter member American Association of In-ventors and Manufacturers; and of American ElectrochemicalSociety. Married Helen Hirshberg, 1895. Resident of New Yorksince 1896. Has contributed articles to scientific and technicaljournals since 1886. Address: 116 Nassau, New York.


Riesman, David. Physician. Born March 25, 1867, Stadt-Lengs-feld, Saxe-Weimar, Germany. Son of Nathan Riesman and SophieEisman. Educated in Ducal Gymnasium, Meiningen, Germany;Portsmouth, O., public and high schools. Studied medicine inUniversity of Michigan, and University of Pennsylvania (M. D.,1892). Was professor Clinical Medicine, Philadelphia Polyclinicand College for Graduates in Medicine; associate in Medicine,University of Pennsylvania; visiting physician Philadelphia Gen-eral Hospital and Jewish Hospital; neurologist Northern Dispen-sary. Ex-president Northern Medical Association, Philadelphia.Fellow College of Physicians, Philadelphia; member AmericanMedical Association; American Association for the Advancementof Science; German-American Historical Society; honorary mem-ber Cumberland County, New Jersey, Medical Society; memberUniversity Club; and Medical Club of Philadelphia. Editor:(with Dr. Ludwig Hektoen) American Text-Book of Pathology;Proceedings of Pathological Society of Philadelphia. Has con-tributed articles to medical journals. Address: 1624 Spruce,Philadelphia, Pa.

Rombro, Jacob (nom de plume, "Philip Krantz") . Editor ofDie Arbeiter Welt, and of Die Zukunft. Born October, 1858,Podolia, Russia. Son of Baruch Rombro and Bella Rosa Uger.Entered Jitomir Rabbinical school at age of fourteen; attendedthe Real-Gymnasium at Biala-Zerkoff, Kiev, 1879; St. PetersburgTechnological Institute, 1879-1881; studied at Sorbonne, Paris,1882; pursued post-graduate courses in chemistry, New YorkUniversity, 1893. Married Eva Gordon. Arrested 1877, and im-prisoned for one year, in Charkov for political propaganda; sen-tenced to be under supervision of police. Emigrated to escapearrest for affiliation with Russian Revolutionary Party, 1881, andhas lived in Paris, London, and New York as a political exilesince. Engaged in journalism, 1880; first connected with Rus-sian Jewish weekly Razsviet; assistant lecturer in chemistry,New York University, 1893; teacher of English, New York publicevening schools, 1894-1902. Connected with Socialistic movement.First editor London Arbeiter Freund, 1885. Now writer for theInternational Publishing Company, New York. Contributed, inRussian, to Razsviet, Voschod, and Zarya (daily, in Kiev, sup-pressed by the Government). Has written in Yiddish articles forlabor and radical periodicals since 1885. Author: History ofCulture; History of the French Revolution; Exodus accordingto Egyptian Sources; English Teacher for Jews. Writer of social-istic pamphlets. Address: 26 Canal, New York.

Rosenau, Milton J. Passed Assistant Surgeon and Director ofthe Hygienic Laboratory of the United States Public Health and


Marine Hospital Service since 1900. Born January 1, 1869, Phila-delphia, Pa. Son of Nathan Rosenau and Mathilda Blitz. Grad-uate Philadelphia high school, 1886; studied medicine in Univer-sity of Pennsylvania (M. D., 1889); Hygienic Institute, Berlin;Pasteur Institute, Paris; laboratories and hospitals of Vienna.Married Myra B. Frank, 1900. Entered United States MarineHospital Service, 1890; sanitary attache to United States consul-ates at Hamburg and Antwerp, during cholera epidemic inEurope, 1893; United States quarantine officer at port of SanFrancisco, Cal., 1895-1898; established, upon original ideas, quar-antine system and regulations for Island of uba, 1899; studiedabroad, 1901; delegate from United States to enth InternationalCongress of Hygiene and Demography, and . uirteenth Interna-tional Congress of Medicine, Paris, 1900; represented UnitedStates on International Committee called by France to revise thenomenclature of the causes of death; sanitary expert to secondPan-American Congress held in City of Mexico, 1901-1902; repre-sented United States Public Health and Marine Hospital Serviceat various gatherings of American Medical and American PublicHealth Associations, New York Academy of Medicine, and meet-ings of Associations for Study of Tuberculosis; chairman of Sec-tion on Etiology of the Yellow Fever Institute of United States,Public Health and Marine Hospital Service, and conducted experi-ments in search of the cause of yellow fever in Vera Cruz in 1902and 1903. Author: Disinfection and Disinfectants (foreign edi-tion entitled, A Practical Guide to Disinfection), 1902. Con-tributed medical articles to medical journals and Governmentbulletins. Address: 3211 13th, N. W., Washington, D. C.

Rosenberg, Abraham H. Printer. Born October 17, 1838, Pinsk,Russia. Son of Uziel Jaffa Rosenberg and Leah Lieberman.Educated by father and in Rabbinical Seminary, Jitomir, Russia(1871). Began the study of secular branches at age of twenty-two. Married Clara Bercinsky. Life member, since 1872, Societyfor the Diffusion of Knowledge among Jews in Russia; ChiefRabbi district of Pinsk, 1872-1881; Chief Rabbi district of Niko-laiev, Russia, 1881-1890; instructor Jewish history and religion, atClassical Gymnasium of Nikolaiev, Russia, 1882-1890. Author:Ge Hizayon, 1867-8, Ha-Melitz (on the belief in spirits andghosts); Tridensky Evrei, 1878 (an historical sketch of Jewishlife in the Middle Ages); History of the Jews for High Schoolsand Rabbinical Seminaries (in Russian), 1889; Hatan Damim,1892, Ha-Ibri ( a novel of Russian Jewish life); Ozar ha-Shemot(Cyclopedia of the Bible; only 2 vols. issued); Anshe ha-Shem(biographical; in MS.). Address: 1 West 115th, New York City.


Rosendale, Simon W. Lawyer. Born June 23, 1842, Albany,N. Y. Son of Sampson Rosendale and Fannie Sachs. Educatedat Albany, and Barre, Vt, Academy. Married Helen Conn.Assistant district attorney, 1864-1867; recorder, 1868-1872; andcorporation counsel, of Albany; Attorney General State of NewYork, 1892-1894; commissioner State Board of Charities, since1899. President board of trustees Union University. Trustee anddirector of various organizations. Author: The Involution ofWampum as Currency. Contributor to Publications AmericanJewish Historical Society. Address: 325 State, Albany, N. Y.

Rosenfeld, Morris. Editor of The Jewish World. Born Decem-ber 28, 1862, Boksha, Suwalk, Poland. Son of Ephraim Rosenfeldand Rachel Wilchinsky. Educated at Cheder and Beth Hamid-rash of Suwalk, New Praga (Warsaw), and Boksha, Russia. Mar-ried Bella Guttenberg. Worked at tailoring in sweat shops inLondon and New York; learned the diamond-cutting trade inAmsterdam, Holland; was engaged in work at Columbia Univer-sity library; delivered lectures and gave recitations in the promi-nent cities of England and America; has been connected with theeditorial staff of all the leading Jewish journals of America.Delegate to Fourth Zionist Congress, London, 1900; appointed onPropaganda Committee for America, at Fifth Zionist Congress,Basle. Gave reading's at Harvard University, 1898; ChicagoUniversity, 1900; Wellesley and Radcliffe Colleges, 1902; Tech-nical Institute, Worcester, Mass., 1902. Author: Die Glocke,1888; Die Blumenkette, 1890; Das Lieder Buch, 1897; Songs fromthe Ghetto, 1898; Collection of Poems, 1904. Contributor toDer Fraind, and Der Tog, of St. Petersburg, and other papers.Address: 50 Croton Terrace, Yonkers, N. Y.

Rosenfeld, Sydney. Dramatist. Born October 26, 1855, Rich-mond, Va. Educated in Richmond and New York public schools,and by private tutors. Married Genie Holzmeyer Johnson, 1883.First editor of Puck; one of the main movers in the effort tosecure a National Theatre for the United States; secretary Na-tional Art Theatre Society; president and managing director ofNational Theatre Company. Author: (plays) A Possible Case;Imagination; The Club Friend; The Politician; A Man of Ideas;A House of Cards; The Senator (co-author); (operettas and mu-sical plays) The Lady or the Tiger; The Mocking Bird; The Pass-ing Show; The Giddy Throng; The King's Carnival; The Hallof Fame; (adapter) The White Horse Tavern; The Two Escutch-eons; The Black Hussar; Prince Methusalem; Nanon, etc. Ad-dress: The Albany, 215 West 51st, New York.


Rosenheim, Alfred Faist. Architect. Born June 10, 1859, St.Louis, Mo. Son of Morris Rosenheim and Matilda Ottenheimer.Educated at public schools and Washington University, St. Louis;Hassell's Institute, Frankfort on the Main, Germany; B. A., 1881,Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston. Married FrancesGraham Wheelock. Was employed as assistant by several lead-ing architects of Boston and St. Louis; first important commis-sion executed at twenty-seven; called to Los Angeles in 1903, totake charge of construction of one of the costliest and most im-portant office buildings on the Pacific coast. Was for two yearsmember Board of Directors American Institute of Architects;secretary for eight years of St. Louis Chapter of American Insti-tute of Architects; consulting architect for Rosenberg MemorialLibrary, Galveston, Tex., in 1901. Address: Suite 815-818 Her-man W. Hellman Building, Los Angeles, Cal.

Rosenthal, Albert. Artist. Born January 30, 1863, Philadel-phia, Pa. Son of Max Rosenthal and Caroline Rosenthal. Edu-cated at Philadelphia and Paris. Married Henrietta Nuneville.Lithographer, etcher, and painter. Address: 1529 Chestnut, Phil-adelphia, Pa.

Rosenthal, Herman. Chief of Slavonic Department, New YorkPublic Library; editor Russian Department, Jewish Encyclopedia.Born October 6, 1843, Friedrichstadt, Courland, Russia. Son ofMoritz Rosenthal and Pauline Birkhahn. Educated at Bauskdistrict school, and private boarding school at Jacobstadt. Mar-ried Anna Rosenthal. Arrived in United States, 1881; started thefirst agricultural colony for Russian Jews in America, in Loui-siana; organized two more colonies in South Dakota and NewJersey; was sent by the Great Northern Railway on mission toJapan and China, 1892-1893; secretary German-American ReformUnion, 1893-1894; started the Russian daily Zarya, 1890; pub-lished and edited the Hebrew Monthly Intelligencer, New York;member Imperial Russian Orphan Asylum; Red Cross Society,medal of latter, 1877-1878. Contributor since 1885 to New YorkStaats-Zeitung. Author: Worte des Sammlers, 1893; Lied derLieder, 1893; Report on Japan, China and Corea, 1893. Address:New York Public Library, Lafayette PL, New York.

Rosenthal, Jonas. Merchant. Born June 21, 1843, Oberlauter-bach, Alsace. Son of Isaiah Rosenthal and Rosa Walter. Edu-cated in French and Alexandria, La., schools. Married JeanetteWeil. Came to the United States, 1860; served three years and ahalf in the Confederate Army during the Civil War; memberCity Council at various times for about fourteen years; member

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of Parish Rapides School Board since 1879, and president fortwenty years; appointed postmaster of Alexandria by PresidentCleveland; member of Democratic Executive Committee of theParish. Address: Alexandria, La.

Rosenthal, Lessing. Lawyer. Born November 23, 1868, Chi-cago, 111. Son of Julius Rosenthal and Jette Wolf. Educated atgrammar school, and South Division High School, Chicago, 111;Johns Hopkins University (A. B., 1888); studied law in North-western University (LL. B., 1891); post-graduate course, Chi-cago College of Law (LL. B., 1892). Married Mrs. Lillie FrankMyers. Admitted to bar of Illinois, 1891, and is associated inpractice with his father under the firm name Julius and LessingRosenthal. Was chairman Committee on Judicial Administrationof Illinois State Bar Association; vice-president German-AmericanCharity Association of Chicago. Now vice-president Chicago BarAssociation, and Civil Service Reform Association of Chicago;member Executive Committee Municipal Voters' League of Chi-cago; secretary Northwestern Association of Johns HopkinsAlumni; director of Jewish Training School, Chicago. Contrib-uted papers, reports, and articles to law journals and periodicals,among them: Some Recent Constructions of Wills, 1896; Ten-dencies in Modern Industrial Society, particularly of Trusts andCombinations, 1899; Some General Reflections touching RecentProgress and Present Tendencies, 1902. Address: 1007 Fort Dear-born Building, Chicago, 111.

Rosenthal, Max. Painter, Engraver, Etcher, Lithographer, Il-lustrator. Born November 23, 1833, Turek, near Kalish, RussianPoland. Son of Wolf Rosenthal and Esther Kolsky. Studied artat Berlin under Professor Carl Harnisch; in Paris, under MartinThurwanger; at Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, Philadel-phia. Married Carolina Rosenthal. Came to Philadelphia, 1849,with his teacher, Thurwanger; devoted himself to chromo-litho-graphy, a process in which he was the pioneer; received secondprize for composition in Pennsylvania Academy, 1853; silvermedal from Franklin Institute for Applied Science in the GraphicArts, 1854; diploma for achievements in lithographic art fromMassachusetts Institute for Arts and Sciences, 1857; diplomafrom Historical Society of Pennsylvania, for first fac-simile ofwater colors reproduced in the United States by lithographicprocess, 1858; successful competitor in Surgical and Medical de-partment of United States in contest to illustrate reports ofMedical Staff, 1867; received first prize, 1870, and second prizesin 1873 and 1885, for original designs; invented a process ofdecorating glass by "sand blast," 1872; during the Civil War


followed the Army of the Potomac, making Illustrations for theUnited States Military Commission; since 1880 has etched morethan five hundred historical portraits, a collection of which is inthe Smithsonian Institution at Washington; also painted originalpictures illustrating Longfellow's Building of the Ship, Legendof Rabbi Ben Levi, etc.; produced a number of mezzotinto engrav-ings since 1890; and recently has turned his attention to paintingin oil and painting of miniatures. Last work: Jesus at Prayer.Address: 1613 Wallace, Philadelphia, Pa.

Rosenthal, Moritz. Lawyer. Born May 4, 1866, Dixon, 111. Sonof Samson Rosenthal and Mina Cahn. Educated at preparatoryschools and in University of Michigan (B. L., 1888). MarriedVirginia Moses. Assistant State's Attorney Cook County, 111.;Assistant United States Attorney Northern Illinois. Residence:5478 Greenwood Av. Office: 600-614 The Temple, Chicago, 111.

•Rosenthal, Toby Edward. Artist. Born March 15, 1848, NewHaven, Conn. Studied art under Fortunato Arviola, San Fran-cisco, 1864; Carl von Piloty, Munich, 1865; and Royal Academy,Munich. Received medals in Munich, 1870, and 1883; Philadel-phia, 1876. Removed with family to San Francisco, in 1855.Professional life spent in Europe. Works: Love's Last Offering;Spring, Joy and Sorrow, 1868; Morning Prayers in Bach's Fam-ily, 1870, bought by the Saxon Government, and now in museumof Leipzig; Elaine, 1874; Young Monk in Refectory, 1875; For-bidden Longings; Who laughs Last laughs Best; Girls' Boarding-School Alarmed, 1877; A Mother's Prayer, 1881; Empty Place,1882; Trial of Constance de Beverley, 1883; Departure from theFamily, 1885; Dancing Lesson during the Empire; Out of theFryingpan into the Fire, 1871. Very few of his works have beenexhibited in this country. Address: San Francisco, Cal.

Rosentreter, David. President of the Washington NationalBank of St. Louis. Born January 30, 1861, Gollantsch, Germany.Son of Meyer Rosentreter. Educated in Berlin, Germany, andMissouri College of Law, St. Louis, Mo. Married Miss Greene-wald. Was first treasurer of St. Louis Jewish Hospital Associa-tion; director Jewish Relief Association; and founder of JewishFarmers' Colony in Washington County, Mo. Organized theWashington National Bank of St. Louis. Address: 1401 Wash-ington Av., St. Louis, Mo.

Rosenzweig, Gerson. Editor, Author, Poet. Born April, 1861,Bialystok, Russia. Son of Solomon Rosenzweig. Educated inJewish schools in Berlin and Russia. Married Hannah M. Abram-


son. Conducted a school in Suwalk, Russia, for ten years, andsince 1888 has been interested in Hebrew educational institutionsin New York. Co-editor of The Jewish Daily News, and of TheJewish World, New York; published and edited Ha-Ibri, andThe Kadimah. Author: Masehet Amerika; Shirim u-Meshalim;American National Songs in Hebrew; Hamisha ve-Aleph. Ad-dress: 1726 Madison Av., New York.

Rosewald, Julie. Professor of Singing at Mills College Con-servatory of Music, San Francisco, Cal. Born March 7, 1847,Stuttgart, Germany. Daughter of Moriz Eichberg, Obercantor ofWiirtemberg, and Leonore Seligsberg. Member of a musicalfamily. Educated at Stuttgart and Frankfort on the Main, Ger-many. Married Jacob H. Rosewald (deceased). Prima donna inthe Kellogg, the Strakosch, and the Abbott Opera Company; forten years solo soprano at Temple Emanu-El, San Francisco, dur-ing that time singing and reciting the parts of the service usuallysung and recited by a Cantor, in place of that functionary; giventitle of Professor of Vocal Music by Regents of Mills College ofMusic, 1894. Many of her pupils, among them Caroline Hamilton,Marie Barna, Anna Miller Wood, Mabelle Gilman, etc., achievedsuccess on the operatic and the concert stage. Published smalltheoretical works for students, as How Shall I Practice, etc.Address: Hecht Brothers and Company, San Francisco, Cal.

•Rosewater, Andrew. Civil and Sanitary Engineer. BornOctober 31, 1848, Bohemia. Educated in Cleveland common andhigh schools. Married Frances Meinrath, of Boston. Flagmanengineer corps, Union Pacific Railway explorations and surveys,1864; later in other engineering positions same road; assistantcity engineer Omaha, 1868-1870; city engineer, 1870-1875; managerand editor Omaha Bee, 1876-1877; engineer in charge construc-tion Omaha and Northwestern Railway, 1878-1880; resident engi-neer Omaha Water Works Company, 1880-1881; city engineerOmaha, 1881-1887; 1887-1891 consulting and designing engineerof sewerage for twenty-five cities; president electrical subwaycommission of Washington, 1891-1892; consulting engineer forcities in Colorado, South Dakota, etc. Since 1897 city engineerOmaha and president Board of Public Works, etc. MemberAmerican Society of Civil Engineers; president Nebraska Societyof Engineers. Wrote report of the Electrical Commission of theDistrict of Columbia to the President, 1891. Address: Omaha,Neb.

Rosewater, Edward. Editor and Publisher Omaha Bee. BornJanuary 28, 1841, Bukowan, Bohemia. Son of Herman Rosen-


wasser and Rosalia Kohn. Educated at Bukowan commonschools; Breznitz Real-Schule, Prague; and Commercial College,Cleveland, O.; chiefly self-taught. Married Leah Colman. Cameto United States, 1854; peddler, clerk, and bookkeeper, 1854-1858;telegraph operator at eighteen; in United States military tele-graph corps, 1861-1863, transmitting General Pope's despatchesfrom various battlefields; went to Omaha, as manager PacificTelegraph, 1863; member Nebraska legislature, 1871; founded,1871, The Omaha Evening Bee, which afterwards became a morn-ing daily, weekly, and Sunday paper. On Republican NationalCommittee, 1892; on advisory board National Committee, 1896 and1900; received many votes on numerous ballots in Nebraska legis-lature for United States senator, 1901; member United States MintCommission, 1896; representative of United States and vice-presi-dent Universal Postal Congress, Washington, 1897; original pro-moter Trans-Mississippi Exposition, Omaha, 1898; member of itsexecutive committee in charge of publicity and promotion. Ad-dress: Omaha, Neb.

Rosewater, Victor. Managing Editor Omaha Bee, since 1895.Born February 13, 1871, Omaha, Neb. Son of Edward Rosewaterand Leah Colman. Educated at Omaha public schools; JohnsHopkins University; and Columbia University (Ph. B., 1891;A.M., 1892; Ph.D., 1893); fellow in political science, ColumbiaUniversity, 1892-1893. Married Katie Katz. Began newspaperwork on The Bee, 1893. Regent Nebraska State University, 1896-1897; special lecturer on Municipal Finance, University of Wis-consin, 1904; University of Nebraska, 1895; member Board ofReview (city taxes), Omaha, 1902; Omaha Public Library Board,since 1894. Member of General Committee Taxation Department,National Civic Federation, and of economic and historical asso-ciations. Author: Special Assessments: a Study in MunicipalFinance, 1898; and Omaha, in Historic Towns of the WesternStates, 1901; " Laissez faire " in Palgrave's Dictionary of PoliticalEconomy; and Omaha, in Encyclopedia Britannica Supplement.Has contributed articles on economics and finance to PoliticalScience Quarterly; Quarterly Journal of Economics, AmericanStatistical Association Quarterly; Booklovers' Magazine, Munici-pal Affairs, New York Independent, etc. Address: Omaha, Neb.

Rowe, Leo S. Assistant Professor Political Science, Universityof Pennsylvania. Born September 17, 1871, McGregor, Iowa.Son of Louis R. Rowe. Educated at University of Pennsylvania,Arts Department, and Wharton School of Finance and Economy(Ph. B., 1890). As Fellow of the Wharton School with privilegeof foreign study, spent 1890-1892 in Germany, and took the


Doctor's degree at the University of Halle in 1892. Travelled inFrance and Italy, 1892-1894; appointed lecturer in public law,University of Pennsylvania, 1894; instructor, 1895; assistant pro-fessor, 1897; appointed, by President McKinley, member of theCommission to Revise and Compile the Laws of Porto Rico, 1900;chairman Insular Code Commission, 1901-1902; resumed his aca-demic duties, 1902. Elected president American Academy of Polit-ical Science. Author: The United States and Porto Rico; (co-author) Report of the United States Commission to Revise theLaws of Porto Rico (2 vols.); (co-author) Report of the InsularCode Commission. Published reports and contributed articles onpolitical science and city government to magazines, journals,Palgrave's Dictionary of Political Economy, The Annals of theAmerican Academy of Political and Social Science, Proceedingsof various societies, and foreign publications. Address: Univer-sity of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.

Rubinow, Isaac M. Examiner United States Civil Service Com-mission since 1903. Born April 19, 1875, Lunny (near Grodno),Russia. Son of Max Rubinow and Esther Shereshewsky. Studiedin Petri-Pauli Gymnasium, Moscow, Russia, 1885-1892; ColumbiaUniversity, 1893-1895 (A. B., 1895); University Medical College,New York, 1895-1898 (M. D., 1898); Columbia University Schoolof Political Science, 1900-1903. Married Sophie Himowich. Cameto United States, 1893, after the expulsion of the Jews fromMoscow. Correspondent of Russian newspapers since 1897, andcontributor to Russian magazines; Washington Staff Correspond-ent of The Publications of the Russian Ministry of Finance, of TheSt. Petersburg Wedoniosti, Voschod, etc. Has written articles forThe American Hebrew, Arena, International Socialist Review,Messenger of Education, The Week's Library, etc., on timely, eco-nomic, and educational topics. Address: 511 8th, N. E., Wash-ington, D. C.

Ruskay, Esther J. (Mrs. S. S.). Writer, Journalist. Born 1857,New York City. Daughter of Abraham Baum and Goldie Web-ster. Educated in New York City public schools and NormalCollege (B. A., 1875). Studied belles lettres and English litera-ture at Columbia University for one year. Married Samuel S.Ruskay. Teacher in public schools, New York City, for two years.Interested in communal work. Author: Book of Poems forChildren; Hearth and Home Essays. Contributed stories, poems,and articles to newspapers and magazines. Address: 244 East86th, New York.

Sabsovich, Hirsch Leib. Mayor of Woodbine, N. J.; Superin-tendent of the Woodbine Land and Improvement Company since


1891, and of the Baron de Hirsch Agricultural and IndustrialSchool since 1894. Born February 25, 1860, Rodovka, Charkov,Russia. Son of Ezekiel Ber Sabsovich and Beila M. Simonovich.Studied in the Classical Gymnasium of Berdiansk-Taurida; fortwo years at Odessa University; for three years in the Agricul-tural School of the Federal Polytechnicum, Zurich, Switzerland.Married Ekatherina Groushke. Agricultural chemist in OdessaUniversity, 1885-1886; manager of landed estates in the Caucasus,Russia, 1886-1888; private teacher in New York, 1888-1889; agri-cultural chemist at Experiment Station of Colorado State Agricul-tural College, 1889-1891. Organized the Committee of Safety inOdessa, during anti-Jewish riots, 1881; organized the Society Am-01am, which sent about 400 persons to America, 1882; organizedThe United States Humane Society, in Denver, Colo., to liberatepolitical exiles from Siberia, 1890. Contributed articles on agricul-ture to periodicals in Russia; reports and articles on presentwork. Address: Woodbine, Cape May Co., N. J.

Sachs, Julius. Professor of Secondary Education, Teachers Col-lege, Columbia University; principal of Collegiate Institute, NewYork City. Born July 6, 1849, Baltimore, Md. Son of JosephSachs and Sophia Baer. Educated in a private school, New YorkCity; Columbia College (A. B., and A. M., 1867); Rostock, Germany(Ph.D., 1871). Married Rosa Goldman. Was President School-masters Association, New York; American Philological Associa-tion, 1891; Middle States Association of Colleges and SecondarySchools, 1898; Headmasters' Association of United States, 1899;New York Society of Archaeological Institute, 1900-1903; memberLatin Conference Committee (of Ten), 1893; Secondary SchoolRepresentative on College Entrance Examinations Board, 1900-1904. Has written articles on educational subjects in EducationalReview, and on philological and archaeological subjects in AnnualReports of American Philological Association; papers, reports,and presidential addresses. Address: 149 West 81st, New York.

Sale, Moses N. Judge Circuit Court, City of St. Louis, Mo.Born October 17, 1857, Louisville, Ky. Son of Isaac Sale andHenrietta Dinkelspiel. Educated in Louisville, Ky., publicschools, and graduate of Law Department of University of Louis-ville. Married Florence D. Rider. Address: St. Louis, Mo.

Salomon, Edward S. Lawyer. Born December 25, 1836, Schles-wig, Schleswig-Holstein. Son of Salomon M. Salomon and Caro-line Samuels. Educated in Schleswig high school. MarriedSophie Greenhut (deceased). Was alderman, Chicago, 1860;during the Civil War was lieutenant, captain, and major 24th


Illinois Infantry; lieutenant-colonel and colonel 82d Illinois In-fantry; promoted, 1865, to brigadier-general of Volunteers, " fordistinguished gallantry and meritorious services during the war."Elected county-clerk of Cook County, 111.; appointed Governor ofWashington Territory by President Grant, 1870; moved to SanFrancisco, and elected twice to Legislature; District Attorney ofSan Francisco. Has been Department Commander of Grand Armyof Republic; and for eight years commander-in-chief of Army andNavy Republican League. Address: Parrote Building, San Fran-cisco, Cal.

Sampson, Arthur Fichell. Physician and Surgeon. Born July1, 1855, Georgetown, S. C. Son of Joseph Sampson and EstherCohen. Educated in Indigo Society School and Academy, George-town, S. C; studied chemistry and medicine at Washington andLee University, Virginia; University of Virginia (M. D., 1878);pursued post-graduate courses at University of Pennsylvania, andNew York University, and studied under Dr. Simon Baruch.Married Barbetta Levy. Practiced medicine in Galveston, 1884-1901; in San Francisco, since 1901. Member of Board of MedicalExaminers for Eleventh District, Texas, for eight years; cityhealth physician of Galveston; plenary power conferred uponhim by Mayor and Adjutant General of State, during the trialsfollowing the Galveston hurricane, 1900. Removed to San Fran-cisco in 1901 on account of ill-health. Inventor of the SampsonUrethral Speculum. Has written monographs in medical journals.Address: 751 Sutter, San Francisco, Cal.

*Samuelson, Leo I. Second Lieutenant, 7th Regiment Infantry,United States Army. Born July 17, 1879, Illinois. Appointedcadet Military Academy, 1899; second lieutenant 2d RegimentInfantry, 1903; transferred to 7th Regiment Infantry, 1903; Ad-dress: War Department, Washington, D. C.

Sanders, Leon. Lawyer. Born May 25,1867, Odessa, Russia. Sonof Nathan Sanders. Educated in Odessa Gymnasium, New Yorkpublic schools, and under private tutors. Studied in New YorkLaw School. Clerk in banking house, bookkeeper, and 1890-1895,Commissioner of Jurors, New York City. Admitted to the bar,1895. Married Bertha Fischer, 1896. Tammany Hall leader inthe Twelfth Assembly District, and elected to legislature fromthat district, 1899-1902; refused re-nomination, 1902; elected 1904,for term of ten years, as justice of the Thirteenth District of theMunicipal Court of the City of New York. Address: 309 Broad-way, New York.


Schaikewitz (Shomer), Nahum Meyer. Writer. Born Decem-ber 25, 1849, Nesvizh, Minsk, Russia. Son of Isaac Schaikewitz andHodie Goldberg. Educated at home. Married Dinah Bercinsky.Was Hebrew teacher; business manager in Wilna, Russia; novel-ist; manager of and writer for a theatre in Odessa, Russia; editorand publisher of Der Menschenfreund and The Jewish Puck; con-tributor to Jewish dailies. Began literary career when twentyyears old; his first fifteen novels were written in Hebrew, andwere directed against the fanaticism prevalent in certain Russian-Jewish circles. Has written besides two hundred and five novelsin Yiddish, and fifty plays in Yiddish. Among his novels are: TheConvict; A Bloody Adieu; Alexander III; Between two Flames;Murder for Love; Last Jewish King; From the Throne to theGallows; The Bloody King; Jew and Duchess; A Spark of Juda-ism; The Bees about the Honey; The Iron Woman. Among hisplays are: The Repenter; Coquettish Woman; The Usurer; Ha-man the Second; The Jewish Immigrants; A Blow for a Blow;Spanish Inquisition; The Golden Land. Address: 54 East 63d,New York.

Schamberg, Jay Frank. Physician. Born November 6, 1870,Philadelphia, Pa. Son of Gustav Schamberg and Emma Frank.Educated in Philadelphia public schools; Central High School,Philadelphia (A. B., 1889); University of Pennsylvania (M. D.,1892); post-graduate work in hospitals of Vienna, Berlin, andParis. Professor of Dermatology and Eruptive Infectious Dis-eases in Philadelphia Poly clinic and College for Graduates inMedicine; assistant diagnostician to Bureau of Health of Philadel-phia; consulting physician to Municipal Hospital for InfectiousDiseases; fellow of College of Physicians of Philadelphia; mem-ber of American Dermatological Association. Has written num-erous articles in medical journals. Author: A Compendium ofDiseases of the Skin; (with Dr. William M. Welch) A Treatiseon Acute Contagious Diseases (in press). Address: 1636 Walnut,Philadelphia, Pa.

*Schechter, Solomon. Theologian, Author; President FacultyJewish Theological Seminary of America since 1902. Born 1849,Fokshan, Roumania. Son of Isaac Schechter. Educated at Uni-versities of Vienna and Berlin. Graduated as rabbi in Vienna.Specialized in theology and Semitics. A. M., and hon. Litt. D.,University of Cambridge. Married Matilda Roth. FormerlyReader in Rabbinics, University of Cambridge; professor Hebrew,University College, London. Travelled in Italy, Egypt, Palestine,and elsewhere; sent by University of Cambridge to examine thecontents of the Cairo Geniza; made many valuable discoveries


among the manuscripts there found, especially the original He-brew of Ecclesiasticus. Was curator of Oriental Languages andLiterature, University Library; member Oriental Board of Stu-dies, Board of Theology, and Board of Oriental Languages andLiterature, University of London. External Examiner at VictoriaUniversity, Manchester. Now member of Senate of New YorkUniversity; director of the Educational Alliance, New York.Editor: Aboth de Rabbi Nathan, 1887; (with S. Singer) Tal-mudic Fragments in the Bodleian Library (Tractates Kerithothand Berachoth), 1896; Saadyana, Geniza Fragments, 1903; Mid-rash Haggadol, 1903. Author: Studies in Judaism, 1896; (withC. Taylor) The Wisdom of Ben Sira, 1899; numerous articles inJewish Quarterly Review (especially series on Aspects of JewishTheology); addresses and lectures. Office: 531 West 123d, NewYork.

Schiff, Jacob Henry. Banker. Born January 10, 1847, Frank-fort on the Main, Germany. Son of Moses Schiff and Clara Nieder-hofheim. Educated in the schools of Frankfort on the Main. Mar-ried Therese Loeb. Address: 965 Fifth Av., New York City.

Schiff, Mortimer L. Banker. Born June 5, 1877, New YorkCity. Son of Jacob H. Schiff and Therese Loeb. Educated inprivate school, New York, Amherst College, Amherst, Mass.;Columbia University School of Political Science, New York.Married Adele G. Neustadt. Spent two years in railroad work inNew York and the West, and two years in Europe studying thebanking systems of England and Germany. Partner in firm ofKuhn, Loeb and Co., New York. Trustee of various charitableinstitutions and corporations. Residence: 932 Fifth Av. Office:52 William, New York.

Schloessinger, Max. Librarian and Instructor, Hebrew UnionCollege, Cincinnati, O. Born September 4, 1877, Heidelberg, Ger-many. Son of Jacob Schloessinger and Brunette Oppenheimer.Educated in Volksschule and Gymnasium, Heidelberg; Universityof Heidelberg; Israelitisch-Theologische Lehranstalt, Vienna;University of Berlin (Ph.D., 1901); and Lehranstalt fur dieWissenschaft des Judenthums, Berlin (Rabbi, 1903). Office editorJewish Encyclopedia, 1903-1904. Address: Hebrew Union Col-lege, Cincinnati, O.

Schoney, Lazarus. Physician. Born December 18, 1838, Buda-pest, Hungary. Son of Caspar Schoney and Golde Ehrentreu.Educated in Hebrew and Rabbinics at Prague, receiving the Rab-binical authorization from R. Solomon Rappaport; studied at


University of Prague, Austria (Ph.D., 1857); and medicine atUniversity of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa. (M. D., 1869). Mar-ried Theodosia Secor Fowler, M. D. Came to United States 1860;served as surgeon United States Army during Civil War, 1862-1865; for ten years professor Pathology and Clinical Microscopy,New York Eclectic Medical College. Fellow American Associa-tion for the Advancement of Science; New York Academy ofScience; member American Microscopic Society; New YorkMicroscopic Society; etc. Published researches in New Formationof Red Blood Corpuscles, in Waldeyer's Archiv fur mikroskopischeAnatomie, 1876; incorporated in Heitzman's Microscopical Mor-phology, and translated by Klein in London Royal MicroscopicalJournal, 1882. Address: St. James Court, Seventh Av. and 143d,New York.

Schottenfels, Sara X. Librarian of Maimonides Free Library,New York. Daughter of Julius Schottenfels and Minna Ambrunn.Has pursued special courses in the languages, in political economy,sociology, and literature. Engaged in library work since 1892, inpresent position since 1898. Reorganized the Maimonides FreeLibrary. Has published, A List of Jewish Periodicals contained inthe Maimonides Free Library; A List of Judaica in the Maimon-ides Free Library. Has written papers for societies and clubs onliterary subjects. Address: Maimonides Free Library, 58th andLexington Av., New York.

Schur, William. Dealer in Hebrew Books. Born October 27,1844, Outian, near Wilkomir, Russia. Son of Tobias Schur.Studied the Talmud until twenty years of age; attended Tal-mudical College at Kovno; studied theology at Berlin. MarriedFannie Gordon. Soon after arrival in America, published aHebrew weekly, Ha-Pisgah, 1890-1894, at New York and Baltimore,and 1897-1900, at Chicago. At age of thirty travelled for fiveyears in Asia, Africa, India, China, Philippine Islands, and neigh-boring islands. Published a description of his journeys in twobooks: Mahazot ha-Hayim, and Massat Shelomoh. Besides, hewrote the following novels: Massat Nafshah; Aflkomen ha-ganub;Ha-Nebiah Nilel Hilton; Ha-halikah el ha-Heder; Kapparat Avon;Va-yipol ba-Shahat; Ahar ha-Meridah ha-gedolah; and a histor-ical religious work, Nezah Yisrael. Address: 557 N. Wood, Chi-cago, 111.

*Seligman, Albert Joseph. Banker, Merchant. Born February24, 1859, New York City. Son of Jesse Seligman. Educated inNew York public schools. M. E., 1878, Rensselaer PolytechnicInstitute. Pursued post-graduate studies at Royal Berg-Aka-


demie, Freiberg, Saxony, 1878-1880; Royal School of Mines, Liege,Belgium, 1880-1881; since 1881, interested in mines near andresident of Helena, Mont. Member Territorial legislature, 1884-1885; chairman Republican State Committee, 1889-1890; chair-man Montana delegation, Minneapolis Convention, 1892; grandchancellor, Knights of Pythias of Montana, 1888-1890; exaltedruler Helena Lodge, No. 193, B. P. O. of Elks, 1897, 1898. LeftMontana to engage in banking and brokerage business in NewYork, firm of Seligman and Meyer, 1899. Residence: 66 West 52d.Office: 109 Exchange Court Building, New York.

Seligman, Edwin R. A. Professor of Political Economy andFinance, Columbia University, New York. Born April 25, 1862,New York City. Son of Joseph Seligman and Babette Steinhart.Educated by private tutor (Horatio Alger, Jr.) and in ColumbiaGrammar School; graduate Columbia University (A. B., 1879;Ph.D., 1884, and LL. B., 1884); pursued courses at University ofBerlin, Heidelberg, Geneva, and Paris. Married Caroline Beer.President Tenement House Building Company, New York; Amer-ican Economic Association; Ethical Culture Society, New York;secretary Committee of Fifteen, New York, 1901; member Com-mittee of Seventy; honorary member Russian Imperial Academyof Science; member American Statistical Association; (British)Royal Economic Society; Washington Academy of Science; PhiBeta Kappa Society; manager American Archaeological Associa-tion, and American Historical Association, and of Authors, City,National Arts, Sculptors, and Columbia Alumni Clubs. Chair-man Committee on Education, Educational Alliance, until 1902.Editor: Political Science Quarterly; and Series in History, Eco-nomics, and Public Law of Columbia University. Author: TwoChapters on the Mediaeval Guilds of England, 1887; RailwayTariffs and the International Commerce Law, 1887; Finance Sta-tistics of the American Commonwealth, 1889; The Shifting andIncidence of Taxation, 1892, 1901; Progressive Taxation in Theoryand Practice, 1894; Essays in Taxation, 1895, 1903; The Eco-nomic Interpretation of History, 1902. Several of these workshave been translated into French, Italian, and Japanese. Haswritten numerous articles in the periodical press. Address: 314West 86th, New York.

Seligman, Isaac Newton. Banker; head of the banking houseof J. and W. Seligman and Company, New York. Born July 10,1856, Staten Island, New York. Son of Joseph Seligman andBabette Steinhart. Educated in Columbia Grammar School.B. A., 1876, Columbia College. Married Guta Loeb. Member ofwinning crew in Saratoga boat races, 1874. Director in num-


erous railway companies; trustee Munich Fire Insurance Com-pany; United Hebrew Charities Building; Manhattan State Hos-pital (appointed by Governor Morton); Columbia UniversityMemorial Hall (appointed by President Low); Legal Aid Society;Orators Society; Symphony Society; Historical Society; Lawyers'Club; Midday Club, all of New York; Fairmount College, Wichita,Kan.; and American Academy of Political Science; trustee andtreasurer St. John's Guild, and City and Suburban Home Com-pany (Model Tenement Association), both of New York; trusteeand chairman Finance Committee City Club, New York; trusteeand vice-president People's Institute, New York; member Com-mittee National Conferences of Charities and Correction; Execu-tive Committee, Chamber of Commerce, New York; Indian FamineRelief Fund; Committee on State and Municipal Taxation ofChamber of Commerce, New York; Executive and Finance Com-mittees National Civic Federation; McKinley Memorial Com-mittee, for State of New York; Finance Committee RoumanianRelief Fund; Finance Committee Canal Association of GreaterNew York; Executive Committee of One Hundred, New York;Executive Committee of Citizens Union, New York, and chairmanof its Finance Committee, 1901, and treasurer, 1903; ExecutiveCommittee on Playgrounds; Executive Committee Economic Asso-ciation; National Arts Club; Lotos Club; City Club; and SoundMoney League, all of New York. Appointed by General HoracePorter chief of staff at President McKinley's Inaugural; treasurerCarl Schurz Endowment Fund; director General Grant TombCommittee; vice-president Admiral Perry Relief Fund, Japan;chairman Chamber of Commerce Committee on Commercial Edu-cation; appointed by Mayor Low on Committee for Receptionof Prince Henry of Prussia. Residence: 36 West 54th. Office:Mills Building, New York.

*Seligman, Jefferson. Banker. Born November 26, 1858. Sonof James Seligman and Rosa Content. Preparatory education inColumbia Grammar School. Graduate Columbia University, 1878.Studied medicine in Germany, but did not practice, becomingmember of the banking firm of J. and W. Seligman and Company.Residence: 11 East 69th. Office: 21 Broad, New York.

Seligsohn, Max. Office Editor Jewish Encyclopedia. BornApril 13, 1865, Russia. Son of Seelig Seligsohn. Educated atSlutzk, Russia; New York, and Paris. Is elSve diplome del'Ecole des Langues Orientales, Paris, 1896; Sieve diplomede 1'Ecoles des Hautes-Etudes, Paris, 1900. Came to New York,1888, and studied modern languages; left for Paris, 1894, andstudied Semitic languages, Sanskrit, Persian, and Turkish. Sent


by Alliance Israelite Universelle to Abyssinia, 1898, to seek outthe Falashas, but was unable to go further than Cairo; schoolmaster in Cairo for eighteen months. Called to New York ascontributor to the Jewish Encyclopedia, 1902. Author: Le Diwande Tarafah ibn Al-Abd, 1900; Kitab Ibn Al-Raml, with preface andnotes; Salaman u-Absal, a diwan of the Persian poet Jami, trans-lated into English, with notes and preface (unpublished); Unenouvelle chronique samaritaine (in collaboration with E. N.Adler), 1903. Contributor to Jewish Quarterly Review and Revuedes Etudes Juives, on Judaso-Persian literature. Paris correspond-ent Jewish Comment for one year and a half. Address: 54 East98th, New York.

Selikovitsch, George (Goetzel). Editor Jewish Daily News;Editor-in-Chief Jewish Gazette, New York City. Born 1863, Retovo,Kovno, Russia. Son of Rabbi David Selikovitsch and RachelSundelevitz. Educated at the Talmudical Colleges of Karlin, Mir,and Tauroggen. Studied at the Department of Semitic Languagesand Egyptology, Ecole des Hautes-Etudes, Paris (diploma, 1884).Married Bertha Berman. Was attache to the Biblioth&que Na-tionale at Paris; head interpreter to Lord Wolseley for the Arabicand Nubian dialects during the British expedition to relieveGeneral Gordon from the Soudanese at Khartoum, 1885; lectured,1887, on Hieroglyphics and Egyptology, University of Pennsyl-vania, and Franklin Institute, Philadelphia; literary editor ofthe Ha-Melitz and Ha-Magid for three years; member of Ath§n6eOriental, Paris. Author: Le SchSol des Hebreux, la divisionmystique du temps chez les Semites et les Egyptiens, 1881-1882;Dawn of Egyptian Civilization, 1887; also several Yiddish novels.Contributed numerous articles, poems, and dissertations to He-brew and English periodicals and to L'Univers and L'lntransi-geant. Address: 185 East Broadway, New York.

Shlesinger, Slgmund. Merchant. Born December 29, 1848,Hungary. Son of Emanuel Shlesinger and Lena Kulka. Edu-cated in Hungary. Married Fannie Flesheim. Member ofCol. George A. Forsyth's Company of Scouts; participated in battlewith Indians on Beecher's Island, Colo., September 17, 1868. Ad-dress: 105 St. Clair, Cleveland, O.

Shomer, Nahum Meyer. See Schaikewitz.

*Siegel, Henry. Merchant. Born March 17, 1852, Eubigheim,Germany. Son of Lazarus Siegel and Zerlina Koch. Educatedin Germany. Married Julia Rosenbaum (deceased); re-married,Marie Vaughn Wilde. Came to United States, 1867. First busi-


ness experience gained in Washington, D. C, Parkersburg, W. Va.,and Laurenceburg, Pa. Established firm of Siegel, Hartsfield, andCompany, 1876; department store of Siegel, Cooper, and Company,1886, both of Chicago, 111.; Siegel, Cooper, and Company, 1896,New York. Purchased Simpson-Crawford Company, New York,and Schlesinger and Mayer Company, Chicago, 1902. Controlsfive large department stores; director in several banks, street rail-ways, and various corporations. Fellow Geographical Society.Residences: 26 East 82d, New York, and Driftwood, Mamaroneck,Westchester Co., N. Y. Address: care Simpson-Crawford Com-pany, New York.

Silberberg, Max. State Senator, representing the First Dis-trict of Ohio in the Seventy-sixth General Assembly. Born Sep-tember 21, 1843, Bromberg, Prussia. Son of Moses Nathan Silber-berg and Pauline Pulvermacher. Educated at the BrombergGymnasium. Married Dora Feder. Emigrated to America, 1859.Member from Hamilton County to the Seventy-fifth General As-sembly, State of Ohio; past commander August Willich Post No.195, G. A. R. of Cincinnati; was chairman National LegislativeCommittee, and now vice-president, Credit Men's Association;president Business Men's Building and Loan Association; vice-president Ohio Valley Building and Loan Company; presidentQueen City Telephone Company of Cincinnati; chairman OhioLegislative Committee of the Credit Men's Association. Whilemember of the House of Representatives of Ohio served on Stand-ing Committee on Manufacturing and Commerce (chairman);on Federal Relations; and on Public Highways. As member ofthe Senate served on Standing Committee on Finance; on Insur-ance; on Manufacturing and Commerce; on Military Affairs; onMedical College; on Privilege and Election; on Public Works; onSoldiers and Sailors Home (chairman); and on Labor. Address:30 and 32 W. 3d, Cincinnati, O.

Silberstein, Solomon (Sholem) Joseph. Writer. Born March10, 1845, Kovno, Russia. Son of Rabbi Aaron Silberstein andZibhya Sandier, and grandson of the Cabbalist Naphtali Herz.Educated privately. At the age of nineteen had received the Rab-binical authorization from a number of Rabbis in the provincesof Kovno and Wilna. Rabbi in Dershunisok, Kovno, 1867-1868.Elaborated a system of philosophy based upon the Mosaic and alarge part of the Talmudical and Rabbinical Law as a naturaltheology. Author: Gelui Enayim (poems), 1881; Ha-Dat ve-ha-Torat, 1887; Meziut Yehovah ve-ha-Olam, 1893; The Universe andits Evolution, 1891; General Laws of Nature, 1894; The Dis-closures of the Universal Mysteries, 1896; The Jewish Problem


and Theology in General, 1904. Address: 1834 Lexington Av.,New York.

Silverstein, Albert. Physician and Surgeon. Born April 18,1875, Syracuse, N. Y. Son of Solomon Silverstein and EstherShevelson. Educated in Syracuse public schools, and DenverHigh School. B. A., 1897, Yale University; M. D., 1900, GrossMedical College, Denver, Colo. Professor Physiology, DentalDepartment University of Denver; assistant professor OrthopaedicSurgery, Denver and Gross College of Medicine; attending ortho-paedic surgeon, Mercy Hospital, Denver; professor Anatomy MercyHospital Training School for Nurses. Served in medical depart-ment United States Army, 1898-1899, in the Philippines, duringSpanish American War, and during the Filipino Insurrection.Address: 316 Mack Block, Denver, Colo.

Simon, Joseph. Lawyer. Born February 7, 1851, Bechtheim,Hessen Darmstadt, Germany. Son of David Simon and EliseLeopold. Educated in Portland, Ore., public schools. Came toOregon, 1857, and has since resided in Portland; entered lawoffice of Mitchell and Dolph, 1870; admitted to bar, 1872, andengaged in law practice since; member firm of Dolph, Mallory,Simon, and Gearin. Elected member City Council of Portland,1877, and served term of three years; appointed secretary Repub-lican State Central Committee of Oregon, 1873; elected chairmanof the same committee, 1880, 1884, and 1886; elected five times,covering a period of twenty years, to represent MultnomahCounty (including the city of Portland) in the Oregon StateSenate; elected president of the Senate in five different sessions,and presided over the deliberations of the Senate and joint con-ventions of the two houses; delegate to the Republican NationalConvention at Minneapolis, 1892; at Philadelphia, 1900; memberRepublican National Committee, 1892-1896; was member andpresident Police Commission, City of Portland; elected to UnitedStates Senate in 1898, to fill a vacancy for term ending 1903;serving during the second session of the Fifty-fifth Congress, andin the Fifty-sixth and the Fifty-seventh Congress. Has been activein Masonry; past master of his lodge and past high priest of hischapter; honorary inspector general 33d degree A. A. S. R.Address: Portland, Ore.

Singer, Isidor. Managing Editor Jewish Encyclopedia. BornNovember 10, 1859, Weisskirchen, Moravia, Austria. Son ofJoseph Singer and Charlotte Eisler. Educated in Gymnasia ofUngarisch-Hradisch, Kremsier, and Troppau, and studied at Uni-versity of Berlin and University of Vienna (Ph.D., 1884). Went


to Paris, 1887, as literary secretary to Count Foucher de Careil,former French ambassador at Vienna; came to New York, 1895,to execute the project of a Jewish Encyclopedia, of which sevenvolumes have appeared. President Justice Lodge, IndependentOrder B'nai B'rith, 1903. Was editor of Allgemeine Oesterreich-ische Literaturzeitung; La Vraie Parole; and Bureau de la Presse.Author: Berlin, Wien, und der Antisemitismus, 1882; Presse undJudenthum, 2d ed., 1882; Sollen die Juden Christen werden? 2ded., 1884; Briefe beruhmter christlicher Zeitgenossen iiber dieJudenfrage, 1885; Die beiden Elektren—humanistische Bildungund der klassische Unterricht, 1884; Auf dem Grabe meinerMutter (translated into Hebrew by Dr. Solomon Fuchs), 1888;Le prestige de la France en Europe, 1889; La question juive,1893; Anarchie et Antisemitisme, 1894; Der Juden Kampf urnsRecht, 1902; Russia at the Bar of the American People, 1904.Translated from French into German: Foucher de Careil's Hegelet Schopenhauer, 1889; Zadoc Kahn, L'esclavage selon la Bibleet le Talmud, 1888, and other writings by Boulanger, BarthelemySaint-Hilaire, and Edouard Lockroy. Address: care Funk andWagnalls Company, 44-60 East 23d, New York.

Singer, Jacob. Lawyer. Born October 22, 1860, Staunton, Va.Son of Abraham Singer and Regina Gutman. Educated at Phila-delphia public schools; B. A., 1877, Central High School, Phila-delphia; LL. B., 1881, University of Pennsylvania. Married LeaMarguerite Frank. Register of wills, County of Philadelphia,1901-1904; member Court of Appeals Independent Order B'naiB'rith, since 1890; was president District Grand Lodge No. 3 forfour years; representative to Constitution Grand Lodge at Rich-mond, 1890; Cincinnati, 1895; Chicago, 1900; New Orleans, 1905;is vice-president Associated Alumni Central High School, andvice-president Philadelphia Branch Jewish Theological Seminaryof America, and formerly trustee of the Seminary; directorCongregation Adath Jeshurun and of B'nai B'rith Manual Train-ing School. Made many public addresses in political campaignsof the Republican party, national and State, and at Jewish edu-cational and communal affairs. Preparing for publication opin-ions delivered by him in probate cases tried in his court whileRegister. Office: S. E. corner Thirteenth and Chestnut. Resi-dence: 4108 Parkside Av., Philadelphia, Pa.

Sobel, Isador. Postmaster, Erie, Pa. Born August 28, 1858,New York City. Son of Semel Sobel and Cecelia King. Educatedin New York public schools, College City of New York, and ErieHigh School. Married Emma Auerhaim. Admitted to Erie bar,1888. Elected to Erie City Councils, 1891; re-elected, 1893; presi-


dent Councils, 1894; secretary Republican County Committee,1889-1891; chairman, 1893-1896; vice-president Republican Leagueof Pennsylvania, 1894-1895; president, 1896-1897; presidentialelector, 1896; appointed postmaster by President McKinley, 1898;re-appointed by President Roosevelt, 1902. Republican candidatefor mayor, 1895; president Anshei Chesed Congregation, 1900-1902. Address: 540 West 10th, Erie, Pa.

Solis, Isaac Nathan (da Silva). Lawyer and Banker. BornPhiladelphia, Pa. Son of David Hays da Silva Solis and ElviraNathan. Educated in Philadelphia private and public schools.A. B., 1876, Central High School, Philadelphia; studied law inoffice of Judge F. Carroll Brewster. Married Marcia M. Morgan,1881. Admitted to the bar, 1879; became associated with bankinghouse of Dick Brothers and Company, 1894. Has been connectedwith the Republican party in several Presidential campaigns as" spell-binder." Wrote articles on political and financial topicsfor editorial columns of newspapers or over a pen-name. Ad-dress: 2211 Walnut, Philadelphia, Pa.

Solomon, Jacob P. Editor of The Hebrew Standard; Attorney-at-law. Born May 22, 1838, Manchester, England. Son of PhillipSolomon and Catherine Hart. Educated in Manchester Jews FreeSchool; studied in Franklin College, Franklin, Ind.; Notre DameUniversity, Notre Dame, Ind.; LL. D., 1864, Columbia College,New York. Married Frances Stich. Grand Saar, Kesher ShelBarzel; past master, past high priest, junior grand deacon, com-mander and thirty-third degree Masonic; past grand, past dis-trict deputy, past grand conductor, Independent Order Odd Fel-lows; past chancellor commander, past grand chancellor com-mander, Knights of Pythias; past grand secretary, Order RoyalMaccabees. Editor: News, Columbus, Ind.; Democrat, Franklin,Ind.; Jewish Record, New York; Hebrew Leader, New York; He-brew Standard, New York. Author: Chronicles of the Rabbis;Chips from Masonic Quarries; The Modern Wandering Jew. Ad-dress: care Hebrew Standard, 87 Nassau, New York.

Solomons, Adolphus S. Honorary Trustee and General Agentof the Baron de Hirsch Fund. Born October 26, 1826, New York.Son of John Solomons and Julia Levy. Educated at the Univer-sity of the State of New York. Married Rachel Seixas Phillips(deceased). Appointed, 1851, by Secretary of State Daniel Webster" special bearer of dispatches to Berlin "; with others gave, 1857, aball at Niblo's Garden, New York, and donated the amount realizedas the nucleus of a fund to establish a " Jews' Hospital in NewYork," now Mount Sinai Hospital; elected to the first legislature


of Washington, D. C, and was chairman Committee of Ways andMeans which projected and began the improvement of Washing-ton; as a representative of the Alliance Israelite Universelle,moved, at a public meeting, the establishment in New York ofthe Monteflore Home for Chronic Invalids to mark the hundredthanniversary of Sir Moses Monteflore; acting president JewishTheological Seminary of America at the time of its re-organiza-tion, 1902; charter member of the New York Protectory for Jew-ish Children; member Central Committee Alliance Israelite Uni-verselle, and its treasurer for the United States; charter memberand for seventeen years member National Association of the RedCross, and at one time its vice-president; appointed by PresidentArthur to represent the United States at International ConventionRed Cross Societies, Geneva, Switzerland, 1881; elected vice-presi-dent of the Convention. Has been for over twenty years directorGovernment Columbia Hospital and Lying-in Asylum; is a chartermember of Garfleld Memorial Hospital, and of Providence Hos-pital, Washington, and acting president of Providential AidSociety, and of Charities of the District of Columbia. FounderNight Lodging House Association of the District of Columbia, andnow its president; vice-president of The Sanitary Aid Society ofNew York; vice-president New Era Club, New York; and treas-urer Columbia Street Sewing and Religious Classes, New York.Address: 1205 K, Washington, D. C.

Solomons, Aline Esther. Artist. Born New York. Daughterof Adolphus S. Solomons and Rachel Seixas Phillips. Educatedin Washington private schools and at Art Students League.Founder and secretary, for over ten years, Washington ArtStudents League; vice-president Washington Water Color Club.Painter of still-life and portraits. Works: Portraits of A. S. Solo-mons, Baron and Baroness de Hirsch, James H. Hoffman, MissSolomons, etc. Exhibits annually in Washington Society ofArtists and Washington Water Color Club. Residence: 1205 K.Studio: 808 17th, Washington, D. C.

Sonneschein, Rosa. Journalist. Born March 12, 1847, Pross-nitz, Moravia, Austria. Daughter of Oberrabiner Hirsch B. Fassel(decorated by three emperors for his literary works) and FannieSternfeld. Graduate Nagy-Kanissa, Hungary, high school. Waspublisher and editor The American Jewess; correspondent forGerman, American, and English periodicals and newspapers; rep-resentative of various newspapers at the Chicago, Paris, andSt. Louis Expositions. Writer of short stories. Came to America,1869. Address: 4910 Washington Block, St. Louis, Mo.


Sossnitz, Joseph (Jehuda) Loeb. Lecturer on Jewish Ethics,Educational Alliance, New York, since 1899. Born September 17,1837, Birzi, Kovno, Russia. Son of Yehiel Michel Sossnitz andTony Zive. Studied until thirteen years of age in Cheder; self-taught later. Married Freida Luria. Superintendent JewishAsylum, Riga, 1887; in charge of scientific and Cabbalistic sub-jects in the Jewish Encyclopedia, Ha-Eshkol, Warsaw, 1888; cameto America in 1891; founder, 1893, and principal, until 1897,Uptown Talmud Torah, New York. Author: Ahen Yesh Adonai;Ha-Shemesh; Ha-Maor; Sehok Ha-Shach; Ewiger Kalender (Ger-man and Hebrew); (unpublished) On Mathematics; On Physics;On three Branches of Astronomy; On the Earth's Meteorology,etc. Address: 1526 Washington Av., Bronx, New York.

Spachner, Bertha Kalisch. Leading Lady and Part Owner ofthe Thalia and Grand Theatres. Born May 17, 1874, Lemberg,Austria. Daughter of Salomon Kalisch and Babette Halber. Edu-cated at Lemberg, Austria. Graduate Lemberg Conservatory ofMusic. Married Leopold Spachner. Acted at Polish Theatre,Lemberg; National Theatre and Stadt Theatre, Bucharest. Cameto New York, 1894, and has since been leading lady and partowner New York Jewish Theatres. Played the title role inHamlet at Thalia Theatre, 1901; has produced Fedora; Magda;Sapho; Kreutzer Sonata; Romeo and Juliet; Zaza; Resurrec-tion; Mme. Sans Gene; Monna Vanna; Gorki's Mischanic; Nacht-asyl. Has given interviews to New York newspapers on theatres,the drama, and the art of make-up. Address: 242 East 72d, NewYork.

Speaker, Henry M. Principal of Gratz College, Philadelphia,and Instructor in Jewish Literature since 1897. Born April 6,1868, Wisoko, Lithuania, Russia. Son of Elhanan Speaker andMiriam Lewisohn. Educated in Russian Rabbinical academies;studied in Swintzyani Talmudical College under Rabbi Isaac J.Reiness; Jewish Theological Seminary of America (Rabbi, 1896);studied at the New York Law School. 1894-1897; for three yearsin Columbia University, and one year in University of Pennsyl-vania, pursued courses in philosophy, literature, and Semitics.Married Sarah R. Ginsburg Came to America, 1887. Instructorin Bible and Talmud, Jewish Theological Seminary of America,1892-1897; chaplain to Sing Sing Prison, 1895-1898. First presidentAlumni Jewish Theological Seminary, 1901-1904; member localJewish Board of Ministers during his residence in New York.Wrote articles and monographs on Jewish subjects for The Amer-ican Hebrew, Jewish Comment, Jewish Exponent, and The Macca-beean. Talmudic contributions to the Jewish Encyclopedia (vol.II) . Address: Gratz College, 117 North 7th, Philadelphia, Pa.


Speyer, James Joseph. Banker; senior member firm of Speyerand Company. Born July 22, 1861, New York City. Son ofGustavus Speyer and Sophie Rubino. Educated at Frankfort onthe Main. Married Ellen Prince (Mrs. John A. Lowery). TrusteeMutual Life Insurance Company; Union Trust Company; GirardTrust Company, Philadelphia; Bank of the Manhattan Company;Central Trust Company; German Savings Bank; North Britishand Mercantile Insurance Company. Director Southern PacificCompany; General Chemical Company; Baltimore and Ohio Rail-road Company; Lackawanna Steel Company; Pacific Mail Steam-ship Company. Trustee Mount Sinai Hospital; Teachers College;Hospital Saturday and Sunday Association; Charity OrganizationSociety; Isabella Heimath; trustee and treasurer, University Set-tlement Society; Provident Loan Society. Interested in philan-thropic and educational movements. Member Chamber of Com-merce. Treasurer German American Reform Union, 1892. Mem-ber Executive Committee of Seventy, New York, 1895; served asschool commissioner under Mayor Strong's administration. Ad-dress: 257 Madison Av., New York; or Waldheim, Scarborough-on-the-Hudson, New York.

Spicker, Max. Musical Director Temple Emanu-El; Superin-tendent Department of Theory, National Conservatory of Music,New York. Born August 16, 1858, Konigsberg, Prussia. Son ofMichaelis Spicker and Flora Rosenthal. Studied in Royal Con-servatory, Leipzig, under Professor E. F. Richter, S. Jadassohn,Professor O. Paul, Carl Reinecke, and Professor E. F. Wenzel.Married Isabel Sternthal. Was conductor of opera at Heidelberg,Cologne, Ghent (Royal Opera), Aix-la-Chapelle, Potsdam (RoyalTheatre), and Hamburg. Called to conduct Beethoven Manner-chor, New York, 1883; conducted with Anton Seidl, the orchestralconcerts at Brighton Beach, 1889-1890. Made extended concerttour as pianist with the violinist Miska Hauser, 1878, throughGermany and Russia. Author: Anthology of Oratorio (4 vols.);Anthology of Opera (5 vols.); The Masterpieces of Vocalization(23 vols.); The Synagogal Service (with William Sparger, 2vols.); choral works, songs, anthems, and music for the JewishTemple. Address: 1361 Madison Av., New York.

Spiegel, Frederick S. Judge of Court of Common Pleas, FirstJudicial District of Ohio, Cincinnati, 0. Born November 20, 1857,Hovestadt, Westphalia, Prussia. Son of Solomon Spiegel andRosalie Herzberg. Educated in Gymnasium, Paderborn, Prussia,and Southern Institute, Gadsden, Ala. LL. B., Law School ofCincinnati College. Married Minnie Steinberg. Was chief of theBureau of Statistics, State of Ohio; counsel County of Hamilton,


O.; for a long time member Cincinnati Board of Education; waspresident District No. 2, Independent Order B'nai B'rith, chair-man of its District Court, and at present member Supreme Courtof the Order. Has written numerous legal essays, and is engagedin translating and annotating, by comparison with English andFrench law, the new German Civil Code, which went into forceJanuary, 1900. Address: 2302 Kemper Lane, Walnut Hills, Cin-cinnati, O.

Spivak, Charles D. (Hayem David Spivakovsky). Physician.Born December 25, 1861, Krementshug, Poltava, Russia. Son ofSamuel David Spivakovsky and Deborah Adel Dorfman. Hebreweducation in the Cheder and with his father. Self-taught in secularbranches. Studied medicine at Jefferson Medical College, Phila-delphia (M. D., 1890). Post-graduate courses at University ofBerlin, 1891-1892. Married Jennie (Gittel) Charsky. Member inRussia of the (Nihilist) Socialist party; had to flee to escapeexile to Siberia. Member in Lemberg of the Am-Olam Society,composed of Russian students and professional men whose aimit was to become agriculturists in America. Came to America,1882; worked at loading and unloading freight in railroad yards,at paving Fifth Avenue, New York, in wool and cotton mills inMaine, as type-setter on Jewish Messenger, and as farmer in Alli-ance, N. J., 1882-1885; taught at Alliance, N. J., under EmigrantAid Society, and in Philadelphia for Hebrew Education Society,1886-1890. Organizer, temporary president, and first vice-presi-dent Jewish Alliance of America, Philadelphia, 1891-1892. Chiefof Clinic Diseases of the Stomach and Intestines, PhiladelphiaPolyclinic, 1895; associate professor Medicine, Denver University,Medical Department, 1896-1901; professor of Anatomy, 1897-1898;clinical professor of Medicine, Denver and Gross College of Medi-cine, 1902; chief of Clinical Laboratory since 1900. SecretaryDenver and Arapahoe County Medical Society, 1897; presidentColorado Medical Library Association, 1901, and secretary since1902; librarian Denver Academy of Medicine. Member of a num-ber of medical societies. Organizer and secretary Jewish Con-sumptives' Relief Society, 1904. Editor Medical Libraries, 1898-1902. Has written for Voschod, St. Petersburg, Ha-Melitz, Ameri-can Hebrew, Jewish Exponent, and various Yiddish journals inNew York. Contributor, chiefly on Gastro-Enterology, to variousmedical journals. Address: 1421 Court PL, Denver, Colo.

Steckler, Alfred. Lawyer. Born December 18, 1856, NewYork City. Educated in New York public schools. GraduateColumbia Law School, 1877. Nominated as Judge of the FourthDistrict Court as an independent candidate; elected, and served


from 1881 to 1893. Abolished dispossess bureau; inaugurated re-form in district courts in manner of drawing juries where partiesdemanded jury trial; and in many ways considered the needsof the foreign populations on the Lower East Side. Ran as anindependent candidate for Justice of the Supreme Court of NewYork County, 1895; appointed to fill vacancy left by the death ofJustice McAdam of the Supreme Court in the First Judicial Dis-trict. Identified with a large number of charitable and fraternalorganizations in New York. Address: 170 Broadway, New York.

Stein, Modest. Illustrator. Born February 13, 1871, Kovno,Russia. Son of Lazar Stein and Rosalia Lewinson. Educated inKovno Classic Gymnasium. Spent a short time in Paris. Cameto United States, 1888. Married Marcia Mishkin. Was connectedwith the New York Press, 1891; New York Herald; PhiladelphiaNorth American; and is now connected with The New YorkWorld. Address: 152 West 64th, New York.

Stein, Philip. Judge Appellate Court, First District of Illinois,Chicago. Born March 12, 1844, Steele, Rhenish Prussia. Sonof Israel Stein and Rosetta Kappel. Studied in Germany and atMilwaukee public and high schools; University of Wisconsin(B. A. and M. A., 1868); and for two years at Universities ofHeidelberg, Bonn, and Berlin. Married Emma Stein. Electedjudge Superior Court Cook County, 111., 1892; re-elected, 1898;appointed to Appellate Court, 1903. Settled in Chicago imme-diately after admission to Milwaukee bar, 1868; has taken activeinterest in charitable and educational matters. Address: 4340Grand Boulevard, Chicago, 111.

Steinbach, Lewis W. Born June 4, 1851, Vysoka, Bohemia.Son of Simon Steinbach and Rosalie Weisskopf. Educated atPribram and Prague, Bohemia, and in Philadelphia. M. D.,Jefferson Medical College. Married Johanna Rosenbaum. Pro-fessor Surgery Philadelphia Polyclinic and College for Graduatesin Medicine; consulting surgeon Philadelphia Hospital and Jew-ish Hospital of Philadelphia. Address: 1309 North Broad, Phila-delphia, Pa.

Stern, Heinrich. Physician; Director Institute for MedicalDiagnosis and Research in the City of New York. Born January28, 1868, Frankfort on the Main, Germany. Son of Leopold Sternand Bertha Bendheim. Educated at the Philanthropin, Frank-fort. M. D., 1889, St. Louis College of Physicians and Surgeons.Married Selma Hellenberg. Was professor Diseases of Meta-bolism, College of Physicians and Surgeons, St. Louis; now pro-


fessor Internal Medicine New York School of Clinical Medicine;consulting physician Red Cross and St. Elizabeth Hospital, NewYork; visiting physician Metropolitan Hospital and West SideGerman Dispensary, New York. Gold medallist of the MedicalSociety of the County of New York. Author: Die Gottesidee,1888; Angewandte Physiologie, 1888; Die Zersetzung animalischerMaterie, 1889; Der Untergang Israels, 1894; The Urine, 1897;Recent Studies in Urinology, 1898; Auto-intoxication and itsTreatment, 1904. Has written numerous essays on clinical, chem-ical, physical, and philosophical topics. Address: 56 East 76th,New York.

Stern, Leon. Architect. Born April 9, 1867, Rochester, N. Y.Son of Abram Stern and Caroline Stern. Educated in Rochesterpublic schools. B. S., Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. MemberState Board of Building Commissioners under Governor Flower,to make uniform building laws for State of New York. MemberAmerican Institute of Architects. Works: Chamber of Com-merce Building; Berith Kodesh Temple; State Industrial School;Bausch and Lomb Optical Company Buildings, Rochester. Resi-dence: 7 Hyde Park. Office: 1017 Chamber of Commerce Build-ing, Rochester, N. Y.

Stern, Louis. Merchant. Born February 22, 1847, Germany.Son of Meyer A. Stern and Sophia Rosenstock. Educated inAlbany public schools and academy. Married Lisette Strupp.President Republican Club; Hebrew Benevolent and Orphan Asy-lum Society; Albany Society; Library Square Realty Company,all of New York. Was United States commissioner, Paris Expo-sition, 1900; chairman Executive Committee New York StateCommission, St. Louis Exposition, 1904; Republican candidate forPresident Borough of Manhattan, New York, 1897. Director ofLincoln Trust Company; Mutual Alliance Trust Company; NewAmsterdam National Bank; Madison Safe Deposit Company; NewAmsterdam Safe Deposit Company; Casein Company of America.Address: 993 Fifth Av., New York.

Stern, Samuel R. Lawyer. Born July 7, 1855, Syracuse, N. Y.Son of Abraham Stern. Educated in Syracuse common and highschools. Married Libbia Wile. Appointed first assistant districtattorney of Onondaga County, N. Y., when first admitted to bar.Was president Washington State Bar Association. Contributedto the New York Sun, Harper's Monthly, Judge, and other period-icals. Address: Spokane, Washington.

*Sterner, Albert Edward. Artist. Born March 8, 1863, London,England. Educated in King Edward's School, Birmingham.


Pursued studies at Julien's Academy and Ecole des Beaux Arts,Paris. Married July 17, 1894. Came to United States, 1881; wasartist, scene painter, and lithographer, in Chicago, 1881-1885;opened studio in New York, 1885; received honorable mention foroil painting, The Bachelor, at Paris Salon, Champs Elysees.Bronze medal, Paris Exposition, 1900. Illustrator of George W.Curtis's Prue and I; Coppee's Tales, 1891; Poe's Works, 1894;Eleanor, by Mrs. Humphry Ward, 1900; illustrator for Harper'sCentury, and Scribner's. Member American Water Color Society.Residence: Nutley, N. J.

Stolper, J. H. General Superintendent Sanitary Department ofAtchison, Topeka, and Santa F6, and of Gulf, Colorado, and SantaFe Railroad. Born 1871, Bordeaux, France. Author of a numberof pamphlets. Address: Galveston, Texas.

Stone, Nahum I. Manufacturer. Born July 29, 1873, Odessa,Russia. Son of Isaac Stone and Rose Leviash. Graduate, 1891, ofImperial Gymnasium, Odessa; studied at Armour Institute ofTechnology, Chicago. M. A., 1901, Columbia University, NewYork. Married Bertha Esther Levinson. Editor of The People,1899; statistician Bureau of Economic Research, New York, 1899-1900; editor Department of Countries, New International Encyclo-paedia, 1900-1902. Author: Capitalism on Trial in Russia; Eco-nomic Resources of Siberia; A Study of Agricultural Statistics ofthe United States; A Critical Study of the American Census(agriculture); Special Report for the Industrial Commission onSpeculation and Prices of Wheat and Cotton; Political Conditionsin Russia; etc. Address: 1570 Washington Av., New York.

Straus, Isidor. Merchant. Born February 6, 1845, Rhenish,Bavaria. Son of Lazarus Straus. Educated in CollingsworthInstitute, Talbotton, Ga., and prepared to enter military academyat West Point, which breaking out of Civil War prevented. Mar-ried Ida Blun. Came to America with family, 1854, and settledin Talbotton, Ga. Prevented from entering Confederate Armywhen sixteen years old by lack of arms in Georgia; went to Eng-land for importing company organized to build ships for blockade-running purposes, 1863. Removed from Georgia to New York,1865, where firm of L. Straus and Sons was organized; enteredfirm of R. H. Macy and Company with brother, 1888, and becamepartner in Brooklyn dry goods firm of Abraham and Straus, 1892.Consulted by the Democratic leaders in the campaign of 1892,which resulted in election of President Cleveland; went to Wash-ington in 1893 to urge the President to avert a panic by takingsteps to repeal the Sherman Act, and the President issued the

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same afternoon the proclamation convening Congress in specialsession, which resolved its repeal. Was member of Fifty-thirdCongress, and declined re-election. Supported the Committee onWays and Means which was considering the Tariff Bill. Presi-dent Educational Alliance; vice-president Chamber of Commerce;member Board of Trade; vice-president J. Hood Wright MemorialHospital, all of New York. Director of several banks and finan-cial institutions, and connected with a number of institutions ofscience, art, education, and philanthropy. Address: Broadwayand 34th, New York City.

Straus, Nathan. Merchant. Born January 31, 1848, RhenishBavaria. Son of Lazarus Straus. Attended school at Talbotton,Ga., whither he had come with his family, 1854. Removed toNew York; with father and brothers established firm of LazarusStraus and Sons, importers of pottery and glassware. MarriedLina Gutherz. Since 1888 partner in R. H. Macy & Co.'s store,New York, and since 1892, in Abraham and Straus's store, Brook-lyn, N. Y. Appointed Park Commissioner; in 1894, Democraticnominee for mayor (declined); in 1898 president Board of Health,New York City (resigned after a few months' service). Origi-nated, in 1890, and maintains depots for the sale and distributionof sterilized milk among the poor; also depots for distribution ofcoal in winter. Has presented sterilized milk plants to Phila-delphia and St. Louis. Is largely interested in charitable under-takings. Also interested in sports. Address: Broadway and 34th,New York.

Straus, Oscar S. Member Permanent Court of Arbitration atthe Hague, appointed in place of President Harrison, deceased.Born December 23, 1850, Otterberg, Rhenish Bavaria. Son ofLazarus Straus. Educated in Georgia. A. B., 1871; A.M., 1873,and LL. B., 1873, Columbia University; L. H. D., 1896, BrownUniversity; LL. D., 1897, Washington and Lee University; LL. D.,1898, Pennsylvania University. Married Sarah Lavanburg. Envoyextraordinary and minister plenipotentiary to Turkey, 1887-1890,1897-1900. President National Primary League, 1895; AmericanSocial Science Association, 1899-1903; and National Conference ofCapital and Labor, 1901; first president, until 1898, AmericanJewish Historical Society; vice-president National Civic Federa-tion. Was member Indian Commission appointed by PresidentRoosevelt as Governor State of New York; of Commission toInvestigate New York City Public Schools; and of Commission toInvestigate Pauper Insane Institutions. Author: The Origin ofRepublican Form of Government in the United States, 1885;Roger Williams, the Pioneer of Religious Liberty, 1894; The


Development of Religious Liberty in the United States, 1896;Reform in the Consular Service, 1897; Our Diplomacy, 1902; TheProtection of Naturalized Citizens, 1900; The American Doctrineof Citizenship, 1904; etc. Address: 42 Warren, New York.

*Strauss, Joseph. Lieutenant United States Navy. Born No-vember 16, 1861, Mount Morris, New York. Graduate NavalAcademy, 1885. Married Mary Sweitzer. Cruised in various partsof the world, 1885-1887; engaged in hydrographic surveys on eastand west coast of United States and in Alaska, 1887-1890; cruis-ing, 1890-1893; in Bureau of Ordnance Navy Department, 1893-1896; invented (with Admiral Sampson) superposed turret sys-tem of mounting guns on battleships, 1895; cruised in SouthAmerica, 1896-1900, and engaged in the blockade of the Cubancoast; in charge of United States Naval Proving Ground, 1900-1903; now attached to United States Steamship Arkansas. MemberUnited States Naval Institute. Has written various articles onordnance and ballistics. Address: Navy Department, Washing-ton, D. C.

Strauss, Malcolm Atherton. Pen and Ink Artist; Illustrator.Born September 19, 1879, New York City. Son of Nathan Straussand Minnie Gladken. Educated in Columbia Grammar School,New York. Pursued special course in Columbia College. Workhas appeared in Life, Truth, Metropolitan Magazine, New YorkHerald, New York Journal, The North American, Philadelphia,etc. Issued book of drawings: Cupid and Coronet. Address: 57West 75th, New York.

Strauss, Seligman Joseph. Lawyer. Born August 19, 1852,Wilkes-Barre, Pa. Son of Abraham Strauss and Emilie Boden-heimer. Educated at Wilkes-Barre and in New York City. Grad-uate, 1872, M. A., 1876, College City of New York. MarriedMiriam Weiss. Member Wilkes-Barre School Board, 1886-1895.Was president District Grand Lodge No. 3, and member Execu-tive Committee, Independent Order B'nai B'rith. Address:Wilkes-Barre, Pa.

*Strunsky, Anna. Author. Born 1881, Russia. Educated inLeland Stanford, Jr., University, Palo Alto, Cal. Wrote articlesfor socialistic magazines and lectured while in college. Whenabout to be graduated, planned to collaborate with Mr. JackLondon in writing the series of documents now published underthe title of Kempton-Wace letters. Travelled in England, France,and Italy. Address: San Francisco, Cal.


Strunsky, Simeon. Editor on the Staff of the New InternationalEncyclopaedia. Born July 23, 1879, Vitebsk, Russia. Son ofIsrael Mordecai Strunsky and Pearl Schweistein. Educated inNew York public schools, and Horace Mann High School; B. A.,1900, Columbia College. Came to the United States, 1887. Con-tributor in history, New International Encyclopaedia, 1900-1901;office editor history and political science, 1901-1904; editor ofIndex and Guide, 1904; contributor in history and politics, Inter-national Year Book, 1900-1902; contributor in history Encyclo-paedia Americana, 1904; instructor History and English, Educa-tional League, since 1901. Address: 1125 Washington, Hoboken,N. J.

Sulzbacher, Louis. United States Judge for the Western Dis-trict of Indian Territory. Born May 10, 1842, Rhenish Palatinate.Son of Jacob Sulzbacher and Regine Schwarz. Educated in Ger-many. Married Pauline Flersheim. Was justice Supreme Court,Porto Rico. Address: Kansas City, Mo.

Sulzberger, Mayer. President Judge Court of Common Pleas,No. 2, First Judicial District of Pennsylvania. Born June 22,1843, Heidelsheim, Grand Duchy of Baden. Son of AbrahamSulzberger and Sophia Einstein. Educated at Philadephia. Ad-dress: 1303 Girard Av., Philadephia, Pa.

Tannenbaum, Abner. Yiddish and Hebrew Journalist. BornMarch 1, 1848, Shirwint, Russia. Son of Hirsch Tannenbaum.Educated in Kamenetz-Podolsk Jewish primary school, and grad-uate Kishineff First Gymnasium. Was teacher in public schools,in private schools, bookkeeper, commercial correspondent, andmanager wholesale drug business. Came to New York, 1887, andopened small candy and cigar store; wrote for Der Morgenstern,1889-1890, then for other Yiddish and Hebrew publications.Translated nearly all the works of Jules Verne into Yiddish,popularizing the scientific facts they contain; wrote several novelswith the purpose of popularizing scientific knowledge; contrib-utes to Tageblatt, Judische Gazetten, Herold, Volksadvokat, andother Yiddish and Hebrew periodicals, on scientific and historicalsubjects, especially on the history of the Jews. Address: 107West 113th, New York.

"Tashrak." See Zevin, Israel Joseph.

Thomashefsky, Borris. Leading Actor, Manager, and Lessee,People's Theatre, New York City. Born May 30, 1866, Kieff, Rus-sia. Son of Philip Thomashefsky and Bertha Wishnefsky. Stud-


ied at Jewish, Russian, and German schools. Married BessieKaufman. Was leading actor and manager of theatres in Chicagoand Philadelphia. Address: 549 Bedford Av., Brooklyn, N. Y.

Traubel, Horace. Editor of The Conservator, and The Artsman.Born December 19, 1858, Camden, N. J. Son of Maurice Traubeland Katharine von Grunder. Educated in public schools. Mar-ried Anne Montgomerie. In early life was practical printer, prac-tical lithographer, bank clerk, general clerk, pay master, andserved daily newspaper route. Founder and for sixteen yearstreasurer Contemporary Club, Philadelphia; one of the foundersof the Philadelphia Ethical Society; and one of the founders, andsince its foundation secretary-treasurer, of the Walt WhitmanFellowship (international). Was associated with Whitman forthe last fifteen years of his life, helping him to prepare hisworks for final publication. Editorial writer at different periodson Boston Commonwealth, and Chicago Unity; writer of "spe-cials " on Chicago American, Philadelphia North American, andPhiladelphia Times. Edited: several books in connection withWalt Whitman; The Dollar or the Man, cartoons by HomerDavenport. In preparation: An economic work, and the firstvolume of his Whitman Diary. Residence: Camden, N. J. Office:200 South 10th, Philadelphia, Pa.

Tuska, Gustave R. Consulting Engineer. Born July 15, 1S69,New York City. Son of Adolph Tuska and Elise Robitscher.Studied in College City of New York, B. S., 1888; M. S., 1891; andColumbia University, C. E., 1891. Married Isabel Pappenheimer.Tutor Civil Engineering, Columbia University. Bridge engineerLong Island R. R. Co.; engineer Central New York and WesternR. R.; engineer Knoxville, Cumberland Gap, and Louisville R. R.;chief engineer Panama R. R. Co.; president and chief engineerAtlantic Construction Co.; chief engineer American Power Co.;chief engineer Atlantic Fisheries Co. Member of various engi-neers' societies. Director Hebrew Technical Institute, Under-writers Club, and The Judseans. Contributor to technical journalsand proceedings of engineering societies. Residence: 40 East65th. Office: 62-64 William, New York.

Ulmann, Albert. Banker and Broker. Born July 2, 1861, NewYork City. Son of Edward Ulmann and Philippine Michels.Educated in New York City public schools. B. S., 1881, CollegeCity of New York. Married Tillie Sulzbacher. Trustee AmericanScenic and Historic Preservation Society; governor and one ofthe founders of The Judasans. Member Phi Beta Kappa; NewYork Historical Society; and American Historical Association.


Author: Frederick Struther's Romance; Chaperoned; A Land-mark History of New York; New York's Historic Sites, Land-marks, Monuments, and Tablets. Residence: 101 West 80th.Office: 40 Exchange Place, New York.

Van den Berg, Brahm. Concert Pianist, Teacher, Composer.Born May 20, 1876, Cologne, Germany. Son of Simon Van denBerg and Catherine Van Stratum. Educated at Antwerp andVienna under Verhulst (cello), Rurwelds (piano), Josef Wien-iawski, Peter Benoit, Jean Bloch, and Theodor Leschetizky (1892-1893). As a very young man was engaged for a series of con-certs in London, Paris, Amsterdam, Brussels, and Liege. Mar-ried Bertha Delden. First conductor in National Opera House,Antwerp, 1896-1898; conductor Grand Opera House, Algiers, 1898-1900. Member of Faculty and Board of Examiners College ofMusic, Cincinnati, O. Address: 2153 St. James Av., Walnut Hills,Cincinnati, O.

Vineberg, Hiram Nahum. Physician. Born December 20, 1857,emigrated to Canada when six years old. Son of AlexanderVineberg. Educated in Canada public schools and privately.M. D. C. M., 1878, McGill University, Montreal, Canada. MarriedLena Bernheimer. Instructor Gynaecology New York Polyclinicand New York Post-Graduate Medical School; attending gynae-cologist St. Vincent's Hospital, and Monteflore Home for ChronicInvalids; adjunct attending gynaecologist Mount Sinai Hospital.Author of numerous papers on gynaecological subjects. Address:751 Madison Av., New York City.

*Waldstein, Charles. Educator, Author. Born March 30, 1856,New York City. Son of Henry Waldstein. A. M. and L. H. D.,Columbia College; Ph.D., 1875, University of Heidelberg; M. A.and Litt. D., Cambridge, Eng. University lecturer, classicalarchaeology, Cambridge University, 1880; University reader, clas-sical archaeology, 1882; director Fitzwilliam Museum, 1883-1889.Fellow King's College, Cambridge, 1883; Slade professor fine arts,King's College, since 1885; director, 1889-1895, and professor,1895-1897, American School of Classical Studies, Athens, Greece;directed excavations of American Archaeological Institute atPlataea, Eretria, Heraion of Argos, etc. Knight CommanderHellenic Order of the Redeemer; and of Ernestine Saxon Order.Author: Excavations at the Heraion of Argos; Balance of Emo-tion and Intellect, 1878; Essays on the Art of Phidias, 1885; TheWork of John Ruskin, 1894; The Study of Art in Universities,1895; The Surface of Things, 1899; The Jewish Question, 1899;The Expansion of Western Ideals and the World's Peace, 1899;


The Argive Heraeum, 1902. Address: King's College, Cambridge,England.

*Waldstein, Louis. Physician. Born April 15, 1853, New YorkCity. Son of Henry Waldstein. Studied in College of Physiciansand Surgeons, New York; Heidelberg, Zurich, Vienna, London,and Paris. M. D., 1878, Heidelberg. Assistant Pathological Insti-tute, Heidelberg, 1878-1880; practiced in New York, 1880-1898;since then in London. Author: The Sub-Conscious Self in itsRelation to Education and Health, 1897; also numerous medicaland scientific memoirs and articles. Address: 38 Montpelier Sq.,London, Eng.

*Waldstein, M. E. Chemist. Born October 18, 1854, New YorkCity. Son of Henry Waldstein. Educated in Columbia CollegeSchool of Mines. Ph. D., 1875, Heidelberg. Head of AtlanticChemical Works. Has written various chemical articles. Resi-dence: Orange, N. J. Office: 107 Murray, New York.

Walkowitz, Abraham. Artist, Instructor in Art, EducationalAlliance. Born March 22, 1880, Tuiemen, Siberia. Son of JacobWalkowitz. Educated in Russia and the United States. Cameto America with mother when ten years old; worked at varioustrades, last in sign painting establishment for five years; mean-while studied art in the evening at the National Academy ofDesign; received honorable mention for etching and medal forlife-drawings. Later devoted whole time to study of painting.Exhibitor at the National Academy and Art Culture League, alsoprivate exhibitions. Address: 25 East 3d, New York.

Wallach, Isabel R. Writer. Born April 15, 1858, New York.Daughter of Moses Richman and Rosa Mellis. Graduate NormalCollege, New York. Married Dr. Joseph G. Wallach (deceased).Vice-president for New York State of Council of Jewish Women;president Shaaray Tefila Sisterhood of Personal Service. Author:Historical and Biographical Narratives (for school children).Address: 15 West 91st, New York.

Walt, Abraham (nom de plume, "A. Liesin"). Poet, Journalist,and on editorial staff of Yiddish paper Vorwarts. Born May 2,1872, Minsk, Russia. Son of Yehuda Leib Walt and Relie Ham-burg. Educated in Cheder at Minsk and at Talmudical Collegein Volosin. Married Libbey Ginsburg. Was intended for theRabbinate by his parents; expelled from the Talmudical Collegeon account of heretical views. Went to Wilna when fifteen yearsold; participated in the socialist, labor, and revolutionary move-


ments in Russia; persecuted by agents of the government and com-pelled to live under assumed names, 1895; obliged to leave Rus-sia, 1897, and emigrated to the United States. Wrote poems, arti-cles, and essays for Yiddish periodicals in Russia and the UnitedStates. Contributions to Vorwarts and Zukunft. Address: Vor-warts, New York.

Warburg, Felix M. Banker, in the firm of Kuhn, Loeb, anuCompany. Born January 14, 1871, Hamburg, Germany. Son ofMoritz Warburg and Charlotte Oppenheim. Educated in the Gym-nasium of Hamburg. Married Frieda Schiff. Appointed byMayor Low Commissioner Board of Education, to serve until1906. Address: 18 East 72d, New York.

Weber, Joseph. Theatrical Manager. Born August 11, 1867,New York City. Son of Abraham Weber and Gertrude Enoch.Educated in New York public schools. Married Lillian Friedman.Owner Weber's Music Hall; member The Weber and Ziegfeldall-star stock company. German comedian. Address: 1213 Broad-way, New York.

Weil, Abraham. Artist. Born July 12, 1869, New York City.Son of Jacob A. Weil and Dina Lilienthal. Early evinced tastefor art. Entered business at fourteeen, and studied in the even-ings at Cooper Union; later at Academy of Design. Began careeron The New York Star at the age of eighteen; was later con-nected at different periods with The Press, Commercial Adver-tiser, Mail and Express, The World, The Journal, The Herald,The St. Louis Post-Despatch, and Philadelphia North American.Had daily cartoons in The Evening Telegram, New York. With-drew from newspaper work, 1898, and has since done work forvarious magazines, illustrated beoks of fiction and travel, anddesigned art calendars, theatrical posters, etc., for lithographingfirms. Address: 154 East 117th, New York.

Weill, Edmond. Artist. Born 1872, New York City. Son ofMax Weill. Educated in National Academy of Design, New York.Married Rose Bader. Charter member and first president CountySketch Club; charter member Society of Younger Painters. Hasexhibited in oil and water colors, at Carnegie Institute, Pittsburg;Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts; Philadelphia Art Club; andArt Institute, Chicago; Society of American Artists; NationalAcademy of Design; American Water Color Society; etc. Ad-dress: 1132 Hancock, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Werner, Adolph. Professor of the German Language and Liter-ature, College City of New York. Born January 5, 1839, Frank-


fort on the Main, Germany. Son of Edward Werner and RosalieSchlesinger. Studied in College City of New York (B. S., 1857;M. S., 1860); Ph. D., 1880, Rutgers Female College. Senator UnitedChapters Phi Beta Kappa since organization. Address: 339 West29th, New York.

Werner, Simon. Artist and Illustrator. Born April 21, 1871,New York. Son of Bernard Werner. Educated at New York.Studied art in Paris under Benjamin Constant, J. P. Laurens, andWilliam Bouguereau. Engaged as lithographic designer from theage of fifteen to twenty-two. Since completion of art studiesengaged in making drawings and illustrations for Harper's, Cen-tury, Ladies' Home Journal, Delineator, and other monthly maga-zines. Paintings exhibited at National Academy of Design; So-ciety of American Artists; Associated Illustrators; CarnegieInstitute; Salon in Paris, and Glass Palast, Munich. Address:43 East 59th, New York.

Weyl, Max. Artist; Landscape Painter. Born 1837, Miihlen onthe Neckar, Wurtemberg, Germany. Son of Veit Hirsh Weyl andMiriam G6tz. Self-taught. Married Miriam Raff. Past president,Society of Washington Artists. Received medal at the AtlantaExhibition, 1895; A. J. Parsons prize, 1904, for the best landscapein Society of Washington Artists Exhibition, bought by CorcoranGallery of Art. Address: 522 Corcoran Building, Washington,D. C.

Weyl, Walter Edward. Economist. Born March 11, 1874, Phil-adelphia, Pa. Son of Nathan Weyl and Emilie Stern. Educatedin Philadelphia public schools, and Central High School, Phila-delphia. Ph. B., 1892; Ph.D., 1897, University of Pennsylvania.Pursued courses at Universities of Halle, Berlin, and Paris.Junior fellowship, 1896-1897, senior fellowship, 1897-1898, 1898-1899, University of Pennsylvania. In charge of Statistics of Inter-nal Commerce, United States Bureau of Statistics. Author:Passenger Traffic of Railways; Railway Labor in Europe; LaborConditions in Mexico; Street Railway Labor; and about a dozenmagazine articles. Address: care University Settlement, 184Eldridge, New York.

White, Henry (or Harry). General Secretary United GarmentWorkers of America. Born May 21, 1866, Baltimore, Md. Sonof Max White and Annie Lewin. Educated in New York publicschools. Served apprenticeship to trade of clothing cutter; jour-neyman at eighteen; joined union of trade affiliated with Knightsof Labor; organized secession movement and issued call fornational convention in New York, 1891, which organized the

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United Garment Workers of America, affiliated with AmericanFederation of Labor; has been general officer from first, since1896 general secretary; has represented body at nearly all con-ventions of American Federation of Labor; one of the represen-tatives of New York at Chicago Trust Conference, 1899, appointedby Governor Roosevelt; nominated by Governor Roosevelt chieffactory inspector of New York; nomination withdrawn; servedon Executive Committee Citizen's Union; member National CivicFederation; trustee People's Institute; identified with Ethical Cul-ture Society and with Social Reform Club. Editor: The GarmentWorker, and Weekly Bulletin of the Clothing Trade. Address:95 West 119th, New York.

Whitney, Rosalie Loew (Mrs. T. H.). Attorney Legal AidSociety of New York; Attorney-at-law. Born May 4, 1873, NewYork City. Daughter of William H. Loew and Lottie Wechsler.Educated in New York public schools; A. B., 1892, Normal College;LL. B., 1895, New York University. Married Travis H. Whitney.Address: 239 Broadway, New York.

Wiernik, Peter. Yiddish Journalist; Collaborator in the JewishEncyclopedia. Born March, 1865, Wilna, Russia. Son of ZebiZeeb (Hirsch Wolf) Wiernik and Sarah Milchiger. Educated inCheder until thirteen years old; self-taught in all but Hebrewstudies. Came to America, 1885, and settled in Chicago. Was apeddler, common laborer, printer, writer for Yiddish papers andoccasional contributor to Hebrew and English periodicals. Con-nected with the Jewish Courier in various capacities, from type-setter to editor, 1887-1896; came to New York, 1898. Author:History of the Jews, 1901. Office: care Jewish Morning Journal,228 Madison. Residence: 54 Broome, New York.

Winkler, Max. Professor German language and literature, Uni-versity of Michigan. Born September 4, 1866, Cracow, Austria.Son of Simon M. Winkler and Mathilde Greiwer. Educated in theGymnasium of Cracow, and Hughes High School, Cincinnati, O.A. B., 1889, Harvard University; Ph. D., 1892, University of Michi-gan; post-graduate courses in University of Berlin. Assistant pro-fessor Modern Languages, University of Kansas, 1889-1890; in-structor in German, University of Michigan, 1890-1892, and 1893-1895; assistant professor German, 1895-1900; acting professorGerman, 1900-1902; professor German Language and Literaturesince 1902. Member Phi Beta Kappa of Harvard University andUniversity of Kansas. Editor: Lessing's Emilia Galotti, withintroduction and notes, 1895; Goethe's Egmont, with introduc-tion and notes, 1898; Schiller's Wallenstein, with introduction


and notes, 1901; Goethe's Iphigenie, with introduction and notes(in press). Contributions to Modern Language Notes. Address:730 South Thayer, Ann Arbor, Mich.

Wise, Leo. Publisher and Managing Editor, American Israelite,Cincinnati; Publisher Chicago Israelite. Born October 28, 1849,Albany, N. Y. Son of Rabbi Isaac M. Wise and Therese Bloch.Educated in Talmid Yelodim Institute, Cincinnati; St. Xavier'sCollege, Cincinnati; Cincinnati Farmers' College, College Hill, O.;Trinity College, Hartford, Conn.; LL. B., University of Michigan.Married Pauline Goodman. While a boy served a brief time inthe United States Navy (River Flotilla) during the Civil War;was one of the original settlers at the Kimberley diamond mine,having pre-empted claims when it was opened. Has been con-nected with The American Israelite during his entire active career.Conducted Die Deborah for a number of years; issued the Amer-ican Jews' Annual for eight years. Established Chicago Israelite,1885. Residence: 361 Hearne Av., Avondale. Office: 56 PerinBldg., Cincinnati, O.

Witmark, Julius P. Music Publisher. Born September 19, 1870,New York City. Son of Marcus Witmark and Henrietta Peyser.Educated in New York. Married Carrie J. Rosenberg. Belongsto the firm of M. Witmark and Sons, music publishers, New York,Chicago, San Francisco, and London. In his youth, until 1885,boy soprano on the stage. Address: 144-146 West 37th, New York.

Witt, Max S. Composer; General Musical Director of Messrs.Broadhurst and Currie's productions. Born November 12, 1870,Stettin, Germany. Son of Elias Witt and Sophie Schlesinger.Educated in Stettin Stadt Gymnasium and New York publicschools. Married Margaret Gonzalez. Was intended for com-mercial career, but abandoned it for music; has written manypopular melodies. Composer: The Moth and the Flame; MyLittle Georgia Rose; First Violin Waltzes; Phyllis Waltz; TheA. B. C. of Love, etc. Address: 34 East 21st, New York.

Wolbarst, Abraham Leo. Physician. Born August 4, 1872,New York City. Son of Bernard Wolbarst and Jane Appelbaum.Educated in New York public schools and College City of NewYork; M. D., 1898, College of Physicians and Surgeons. Attend-ing surgeon, Beth Israel Hospital Dispensary; clinical surgicalassistant, New York Polyclinic, School and Hospital. Specialwriter for New York Evening Sun on Jewish affairs; organizerand president four terms, New Era Club; founder, Society forthe Aid of Crippled Children, all of New York. Associate editor,


Whitman's Orthopaedic Surgery; and Weir's Lectures on Surgery.Formerly associate editor, New York Journal of Cutaneous andGenito-Urinary Diseases. Has written technical articles on sur-gery, and articles on social conditions in the Jewish quarter ofNew York. Address: 24 East 119th, New York.

Wolf, Adolph Grant. Associate Justice of the Supreme Courtof Porto Rico. Born January 11, 1869, Washington, D. C. Sonof Simon Wolf and Caroline Hahn. Studied in Johns HopkinsUniversity (A. B., 1890); LL. B., 1892, LL. M., 1893, Columbian(now George Washington) University, Washington; post-graduatework at University of Berlin. Financial secretary, United HebrewCharities, Washington; treasurer Civil Service Reform Associa-tion, District of Columbia. Address: 926 F, N. W., Washington,D. C.

Wolf, Emma. Author. Born June 15, 1865, San Francisco, Cal.Daughter of Simon Wolf and Annette Levy. Educated in SanFrancisco grammar, high, and normal schools. Author: OtherThings Being Equal; A Prodigal in Love; The Joy of Life; Heirsof Yesterday. Has written short stories for magazines. Address:2874 Washington, San Francisco, Cal.

Wolf, Simon. Attorney-at-law. Born October 28, 1836, Hinz-weiler, Rhenish Bavaria. Son of Levi Wolf. Educated in publicschools; graduate Ohio Law College, Cleveland. Doctor's degree,University of Strassburg. Married Amelia Lichtenstein. Wasrecorder District of Columbia, 1869-1878, United States consulgeneral and agent diplomatique to Egypt, 1881-1882; memberBoard of Charities and School Board, District of Columbia. Atpresent Chairman Board of Delegates for Civil and ReligiousRights of Union of American Hebrew Congregations. Twice presi-dent Constitution Grand Lodge Conventions, and now president,Independent Order B'nai B'rith; for twelve years president OrderKesher Shel Barzel; president Washington Schuetzen Verein fortwelve years; president Masonic Veterans Association; Bund derAlten; Ruppert House for Aged and Indigent, and GermanOrphan Asylum; founder and president Hebrew Orphans Home,Atlanta, Ga. Author: The American Jew as Patriot, Soldier, andCitizen; Biographies of Mordecai M. Noah and Commodore U. P.Levy. Address: 926 F, N. W., Washington, D. C.

Wolfenstein, Martha. Born August 5, 1869, Insterburg, Prus-sia, Germany. Daughter of Dr. Samuel Wolfenstein and BerthaBrieger. Educated in Cleveland, O., public schools. Author:


Idyls of the Gass; short stories in various magazines. Address:Jewjsh Orphan Asylum, Cleveland, O.

Wolfson, Arthur Mayer. First Assistant in History (chairmanof department), De Witt Clinton High School; teacher in chargeof Annex to DeWitt Clinton High School, New York. Born April10, 1873, Chicago, 111. Son of Rudolph Wolfson and Nancy Mayer.Educated in Kansas City and Philadelphia public schools. B. A.,1893; M. A., 1896, and Ph.D., 1898, Harvard University. TeacherCentral High School, Kansas City, Mo., 1893-1895; assistant inHistory, Harvard University, 1896-1898; teacher DeWitt ClintonHigh School since 1898. Has writen reviews and monographs,among them, The Ballot and Other Forms of Voting in the ItalianCommunes (in American Historical Review); Some Bibliograph-ical Notes on Italian Communal History (in Year Book of Biblio-graphical Society of Chicago), 1902-1903; Some Modern Theoriesof History Teaching Tested by Actual Practice (in Annual Re-port Schoolmasters' Association, New York and Vicinity), 1902-1903. Author: The Essentials in Ancient History (text book).Address: 140 West 102d, New York.

Wolfstein, David I. Physician. Born January 11, 1862, Hanni-bal, Mo. Son of Isaac Wolfstein and Caroline Levy. Studiedmedicine in Ohio Medical College; pursued courses in Europe, forthree years, at Strassburg, Zurich, Berlin, and Vienna. Fellowin Biology, University of Cincinnati. Married Nettie F. Scheuer.Is neuro-pathologist to Cincinnati Hospital, University of Cin-cinnati; neurologist to Jewish Hospital. Was bacteriologist,Miami Medical College; professor of Pathology, University ofCincinnati; of Mental and Nervous Diseases, Cincinnati Collegeof Medicine and Surgery; secretary, Section of Nervous and Men-tal Diseases, American Medical Association. Has written articleson diseases of the nervous system. Address: 22 West 7th, Cin-cinnati, O.

*Woog, Benjamin Bernard. First Lieutenant, Marine Corps,United States Navy. Born in District of Columbia. Enteredservice and received present commission, July 1, 1899. Orderedto Guam, P. I., 1903. Address: Navy Department, Washington,D. C.

Woolf, Albert Edward. Electrician; Inventor. Born Septem-ber 25, 1846, New York City. Son of Edward Woolf and SarahMichels. Educated in College City of New York. Married Rosa-mund Wimpfheimer. Member American Institute of ElectricalEngineers, and of Society of Arts, London, Eng. Introduced Per-


oxide of Hydrogen for bleaching ostrich feathers; discovered andintroduced disinfection by means of electrolysis of a saline solu-tion; purified Rikers Island; sterilized New York drinking waterduring typhoid fever epidemic, 1893; disinfected Havana forUnited States officials; eradicated yellow fever. Residence: 832West End Av. Office: 415 Lexington Av., New York.

Woolf, Samuel Johnson. Portrait and Figure Painter. BornFebruary 12, 1880, New York City. Son of Albert Edward Woolfand Rosamund Wimpfheimer. Graduate, 1899, College City ofNew York, and studied at Art Students League. Pupil of Ken-yon Cox and George DeForrest Brush. Awarded Hallgarten prizeNational Academy of Design, 1904; represented at exhibitions inNational Academy of Design, New York; Pennsylvania Academyof Fine Arts, Philadelphia; Society of American Artists; CarnegieInstitute, Pittsburg; and St. Louis Exposition. Works: Portraitsof William J. Lemoyne; Jonathan Scott Hartley; Professor Solo-mon Woolf; Subject pictures: Finale; Idle Hours; The Chemist;The Story of Christmas; Girl with Violets. Residence: 832 WestEnd Av. Studio: 139 West 55th, New York.

"Yehoash." See Bloomgarden, Sol.

*Zalinski, Edmund L. Captain, United States Army (retired).Born in Poland. Graduate, 1880, of the Artillery School. Ap-pointed second lieutenant, 2d New York Artillery of Volunteers,1865; second lieutenant, 5th Artillery regular army, 1866; firstlieutenant, 1867; captain, 1887; retired, 1894. Address: WarDepartment, Washington, D. C.

*Zalinski, Moses G. Major, Quartermaster's Department, UnitedStates Army. Born January 23, 1863, New York. Graduate, 1894,of the Artillery School. Appointed private, corporal, and sergeant,Batteries G and H, first Artillery, 1885; second lieutenant, secondArtillery, 1889; first lieutenant, fourth Artillery, February, 1895;transferred to second Artillery, March, 1895; captain and quarter-master, 1898; major quartermaster, 1903. Address: War Depart-ment, Washington, D. C.

Zeisler, Fannie Bloomfield (Mrs. Sigmund). Concert Pianiste.Born July 16, 1865, Bielitz, Austrian Silesia. Daughter of SolomonBloomfield and Bertha Jaeger. Came to Chicago when two yearsold. Taught by Carl Wolfsohn, Chicago, and 1878-1883 by Lesche-tizky, Vienna. First public appearance in Chicago, 1875. On herreturn from abroad, played at piano and orchestral concerts in thecities of the United States. Soloist with New York Philharmonic


and Symphony Societies, Boston Symphony Orchestra, Chicago,Buffalo, Cincinnati, and St. Louis Orchestras, and at the WorcesterFestivals. In 1893-1895 appeared with great success in all the largecities of Germany, Austria, Denmark, and Switzerland; 1896,made a tour of the Pacific Coast; 1898, played in England, andwas soloist at the Lower Rhine Music Festival, at Cologne; in1902 again played in the large cities of Europe, including Paris.Accounted one of the greatest living piano artists. Married Sig-mund Zeisler. Honorary member Chicago and Peoria Woman'sClub; Saturday Club, Sacramento; Chicago Women's Aid; Chi-cago Woman's Club; and Chicago Amateur Musical Club. Ad-dress: 5749 Woodlawn Av., Chicago, 111.

Zeisler, Sigmund. Lawyer. Born April 11, 1860, Bielitz, Aus-tria. Son of Isaac L. Zeisler and Anna Kanner. Educated inBielitz public schools, and Imperial and Royal Gymnasium,Bielitz. J. D., 1883, University of Vienna; LL. B., 1884, North-western University. Married Fannie Bloomfield, 1885. Wasassociate counsel for defense in Anarchist cases, 1886-1887;chief assistant corporation counsel of Chicago, 1893-1894; resignedbecause of ill-health and travelled in Europe several months;since then engaged in private law practice; prominent as Sound-Money Democrat in campaign of 1896; speaker at the first anti-Imperialist meeting held west of the Alleghanies, Chicago, 1899;member Executive Committee American anti-Imperialist League,1899; acting chairman during entire business session NationalLiberty Congress, 1900; stumped country as an anti-Imperialistin favor of Bryan, campaign of 1900. Member Executive Com-mittee of Voters' League; and of Civil Service Reform Associa-tion. Contributor to reviews and law journals. Office: Rookery.Residence, 5749 Woodlawn Av., Chicago, 111.

"Zelda." See Pastor, Rose Harriet.

Zevin, Israel Joseph ("Tashrak") . Associate Editor JewishDaily News (Yiddish), New York. Born January 31, 1872, Gori-Gorki, Moghilev, Russia. Son of Judah Leib Zevin. Educated inRussian Cheder and privately. Was editor Philadelphia JewishPress (Yiddish). Came to New York, 1889; started as newsboyon Park Row; wrote first literary productions while selling can-dies from a stand on the Bowery, 1893; joined editorial staffJewish Daily News, 1900. Has written sketches, short stories, andbiographies, in Hebrew in Ha-Ibri, and Yalkut Maarabi; inEnglish in the English Department Jewish Daily News, JewishComment, and other Jewish weeklies; in Yiddish for nearly every


Yiddish publication in the United States. Address: 185 EastBroadway, New York.

Zolotkoff, Leon. Assistant State's Attorney, Chicago. BornMay 15, 1865, Wilna, Russia. Son of Jehudah Zolotkoff and Re-becca Ostriner. Educated in Russian Cheder; and Wilna schools;at nineteen attended lectures of the historico-philological faculty,Sorbonne, Paris; B.L., 1895, Lake Forrest University, Chicago.Married Fanny Ogus. Was associate editor Hebrew daily Ha-Yom, St. Petersburg, 1886-1887; contributed to Russian periodi-cals, and wrote several short stories, one entitled " Prison Types,"1887. Came to Chicago, 1887, established the Daily and WeeklyJewish Courier; attempted publication of a Hebrew monthlymagazine, Keren Or, 1888, but published only two issues on ac-count of lack of funds. Has contributed numerous sketches underthe heading Zauberspiegel to the Yiddish press for fifteen years.Organized and is grand master, Order Knights of Zion. AttendedSecond, Third, and Fifth Zionist Congresses at Basle, and wastwice elected member Actions-Committee. Address: 936 StockExchange Bldg., Chicago, 111.

Zon, Raphael G. Field-Assistant Bureau of Forestry, UnitedStates Department of Agriculture. Born December 1, 1874, Sim-birsk, Russia. Son of Gabriel Zon. Graduate, 1893, of ClassicalGymnasium at Simbirsk; studied in Medical and Natural ScienceDepartment, University of Kazan, Russia, 1893-1896; attended lec-tures on political economy, at University Nouvelle, Brussels, 1897;graduate New York State College of Forestry of Cornell Univer-sity, 1901, with degree F. E. (Forest Engineer). Has been con-nected with the Bureau of Forestry since 1901. Has investigatedthe Chestnut in Maryland; Balsam Fir in the Adirondacks; andsilviculture of Longleaf Pine in Texas. Defined the treatment ofMohegan Park, Hamilton Co., N. Y, and is studying the LoblollyPine in connection with the Kirby Working Plan. Has contributedpapers to The Forester, Forestry Quarterly, and The PopularScience Monthly. Address: Bureau of Forestry, Washington,D. C.

Zunser, Eliakum. Born Heshvan 1, 5602 (1841), Wilna, Russia.Son of Feiwe Zunser and Ita Glasstein. Studied at the Talmu-dical Colleges of Wilna; in secular studies self-taught by means ofthe Hebrew Haskala literature. Married Feige Katzewitz. Wrotepoetry in Judso-German, beginning at age of thirteen; com-posed words and music, frequently extempore; sang at concertsand weddings. Came to America, 1889; gave up writing, 1895;is now a printer. First volume of poems printed in 1861; has


since published sixty-five collections of poems, some with musicand some with translations into Hebrew; the volume entitledShirim Hadoshim is best known. Also wrote and published adrama, Mehirat Joseph, 1871. Address: 156 East Broadway, NewYork.

JEWS IN THE CONGEESS OF THE UNITED STATES

MAETIN EMEEICH, of Illinois, in the House of Representatives.HENRY MAYER GOLDFOGLE, of New York, in the House of Repre-

sentatives.Lucius NATHAN LITTAUER, of New York, in the House of Repre-

sentatives.

ADOLPH MEYER, of Louisiana, in the House of Representatives.

ISIDOR RAYNER, of Maryland, Senator-elect.

For biographical sketches of the above, see pp. 86, 102, 143,154, 167.


BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES OF EABBIS AND CAN-TOES OFFICIATING IN THE UNITED STATES

(ADDITIONS)

The subjoined biographical sketches and notices are to beregarded as additions to the Sketches published in the AMER-

ICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK 5664, pp. 40-108. An effort wasmade to reach all new incumbents and to follow up all changes.Also, a renewed effort was made to obtain authentic data fromthose whose sketches last year were marked with an asteriskto indicate that they had been compiled from secondarysources. The asterisk continues to serve this purpose in theappended list, which is still limited to such Eabbis andCantors as are at present officially connected with congrega-tions in the United States.

Abbey, Adolph. Minister Hall Street Synagogue (Congrega-tion Nvay Tsedek Talmud Torah), Portland, Ore. Born at Riga,Russia, February 28, 1875. Educated at the Gymnasium and theTalmudical Colleges of Shavli, Kovno, and Bialystok, Russia.Diploma conferred by Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Spector, Kovno.LL. B., University of Oregon. Held positions in Washington,D. C, and Spokane, Wash. Contributor to the Jewish Tribune,Portland; Hebrew Standard, New York. Address: 615% First,Portland, Ore.

Bergman, MoTse. Rabbi (since 1904) of Congregation Gates ofPrayer, New Orleans, La. Born November 10, 1877, at Shreveport,La. Son of J. A. Bergman and Annie Wise. Educated at thepublic schools of Shreveport and New Orleans; Tulane Prepara-tory School; Cincinnati High School; Hebrew Union College(B. H., and Rabbi), and University of Cincinnati (B. A.). WasRabbi of Temple Emanuel, Grand Rapids, Mich. Has done circuitwork at Saginaw and Battle Creek, Mich. Address: 850 Caron-delet, New Orleans, La.


Bloch, Jacob. Resigns as Rabbi of Congregation Emanu-El,Spokane, Wash., in June, 1904.

* Brown, A. B. J. Resigns as Rabbi of Congregation ShaareyZedek, San Francisco, Cal., in 1904.

Cahan, Morris. Rabbi of Congregation Children of Israel,Augusta, Ga. Born May, 1878, Proskurov, Podolia, Russia. Sonof Simon Cahan. Studied at Jewish Theological Seminary, Col-lege City of New York, University of Cincinnati (B. A., 1903),and Hebrew Union College (Rabbi, 1903). Address: 1019 Greene,Augusta, Ga.

•Cohen, P. H. Elected Cantor of Congregation Shaarey Zedek,San Francisco, Cal., in 1904.

*Cohn, Frederick. Rabbi of Congregation Achduth Vesholom,Fort Wayne, Ind., elected, in 1904, Rabbi of Temple Israel, Omaha,Neb., and of Congregation B'nai Yeshurun, Lincoln, Neb. Ad-dress: 1302 Park Av., Omaha, Neb.

Cooper, Israel. Cantor (since 1886) of Congregation Sons ofIsrael (B'nai Israel Kalvaria), New York City. Born January25, 1843, at Alusenitz, Kamenetz-Podolsk, Russia. Son of IsaiahCooper and Frieda Rosa Millinitzer. Educated at Jassy, Rou-mania. Smuggled across the Black Sea into Roumania at the ageof fifteen to escape the child-stealers seeking Jewish recruits forthe army. Married Fannie Rebecca Engelscher. Was cantor inBucharest, Roumania, five years; Wilna, Russia, ten years; andChicago, 111., two years. Address: 3 Rutgers, New York.

*Dubov, Marcus H. Rabbi of Congregation Bnei Moshe, Evans-ville, Ind., elected Rabbi of Congregation B'rith Achim, Rich-mond, Va., in 1904.

Eiseman, Aaron. Rabbi (since 1903) of Congregation BethIsrael Bikur Cholim, New York City. Born March 20, 1879, NewYork City. Son of Bernhard Eiseman and Rebecca Rosenblatt.Secular education in the New York public schools; New YorkUniversity (B. A., 1901); and Columbia University (M. A., 1902).Rabbinical education under Rev. Dr. H. Pereira Mendes and at theJewish Theological Seminary of America. One of the foundersof the Z. B. T. Fraternity, and for two years its Nasi. Address:1067 Lexington Av., New York.

Ettelson, Harry W. Rabbi (since 1904) of Congregation Ach-duth Vesholom, Fort Wayne, Ind. Born October 2, 1881, in


Poland. Son of Samuel A. Ettelson and Miriam Harris. B. A.,1903, University of Cincinnati; Rabbi, 1904, Hebrew Union Col-lege. Pursued a course of study at University of Chicago. Ad-dress: Fort Wayne, Ind.

Farber, Rudolph. Rabbi of Congregation Shaaray Zedek, De-troit, Mich. Born April 5, 1862, at Zator, Austria. Son of JacobFarber and Rosa Getreider. Elementary Jewish and secular edu-cation in the schools of Zator and Neutra, Hungary. Talmudiceducation for ten years under Klemperer and Dr. Abraham Stein,Prague. Rabbinical authorization conferred, 1880, by Rabbi AaronKornfeld, Jenikau, Bohemia; and 1883, by Dr. Saul Kaempf,Prague. Held rabbinical positions in Glozan, Bohemia; Erie, Pa.;Chicago, 111.; Portland, Ore.; and Vancouver, B. C. Taught Sem-itics in Union College, Schenectady, N. Y. Editor: The Occident,Chicago; The American Hebrew News, Portland, Ore. Contrib-utor to The Oregonian, and other papers. Address: 104 Adelaide,Detroit, Mich.

Feuerlicht, Morris Marcus. Rabbi of Congregation AhawasAchim, Lafayette, Ind., elected Associate Rabbi of the Indian-apolis (Ind.) Hebrew Congregation, in 1904.

Friedman, Henry. Rabbi (since 1904) of Temple Sinai, Mil-waukee, Wis. Born July 21, 1846, Worne, Russia. Son of LewisFriedman and Bella Sofer. Educated at Wilna, Russia. Rabbin-ical authorization conferred, 1867, by Dr. Landsberg, Darmstadt;and 1869, Dr. Alex. Stein, Worms. Married Sarah Daneman.Held position for four years in South Germany; as assistant rabbiin Congregation B'rith Kodesh, Rochester, N. Y.; in CongregationShaareh Tove, Minneapolis, Minn.; for four years in Congrega-tion Beth El Emeth, Camden, Ark.; for seven years in UnitedHebrew Congregation, Gainesville, Tex.; and for two years inTampa, Fla. Founder of Congregation Shaareh Tove, Minneap-olis, Minn. Address: 380 Boylston Place, Milwaukee, Wis.

•Friedman, J. Elected Rabbi of Congregation Rodef Sholom,Homestead, Pa., in 1903.

*Frisch, Ephraim. Elected Rabbi of Congregation AnsheEmeth, Pine Bluff, Ark., in 1904.

*Goldenson, Samuel H. Elected Rabbi of Congregation AdathIsrael, Lexington, Ky., in 1904.

*Heiman, Leopold. Elected Rabbi of Congregation Beth-El,Norfolk, Va.


Heller, Nachman. Rabbi (since 1903) of Congregation Aha-bath Israel, Philadelphia, Pa. Born Heshvan 15, 1862, at Bialy-stok, Poland. Son of Israel Heller and Taube Feiga Thai. Tal-mudic education received from his father, from Rabbi SamuelMohilever, the Malbim, Rodkinson, and M. Friedmann, Vienna.Studied at the Gymnasium in Konigsberg, and pursued courses inphilosophy, physiology, pedagogy, economics, etc., at the Univer-sity of Vienna; Baylor University, Texas (1902-1903), and Univer-sity of Chicago, 1903. Rabbinical authorization conferred, 1880,by Rabbi M. L. Malbim, Konigsberg; 1883, by Rabbi AlexanderLapidus, Rossiena; 1884, by Rabbi Samuel Mohilever, Bialystok.Married Esther Gorfinkel (granddaughter of the Bigde-Yesha).Taught Hebrew school Shaarei Zedek, New York, 1900; principalHebrew school Shaare-Zedek, Winnipeg, Man., 1901; and RabbiCongregation Agudath Jacob, Waco, Tex., 1902-1903. Works:Rabbi Nachman-bar-Jacob (Hebrew poem), 1883; Doresh l'Zion(on Zionism), 1900; Translation of the Aramaic parts of Danieland Ezra into Hebrew (in press). Address: 2076 Letterly, Phila-delphia, Pa.

Hirschensohn, Hayim. Rabbi (since 1903) of Congregation EzHachayim, Hoboken, N. J. Born Ellul 11, 1858, in Safed, Pales-tine. Son of Jacob Mordecai Hirschensohn and Sarah BelaZartkis. Educated at the elementary schools of Safed; the SukkatSholom u-Maor Jacob Academy, Jerusalem, of which his fatherwas principal; and in Cabbalah in the College of Rabbi ShalomSharabi, Jerusalem. Self-taught in modern Hebrew literature.Rabbinical authorization conferred by Rabbis of Jerusalem, Egypt,Germany, Holland, Roumania, and Russia, and the title of Hakam,by Kalman Shulman and S. Rubin. Was principal, later vice-principal, of College in Jerusalem, in succession to his father;teacher in the orphan asylum at Jerusalem; engaged in businesspursuits, 1894-1895; studied hieroglyphics in Egypt; director of aSephardic school in Constantinople, 1896-1903; came to America,1903. Early interested in Zionist movement; delegate to theSixth Congress at Basle; organizer of a B'nai B'rith lodge inJerusalem; associated with Ben-Jehuda and Yellin in variouseducational movements looking to the introduction and use of theHebrew language in Palestine; and the establishment of libraries.Editor: Hebrew and Yiddish monthly; Hebrew monthly Ha-Misderonah; the Or Zarua, from a MS. in the British Museum,1887. Author: Mosedot Torah shebeal Pe; Ateret Zekenim;articles in the periodical press. Address: 202 Park Av., Hoboken,N. J.

Hirschowitz, Abraham Eber. Rabbi of Congregation Sons otIsrael, New York City, elected Rabbi of Congregations B'naiJacob and B'nai Israel, Toledo, O., in 1903.


*Hirshberg, Samuel. Rabbi of Congregation unabei Shalom,Boston, Mass., elected Rabbi of Congregation Emanu-El, Mil-waukee, Wis., in 1904.

Hoffman, Charles Isaiah. Rabbi, since 1904, of the UnitedHebrew Congregation of Indianapolis, Ind. Born January 3, 1864,Philadelphia, Pa. Son of Moses Hoffman and Hannah Kaufman.Educated at Philadelphia public schools, and Rugby Academy,Philadelphia. A. B., A. M., and LL. B., University of Pennsylvania.Pursued post-graduate course at Cambridge University, England,and Jewish Theological Seminary (Rabbi, 1904, valedictorian).Married Fanny Binswanger. President District Grand LodgeNo. 3, Independent Order B'nai B'rith. Editor and one of thefounders of the Jewish Exponent. Member of the Philadelphiabar, and practiced law in Philadelphia. Has made addressesbefore Jewish societies, and written essays for the Jewish Expo-nent. Address: Indianapolis, Ind.

*lsrael, Solomon. Appointed Cantor of Congregation AgudathAchim Anshe Orange, 258 Main Street, Orange, N. J.

Israeli, Phineas. Rabbi (since 1903) of Congregation TiferethIsrael, Des Moines, la. Born April 24, 1880, at Elizabethgrad,Russia. Son of Elimelech Israeli and Sima Zlotsky. Elementaryeducation at a Cheder in Russia and in the Hartford, Conn.,public schools. A. B., 1899, College City of New York; M. A.,1902, Columbia University; Rabbi, 1902, Jewish Theological Semi-nary of America. Married Sophia Kaplan. Rabbi, 1902-1903, atAllentown, Pa. Address: 1047 Sixth Av., Des Moines, la.

*Kahn, Emanuel. Rabbi of United Hebrew Congregation, FortSmith, Ark., elected Rabbi of the Congregation in Joplin, Mo., in1904.

*Kamenski, Herman. Elected Rabbi of the Jewish Congrega-tion in Corning, N. Y., in 1903.

*Kaplan, Bernard Michael. Rabbi of Congregation B'nai Israel,Sacramento, Cal., elected Rabbi of Congregation Ohabei Shalome,San Francisco, Cal., in 1904.

Kaplan, Jacob H. Rabbi (since 1904) of Congregation Albert,Albuquerque, N. M. Born December 26, 1874, at Adelnau, Posen,Germany. Son of Louis Kaplan and Minna Margolius. Educatedat Buffalo high school; Hughes High School, Cincinnati; Univer-sity of Cincinnati (B. A., 1901), and Hebrew Union College(Rabbi, 1902). Address: 106 North 12th, Albuquerque, N. M.


*Kaplan, Mordecai M. Elected Minister of Kehilath Jeshurun,New York City, in 1904. Address: 103 East 90th, New York.

*Karfunkel, Solomon. Elected Rabbi of the Hungarian HebrewCongregation Oheb Zedek, Schenectady, N. Y., in 1904.

Klein, Jacob. Rabbi of Congregation Emanuel, Statesville,N. C, elected Rabbi of the Congregation in Sumter, S. C, in 1904.Address: 209 North Washington, Sumter, S. C.

Klein, Max. Minister (since 1903) of Congregation BikurCholim, Donaldsonville, La. Born February 2, 1853, at Hatten,Alsace. Son of Frederic Klein and Therese Moock. Diplomasconferred by Rabbi Griinebaum, Landau; Cantor Jacob Stern,Ingenheim, Palatinate; Cantor Zacharie Klein (his brother),Brumath, Alsace. Held positions, 1872, at Kolbsheim, Alsace;1873-1885, Alexandria, La. Address: Donaldsonville, La.

*Kleinfeld, A. S. Elected Cantor of Congregation B'nai Je-shurun, Paterson, N. J.

Kleinfeld, Solomon. Cantor and Preacher of Congregation BnaiSholom, New Haven, Conn. Born November 12, 1869, in Austria.Son of Jacob Kleinfeld and Ester Goldbaum. Educated at theStern Conservatory of Music, Berlin, Germany. Urged by histeachers to adopt the stage as his profession, but was preventedby his father, who feared the effect upon his religious attitude.Married Julia Gross. Held positions in the Oranienburger Vor-stadt, Berlin; Congregation Atereth Israel, New York; and Con-gregation Beth Israel, Philadelphia. Address: 98 Olive, NewHaven, Conn.

Kopfstein, Mayer. Rabbi of Congregation Mount Sinai of Har-lem, New York, founded by him. Congregation incorporated June27, 1904.

*Kornfeld, Joseph Saul. Resigns as Rabbi of CongregationAnshe Emeth, Pine Bluff, Ark., and accepts a position in Mont-real, Canada, in 1904.

*Krohn, S. Elected Rabbi of Congregation Ohev Israel, KansasCity, Mo., in 1904.

Levi, Gerson Benedict. Rabbi (since 1904) of CongregationBeth El, Helena, Ark. Born January 23, 1878, in Russia. Sonof Israel Levi and Miriam Saltzman. Elementary education in


public schools of Glasgow, Scotland, and public and high schoolsof Philadelphia. B. A., 1899, University of Pennsylvania; Rabbi,1904, Jewish Theological Seminary of America. Private studywith Rev. Dr. Sabato Morais, 1888-1897. Post-graduate course inSemitics, 1900-1902, University of Pennsylvania. Head of HebrewDepartment, Jewish Chautauqua Society. Author: Beginners'Book in Hebrew; Advanced Lessons in Hebrew. Address: Helena,Ark.

Levine, David. Rabbi (since 1904) of Temple Emanu-El, Spo-kane, Wash. Born October 5, 1876, in New York City. Son ofHerman I. Levine and Pauline Meiersohn. Educated at BaltimoreCity College, College City of New York, and Columbia University(Ph.D., 1902), and completed the course at the Jewish Theologi-cal Seminary of America. Married Daisy Baum. Rabbi, 1900-1902, of Congregation Adath Jeshurun, Syracuse, N. Y.; actingRabbi, 1903-1904, of Temple Beth Israel, Portland, Ore. Author:The Garden of Wisdom of Rabbi Nathanel bar Fayyumi, trans-lated from the original Arabic, and edited with notes, critical,literary, and explanatory. Address: 719 Riverside Av., Spokane,Wash.

*Levinson, J. Elected Cantor of Congregation Beth David,Detroit, Mich., in 1904.

*Magnes, J. Leon. Elected Rabbi of Temple Israel, Brooklyn,N. Y., in 1904.

Mandel, Morris. Minister, since 1903, of Congregation KenesethIsrael, Allentown, Pa. Born April 1, 1875, Bely, Hungary. Sonof Elijah Mandel and Lena Kastor. Elementary education inthe graded schools of Hungary and the public schools of NewYork. Came to America, 1888. A. B., 1897, College City of NewYork; Rabbi, 1898, Jewish Theological Seminary of America.Pursued post-graduate studies in School of Philosophy, ColumbiaUniversity. Rabbi Congregation Adas Israel, Washington, D. C,1898-1901; Beth Israel Congregation, Atlantic City, N. J., 1901-1903. Vice-President, 1899-1900, Federation of American Zionists.Address: 747 Turner, Allentown, Pa.

Mannheimer, Leo. Resigns as Rabbi of Mizpah Congregation,Chattanooga, Tenn., in 1904.

*Margolies, M. S. Elected Rabbi of Congregation B'nai Jacob,South Brooklyn, N. Y., 1903. Elected Rabbi of CongregationAnshei Emeth, Cleveland, O., in 1904.


*Markovitz, M. A. Elected Rabbi of Congregation ChevraThillim, San Francisco, Cal., 1903.

Mayer, Eli. Resigns as Rabbi of Congregation Beth El, Helena,Ark., and is elected assistant rabbi to the Rev. Dr. Joseph Kraus-kopf, of Congregation Keneseth Israel, Philadelphia, Pa. Ad-dress: 263 Berkeley St., German town,. Pa.

*Medvidovsky, Israel. Resigns as Rabbi of Congregation NvayTsedek Talmud Torah, Portland, Ore., in 1904.

Mendelsohn, G. Minister of Congregation Rodef Sholom, Home-stead, Pa., elected Rabbi of Congregation Adath Israel, Nashville,Tenn., in 1903.

Meyer, Julius Henry. Resigns as Rabbi of Congregation Emanu-El, Milwaukee, Wis., in 1903.

Minkowsky, Abraham. Cantor of Congregation Shaarei Zedek,New York. Born November 15, 1869, at Biala-Zerkofl, Russia.Son of Mordecai Minkowsky and Malka Freinkel. Educated atCheder and at a Talmudical College. Graduate of the MoscowImperial Conservatory of Music. Married Bertha Osoffezky. WasCantor of the Great Temple, Odessa; Cantor of Reformed Tem-ple, Cherson, for more than twelve years; professor of vocalculture and theory of music, Cherson Imperial Institute of Music;and director of the Tchaikowsky Musical Circle, Cherson. Com-poser of synagogue music. Address: 207 Clinton, New York.

*Morgenstern, Julian. Elected Rabbi of Congregation Emanuel,Grand Rapids, Mich., in 1904.

*Myers, Isidor. Resigns as Rabbi of Congregation OhabeiShalome, San Francisco, Cal., in 1904.

Nelson, Leon M. Resigns as Rabbi of Temple Israel, Brooklyn,N. Y., in 1904.

Raisin, Max. Rabbi of K. K. Bene Abraham, Portsmouth, O.,elected Rabbi of Congregation Ryhim Ahoovim, Stockton, Cal., in1903; resigns from the Congregation, in 1904, and is electedRabbi of Temple Sinai, St. Francisville, La.

Reichert, Isidor. Rabbi of Temple Beth El, Brooklyn, N. Y.,officiated as Rabbi at Temple Beth-Zion, Johnstown, Pa., 1903-1904, and was elected Rabbi in Temple Israel, Uniontown, Pa., in1904.


*Ridwas (Willonski), Jacob David. Rabbi (since 1903) ofCongregation Anshe Kaneses Israel, Chicago, 111. Born, 1845, atKobrin, Russia. Rabbi at Zabolin, Bobruisk, and Slutzk, andMaggid of Wilna, 1889-1900. Came to America, 1900. Author:Migdal David, 1874; Hanah David, 1876; Teshubah Rabbah, 1883.Editor: Jerusalem Talmud, text, with all former commentaries inaddition to his own (11 vols. fol.).

Rivkind, Moses Mordecai. Rabbi of Congregation Beth ElJacob, Des Moines, la. Born 1864, at Toshnat, Hungary. Sonof Gedaliah Rivkind. Educated in Russian towns. Rabbinicalauthorization conferred by Chief Rabbi Myer Jonah, Swislitz;Rabbi Michael Wolf son, Janishok; Rabbi K. Natan, Augustovo;Chief Rabbi Samuel Salant, Jerusalem; and Chief Rabbi J. D.Ridwas. Married Selda Lossman. Held positions in Indianapolis,Ind.; and St. Paul, Minn. Author: Gedulat Mordecai. Address:508 East First, Des Moines, la.

Rosenberg, Solomon. Resigned as Rabbi and Cantor of TempleBeth El, Jersey City, N. J., in 1903.

*Rosenstein, M. Elected Rabbi of Congregation B'nai Sholom,Toledo, O., in 1906.

*Rosenthal, Abraham. Elected Rabbi of Congregation BethIsrael, Grand Rapids, Mich., in 1903.

Rothstein, Leonard Julius. Rabbi (since 1904) of Congrega-tion B'nai Israel, Kalamazoo, Mich. Born October 1, 1880, inPoland. Son of Isaac Rothstein and Yetta Rosenberg. Educatedat the Cincinnati public and high schools; Hebrew Union College(B. H., 1900; Rabbi, 1904); and University of Cincinnati (B. A.,1904). Officiated temporarily at Jefferson City, Mo.; Anniston,Ala.; and Binghamton, N. Y. Address: 420 North 5th, Cincin-nati, Ohio.

*Ruppin, Louis. Elected Rabbi of Congregation Bene Abraham,Portsmouth, O., in 1903.

Schaffer, Schepschel. Rabbi of Congregation Shearith Israel,Baltimore, Md. Born May 4, 1862, at Bausk, Courland, Russia.Son of Aaron Schaffer and Taube Jaffe. Educated at the Gymna-sium of Libau, Courland. Studied at University of Berlin, andthe Rabbinical Seminary, Berlin. Ph. D., 1888, University ofLeipzig; Rabbinical authorization conferred, 1889, by the Rab-binical Seminary, Berlin, and by Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Spector,


Kovno. Married Anna Lapidusson. President Baltimore ZionAssociation. Author: Das Recht und seine Stellung zur Moralnach Talmudischer Sitten- und Rechtslehre, 1889. Address: 2566McCulloh, Baltimore, Md.

Scheinman, Jacob Hirsh. Rabbi (since 1903) of CongregationBeth David, Detroit, Mich. Born May 12, 1844, at Saane, RussianPoland. Son of Israel L. Scheinman and Hannah Franklin. Rab-binical authorization conferred, 1859, by Rabbi Isaac Avigdor,Kovno; Rabbi Margolius, Kalvaria; Rabbi Lipsitz, Suwalk; andRabbi Moses Bezalel Luria, Saane. Married Rebeccah Komi-sarsky. Rabbi for twenty years at Saane; also at Chicago, 111.;Pittsburg, Pa.; Norwich, Conn.; and Brooklyn, N. Y. Address:313 East Montcalm, Detroit, Mich.

Schlager, Simon. Cantor (since 1904) of Temple Emanu-El,New York City. Born May 1, 1869, at Cracow, Galicia. Son ofDavid Schlager and Rosa Ree. Studied at National Conservatoryof Music, New York. Married Sally Wachsteter. Was Cantor fortwo years at Temple Beth Zion, Buffalo, N. Y.; for five years ofCongregation B'nai Jeshurun, Newark, N. J.; and for two yearsof Congregation Oheb Sholem, Newark, N. J. Address: 25-33East 99th, New York.

*Schorr, Saul. Elected Rabbi of the Congregation House ofIsrael, Sharon, Pa.

*Schwanenfeld, J. S. Elected Cantor of Baltimore Hebrew Con-gregation, Baltimore, Md.

Sessler, Morris. Rabbi (since 1904) of Temple Israel, Jones-boro, Ark. Born August 16, 1850, at Freistadt a/d. Waag, Hun-gary. Son of David Sessler and Josephine Weiss. Studied atPressburg, Budapest, Vienna, and University of Pennsylvania(B. A., 1876). Married Louisa Cahn (deceased). Has held posi-tions in Alexandria, Va.; Wheeling, W. Va.; Providence, R. I.;and New Orleans, La. Address: Jonesboro, Ark.

Silber, Mendel. Rabbi (since 1904) of Temple Emanuel, Du-luth, Minn. Born December 10, 1882, in Lithuania, Russia. Sonof Jacob Silber and Esther Mipoz. Studied at Talmudical Col-leges in Russia; at Gymnasium, Frankfort on the Main, 1895-1900;B. A., 1904, University of Cincinnati; Rabbi, 1904, Hebrew UnionCollege. Officiated at Temple Emanuel, Duluth, 1902; rabbi ofCongregation Ahavath Achim, Cincinnati, O., 1902-1904. Contrib-uted articles, 1902-1903, to the Hebrew Union College Journal, of


which he was co-editor; and Hebrew Union College Annual, 1904,of which he is assistant editor. Ready for publication: ElijahGaon of Wilna. Address: Duluth, Minn.

*Silverman, Maurice. Elected Cantor of Congregation Sons ofJacob, Salem, Mass., in 1904.

Simon, Abram. Rabbi of Temple Israel, Omaha, Neb., andCongregation B'nai Jeshurun, Lincoln, Neb., elected Rabbi of theWashington (D. C.) Hebrew Congregation, in 1904.

Solomon, Elias Louis. Rabbi of Congregation Beth Mordecai,Perth Amboy, N. J. Born May, 1879, at Wilna, Russia. Son ofJacob Solomon and Helen Frankfurt. Educated at Hebrew School.Jerusalem; Machzikei Talmud Torah, New York; Jewish Theo-logical Seminary of America (Rabbi, 1904); New York publicschools; College City of New York (A. B., 1900); and ColumbiaUniversity. Spent childhood in Jerusalem. One of the foundersand now serving second term as president of the Jewish EndeavorSociety of America. Rabbinical dissertation: The Halachic Con-ception of Minhag and its Application in Rabbinical Law. Ad-dress: 213 East Broadway, New York.

Spiegel, Adolph. Rabbi of Congregation Shaari Zedek, NewYork City, elected Rabbi of Congregation Etz Haim of Yorkville,New York, in 1904.

*Stern, Jacob Ludwig. Resigns from Be'er Chayim Congrega-tion, Cumberland, Md., July, 1904.

Stern, Nathan. Rabbi, since 1904, of The Hebrew Congregationof Marion, Ind., "and of Congregation Rodef Sholom, Wabash, Ind.Born February 12, 1878, New York City. Son of Julius Stern andJeanette Young. Educated at the public schools of New York,and Halsey's Collegiate School, New York. B. A., 1898; M. A.,1899; Ph.D., 1901, Columbia University. Studied also at St.John's College, Cambridge, Eng. Rabbinical education at JewishTheological Seminary of America, and Hebrew Union College(Rabbi, 1904). Author: The Jewish Historico-Critical School ofthe Nineteenth Century. Address: Marion, or Wabash, Ind.

Stollnitz, Henry Sande. Rabbi of Congregation Adath Emuno,Hoboken, N. J., elected Rabbi of Congregation Beth El, Corsicana,Texas, 1903. Address: P. O. Box, 474, Corsicana, Tex.

Taubenhaus, Godfrey. Rabbi of Congregation Shaarey Zedek,Brooklyn. Born in 1856, at Warsaw, Poland. Son of Benjamin


Taubenhaus and Esther Danziger. Educated in Warsaw underRabbi Samuel Hirsh; at Berlin under Dr. Kirstein and ProfessorDr. Ludwig Geiger; also attended Eger Institute, and the Rab-binical Seminary, Berlin, and pursued a course in philosophy atthe University of Berlin. Married Carrie Strauss. Held posi-tions as Rabbi in Paducah, Ky.; Dayton, Ohio; Sacramento, Cal.;Brooklyn and New York, N. Y. Organized benevolent societiesin Paducah, Ky., and Dayton, Ohio; was grand president OrderKesher Shel Barzel, in California; introduced Sabbath afternoonservices in the Brooklyn Orphan Asylum; was instrumental inthe establishment of the Brownsville Kindergarten under theCouncil of Jewish Women, the nucleus of the Educational Society.Author: A paper on Judaism in The Church of America; Echoesof Wisdom (Talmudic sayings with classical parallels); Hints onGeneral History; The Jew in Politics; Milat Gerim, etc. Revisedninth volume of Rodkinson's Talmud. Address: 1195 BostonRoad, Bronx, New York.

Warsaw, Isidor. Resigns as Rabbi of Congregation Beth Te-filloh, Brunswick, Ga., in 1904.

Weinstock, Isidore H. Cantor (since 1901) of K. K. BeneYeshurun, Cincinnati, 0. Born 1871, at Yanova, Russian Poland.Son of Hersch Isaac Weinstock and Rebecca Leah Glouzer. Studiedat various Talmudical Colleges in Poland; music under Draginskyin Warsaw, and in conservatories in New York and Cincinnati.Pursued a two years course in theory of music at the Universityof Pennsylvania. Cantor in Congregation Beth Israel, Philadel-phia, 1897; Congregation B'nai Jeshurun, New York, 1900. Com-poser: The Prayer of the Repentant (solo for Atonement Day).Address: 731 West 8th, Cincinnati, Ohio.

Weiss, Louis. Resigns as Rabbi of Congregation Beth Israel,Palestine, Tex., in 1904.

Wolf, Nathan. Rabbi of Congregation Adath Emuno, Hoboken,N. J. Born March 8, 1877, at Angelthuern, Baden. Son of Bern-hard Wolf and Hannah Brettenheimer. Ph. B., 1900, New YorkUniversity; M. A., 1902, Columbia University; Rabbi, 1902, JewishTheological Seminary of America. Was teacher at EducationalAlliance, New York; superintendent Monteflore Hebrew School,New York. Address: 710 Bloomfleld, Hoboken, N. J.

*Yasgour, Louis. Rabbi of Congregation Brethren of Israel,Poughkeepsie, N. Y.( elected Rabbi of Congregation Kneseth Is-rael, Birmingham, Ala., in 1903.


NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

The Secretaries or other officers of the National Organizations,including the branches of the Alliance Israelite Universelle, wererequested to compile an account of the work done by their re-spective associations during 1903-04 (5664), for publication in thepresent issue of the AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK. The accountscompiled from the newspaper clippings and printed reports sentby some in response to the request are marked with an aster-isk (*). A dagger (f) indicates those taken from any availablesource in the absence of an official response.

ALLIANCE ISRAELITE UNIVERSELLEBALTIMORE BRANCH

The Baltimore Branch of the Alliance Israelite Universellesent the Central Committee at Paris its annual remittanceof $250.00. The membership of the Branch is 139.

OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS: President, Dr. Harry Frie-denwald; Vice-President, Simon Dalsheimer; Treasurer,Wm. Levy; Secretary, B. H. Hartogensis, 204 North Cal-vert, Baltimore, Md.; Reverends A. Guttmacher, Wm.Rosenau, Chas. A. Rubenstein, H. W. Schneeberger, andA. Kaiser; Isaac Davidson, Silas M. Fleischer, Louis J.Cohen, T. Silberman, Dr. Jos. Blum, Z. Hofheimer, M. S.Levy, L. Kaufman, J. Rotholtz, L. Schiff, Benj. Cohen,Jonas Hamburger, and Louis B. Kohn.

HONORARY DIRECTORS: Rev. Dr. S. Schaffer, and Dr.A. B. Arnold (deceased).

BOSTON BRANCHNo report received. President, Godfrey Morse; Secretary,

Philip Rubinstein, 30 Court.

ELMIRA BRANCHAt the instance of Benjamin F. Levy an Elmira Branch of the

Alliance Israelite Universelle was organized in January,1904, with a membership of over sixty.

ALLIANCE ISRAELITE UNIVERSELLE

This branch, besides making remittance to the Parisheadquarters, provides for an emergency fund.

On April 7, 1904, a public meeting was held by theAlliance Israelite at the High St. Temple to protestagainst the Lodge immigration amendments, in whichit was provided that only a citizen of this country canbe instrumental in bringing to this country other personsfrom abroad. The outcome of the meeting was that Mr.Levy communicated with Senator Lodge, pointing out tohim the obvious injustice of such a measure.

At a meeting held on May 22, 1904, the Elmira Branchof the Alliance Israelite Universelle adopted resolutionscalling on this Government to obtain from Russia suchuniformity of treatment and protection as may tend tosecure the honoring of American passports by the Rus-sian Government, irrespective of the religious faith oftheir holders.

OFFICERS: President, Benjamin F. Levy; Vice-Presi-dents, Harris Levine and S. J. Friendly; Treasurer, F.Lande; Secretary, Jonas Jacobs, M. D.

HOBOKEN BRANCHThrough the instrumentality of Andrew Vogel an Alliance

Israelite Universelle organization meeting was held onMay 25, 1904, at Hoboken, N. J.

OFFICERS: President, Asher Cohen Fisher; Treasurer,the Rev. Nathan Wolf; Recording Secretary, Jacob Sha-piro; Corresponding Secretary, Andrew Vogel, 316 Second.

JERSEY CITY BRANCHOn January 3, 1904, Nissim Bfihar, American Representative

of the Alliance Israelite Universelle, assisted by the Sec-retary, Abraham H. Simon, organized a Jersey CityBranch of the Alliance Israelite Universelle, with a mem-bership of about fifty.

A public meeting was held March 27, 1904, to protestagainst Russia's discrimination against American citizensof the Jewish faith, and to acquaint the public withthe persecutions Jews endure in Russia. CongressmenMcDermott and Benny of New Jersey, Ferdinand Levy,Grand Master of the Independent Order Sons of Benjamin,and a number of other prominent persons addressed let-ters to the meeting endorsing the movement, and express-ing sympathy with the persecuted Jews.

Among the speakers were Representative Goldfogle ofNew York, ex-Mayor Hoos, Assistant Corporation Attor-ney Goldenhorn, and others.


The meeting adopted resolutions pledging assistance tothe Alliance in its efforts for the betterment of the con-dition of Jews, and calling upon the Government to useits influence to induce the Government of Russia to with-draw its discrimination against American citizens of theJewish faith.

OFFICERS: President, Ignatz Hyman; Vice-Presidents,H. Babchin and A. J. Goldstein; Treasurer, S. Kleinhaus;Secretary, Dr. B. J. Pollok, 241 Grove, Jersey City, N. J.

PHILADELPHIA BRANCH

A draft of Fr. 2571.85 was sent to Paris, the income derivedby the Philadelphia Branch from the Federation of Jew-ish Charities of the city.

OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS.—President, Moses A. Dropsie;Vice-President, D. Sulzberger; Treasurer, A. M. Frechie;Secretary, Horace A. Nathans (deceased); David Teller,Raphael Brunswick, A. M. Kohn, Rev. Dr. M. Jastrow(deceased), Rev. Dr. Henry Berkowitz, Isaac Rosskam,Levi Mayer, Louis Gerstley, and J. I. Burnstine.

NEW YORK BRANCH

A public meeting was held by the New York Branch of theAlliance Israelite Universelle on February 17, 1904, inthe Educational Alliance, presided over by PresidentLouis Marshall, for the purpose of denouncing the atti-tude of Russia in refusing to admit American citizensof Jewish faith provided with American passports; andalso to protest against the proposed restriction of immi-gration.

Among the speakers were Frank Moss, the Rev. H.Masliansky, and Jos. M. Baum, president of the IsraeliteAlliance of America.

Mr. Marshall read a letter from the Department ofState at Washington, D. C, addressed to the IsraeliteAlliance, stating that the Government of the UnitedStates had given instructions to its representatives inPersia and Morocco to use the good offices of the UnitedStates in favor of the inhabitants of Persia and Moroccowho do not profess the dominant religion of those coun-tries. This step in the Government's policy was broughtabout by a series of letters exchanged between the Israel-ite Alliance of America and the Department of State.

The propaganda carried on during the year by Mr.Nissim Bghar, the American Representative of theAlliance, was devoted to acquainting Jews living in

AMERICAN JEWISH HISTORICAL SOCIETY 229

towns in the vicinity of New York City with the aimsand objects of the Alliance Israelite Universelle and in-ducing them to appoint standing committees in the vari-ous cities for the purpose of helping persecuted Jews.

OFFICERS: President, Louis Marshall; Treasurer, A. S.Solomons; Secretary, Rev. Dr. H. Pereira Mendes, 70 Cen-tral Park West, New York City; American Representativeof the central body, Nissim Behar, 177 High, Brooklyn,N. Y.; American Secretary, S. P. Frank.

WORCESTER BRANCHThe Worcester Branch of the Alliance Israelite Universelle

held a mass meeting December 13, 1903, to protest againstRussia's discrimination against American passports andpass resolutions disapproving Senator Lodge's Bill, whichseeks further to restrict immigration. Speakers at themeeting were Dr. Van Horn, a Protestant minister, andDavid A. Lourie, a director of the Boston Branch of theAlliance Israelite Universelle.

Copies of resolutions protesting against the Lodge Billand the passport situation were sent to President Roose-velt, to Secretary of State John Hay, and to members ofCongress.

The annual meeting was held April 3, 1904. The speak-ers were Dr. G. Stanley Hall, of Clark University; RabbiSamuel Hirshberg, and David A. Lourie, of Boston.

OFFICERS: President and Secretary, Bernard Wolko-wich, 193 Front; Vice-President, Max Feiga; Treasurer,L. Morell.

AMERICAN JEWISH HISTORICAL SOCIETYThe Twelfth Annual Meeting of the American Jewish Histori-

cal Society was held in New York City, March 20-21, 1904, afterarrangements had been made to meet at Baltimore on Lincoln'sBirthday, which were changed on account of the Baltimore fire.The first session was held Sunday evening the 20th, in the VestryRooms of the Spanish and Portuguese Synagogue. Dr. CyrusAdler, President of the Society, was in the chair, and deliveredthe presidential annual address at the opening session.

The Corresponding Secretary, Mr. Max J. Kohler, reported thatthe Society has on its rolls 237 members: 7 Honorary, 26 Corre-sponding, 3 Life, and 201 Regular Members. It lost 11 membersduring the year by death, resignation, and non-payment of dues,and 7 Regular Members and 1 Corresponding Member were electedduring the same period.

15


Professor Richard J. H. Gottheil, Treasurer, reported that theSociety's receipts during the year ending October 1, 1903 (includ-ing a balance on hand October 1, 1902, of $1120.36), aggregated$1968.07, and its expenditures were $841.57, leaving a balance of$1126.50 besides a special fund of $2404.86. In addition to theseamounts $1500 insurance money was collected by the Society, byreason of the destruction by fire of its " Publications " in Balti-more.

Professor J. H. Hollander, Chairman of the Publication Com-mittee, reported that vol. 11 of the Society's " Publications " hadjust been issued and distributed, its appearance having beendelayed by the fire aforementioned. Considerable additionalmaterial to make up a further volume was reported to be in thepossession of the Committee.

Mr. Leon Htihner, Curator, reported that arrangements hadbeen completed with the Jewish Theological Seminary of Americafor storing the Society's " Collections " in the fire-proof buildingof that institution, a separate room having been set aside for theuse of the Society.

A resolution was adopted, directing the issuance of a circular tomembers and other friends of the Society, calling their attentionto the fact that the Society was able properly to house suchbooks, manuscripts, prints, medals, and other objects of historicinterest, as persons interested might desire to entrust to it, andthat in this way efforts might be made to enlarge its collections.The circular was also to call attention to the Society's desire tosecure back volumes of its " Publications " by gift or otherwise,to replace the stock lost by fire.

On recommendation of the Council of the Society, the followingresolution was adopted:

" That the American Jewish Historical Society views withfavor proposals concerning the collection of statistical informa-tion concerning the Jews of America, and authorizes the appoint-ment of a committee to co-operate with other organizationshaving a like purpose."

The President appointed, to constitute such committee, Pro-fessor J. H. Hollander, Chairman; Joseph Jacobs, Esq., andProfessor Morris Loeb.

A resolution was also adopted providing for the appointmentof a Committee of five, to take up the subject of indexing Ameri-can Jewish periodicals, with power to add to their number. ThePresident appointed, to constitute such committee, Max J. Kohler,Esq., Chairman; A. S. Freidus, Esq.; George A. Kohut, Esq.; MissS. X. Schottenfels, and A. M. Friedenberg, Esq. The Committeesubsequently added to its numbers Mr. Joseph Jacobs, Miss Hen-rietta Szold, and Mr. Julian Isaacs.

AMERICAN JEWISH HISTORICAL SOCIETY 231

An invitation to hold the next annual meeting of the Societyin Cincinnati, Ohio, from the Honorable Julius Fleishman, Mayorof Cincinnati, was read and referred to the Executive Council foraction.

Necrologies of deceased members were read and submitted asfollows:

Of the Honorable Andrew H. Green, by the Honorable N. TaylorPhillips; of the Rev. Dr. M. Jastrow, by Miss Henrietta Szold,and of Horace A. Nathans, by David Sulzberger, Esq.

The following papers were read:Wm. B. Hackenburg, Esq., Philadelphia: Outlines of a Plan to

Gather Statistics Concerning the Jews of the United States.Rev. Alfred G. Moses, Mobile, Ala.: The History of the Jews

of Mobile.I. S. Isaacs, Esq., New York: Edward Woolf, Musician and

Author.Leon Huhner, Esq., New York' Isaac de Pinto.Honorable Myer S. Isaacs, New York: A Jewish Army Chaplain.J. D. Eisenstein, Esq., New York: Russian Jewish Immigrants

in American Commerce and Industry.Albert M. Friedenberg, Esq., New York: Calendar of American

Jewish Leading Cases.Rev. George A. Kohut, New York: Some Unknown American

Jewish Authors (mostly from manuscript sources).Max J. Kohler, Esq., New York: Judah P. Benjamin, American

Jewry's Most Distinguished Statesman, Orator, and Lawyer.Dr. Herbert Friedenwald, Philadelphia: The Banishment of

Jews from the Island of St. Eustatius (W. I.) in 1781.Leon Huhner, Esq., New York: Naturalization of Jews in New

York under the Act of 1740.Elkan Adler, Esq., Lonaon, England: The Inquisition in Peru.Dr. Cyrus Adler, Washington, D. C : Further Documents Con-

cerning the Mexican Inquisition.Also the following, which were read by title:Albert M. Friedenberg, Esq., New York: The Jews of Per-

nambuco.Leon Huhner, Esq., New York: The Struggle for Religious

Liberty in North Carolina with Special Reference to the Jews.Max J. Kohler, Esq., New York: Phases in the History of

Religious Liberty in America with Particular Reference to theJews.

Rev. George A. Kohut, New York: Two Autograph Letters:(a) A Letter from the Rev. Gershom Mendes Seixas to hisBrother, 1790; (b) A Circular Appeal from S. H. Jackson, Editorof The Jew, dated 1823, on behalf of his Periodical. UnpublishedLetters which Passed between Ezra Stiles and Rabbi Carregal.


Joseph Lebowich, Esq., Cambridge, Mass.: The Jews in Bostontill 1875; Leopold Morse.

Mrs. Helen Wise Molony, Cincinnati: A Simile—A Poem con-tributed by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow to The AmericanIsraelite, April 26, 1861.

Henry Necarsulmer, Esq., New York: Disenfranchisement ofthe Jews of New York in 1737.

Sol. M. Stroock, Esq., New York: American Jews in China andJapan.

OFFICERS AND EXECUTIVE COUNCIL: President, Dr. Cyrus Adler;Vice-Presidents, Honorable Simon W. Rosendale, Rev. Dr. B.Felsenthal, Professor Charles Gross, Professor Richard J. H.Gottheil; Corresponding Secretary, Max J. Kohler, Esq., 119 Nas-sau, New York City; Recording Secretary, Dr. Herbert Frieden-wald; Treasurer, Honorable N. Taylor Phillips; Curator, LeonHiihner, Esq.; Honorable Mayer Sulzberger, Professor MorrisJastrow, Jr., Honorable Simon Wolf, Professor J. H. Hollander,John Samuel, Esq., the Rev. Dr. David Philipson, the Rev. HenryCohen, Professor Morris Loeb, Honorable Myer S. Isaacs (de-ceased); also, Honorable Oscar S. Straus, ex oflicio, as PastPresident of the Society.

BARON DE HIRSCH FUNDDuring 1903-1904 the Baron de Hirsch Fund Committee con-

tinued its fourfold work: I. Reception of immigrants; II. Englisheducation; III. Mechanical education; IV. Productive work in itsagricultural and industrial department, with its leading educa-tional feature, the Woodbine Agricultural and Industrial School.(For a full description see AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK, 5663,pp. 90-96.)

MECHANICAL EDUCATION

During 1903 there were graduated 195 students at the Baronde Hirsh Trade School, New York City, and in July, 1904, 98, mak-ing a total of 1083 since the establishment of the school in 1890.

In the last class graduated, 26 students completed the coursein the electrical department; 24 in the plumbing department;18 in the machinist department; 10 in the sign painting depart-ment; 7 in the carpenter department; 7 in the patternmaking de-partment; and 6 in the house and fresco painting department.

The weekly average of the wages received immediately aftergraduation by the 351 graduates of the last four classes but one is$7.29.

Advisory Committee: Alfred R. Wolff, chairman; Charles B.Meyers, A. S. Solomons, J. Ernest G. Yalden, and Julian Isaacs.

BARON DB HlRSCH FUND

(For Curriculum, etc., see AMERICAN JEWISH YEAS BOOK, 5664,p. 115.)

WOODBINEThe year 1903 was an important year for Woodbine, New Jersey.

It found it a settlement in the Township of Dennis: it left it aBorough in the County of Cape May, and the year 1904 witnesseda growth unparalleled in the history of the settlement.

During 1903-1904, 20 houses were built in the town, making atotal of 226. Only 13 of these belong to the Baron de HirschFund. Eighteen are rented, and the balance, over 85 per cent, areoccupied by the owners. The total estimated cost of these housesis $200,000, of which amount more than one-third has been paidby the owners. Bach house is surrounded by a garden and alawn; and some are covered with ivy, grapes, or rambler roses.

The Borough of Woodbine celebrated, in a fitting manner, thetenth anniversary of its birth by passing an ordinance providingfor the building of a Central School House at a cost of $15,000.It will have a large hall for dancing and social entertainmentsof all sorts, and two smaller rooms for the social work of Debat-ing Clubs, Reading Circles, etc., together with recreation grounds,equipped with tennis courts, base ball grounds, etc. There arealso among the organizations doing excellent social work a Girls'Club, a Mothers' Club, and Reading Circles. The school housewhen completed in November, 1904, will be the only High Schoolwithin a radius of sixteen miles. Besides the Central School thereare at present in the Borough of Woodbine five school houses,with an aggregate of thirteen rooms, an enrollment of 413 pupils,and an average daily attendance of 388. Also a night school, withan enrollment of 55, and a kindergarten are maintained by theBoard of Education. The number of graduates from the publicschools was 16, 30 per cent of the total number in Cape MayCounty, with its 15,000 inhabitants as against Woodbine's 2500.

The Borough of Woodbine now has two synagogues, one a largebrick building, the other a frame building recently purchasedfrom a Christian congregation. Rabbi B. L. Levinthal, of Phila-delphia, has been elected Chief Rabbi of Woodbine, and a househas been built for him to serve as his summer residence.

The majority of the residents are employed in the industrialestablishments of Daniel and Blumenthal, which employs 200hands; the Quaker City Knitting Company, employing 115 hands;Ingber and Wertheimer, manufacturers of ladies' garments, 50hands; the M. L. Bayard Machine Shop, 26 hands; The Wood-bine Beef and Storage Company, 13 hands; Paper Box Factory, 7hands; Woodbine Cigar Company, 6 hands; Stone Brothers andCompany, Ladies' Garments, 6 hands; Soap Manufacturing Com-pany, 5 hands, and Hat Factory, 40 hands; making a total of 468


hands, who earn an average of $8.00 per week, $1.50 per weekmore than the average earnings of factory employees in theUnited States, as computed in the Annual Report for 1903 ofthe United States Commissioner of Labor. The total pay roll ofthe Woodbine industries for 1903 was $176,036.36.

At a recent election, Professor H. L. Sabsovich was re-electedmayor of the borough for the ensuing two years.

There are at present 42 farmers in Woodbine. One of themrealized $324.72, and several $125 and more, after paying all run-ning expenses during the past year.

THE BAEON DE HIESCH AGKICULTUEAL AND INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL

During 1903-1904, 182 pupils were enrolled in the Baron deHirsch Agricultural and Industrial School. Fifty-five were gradu-ated, 15 left the school before graduation, and 112 are at present atthe school. The average age of the pupils in 1903 was 17.1; in1902, it was 16.4; in 1901, 16.1, and in 1900,15.6. The status of thepupils in 1903 was as follows: orphans, 10; half-orphans, 28; withparents in Austria, 1; with parents in Roumania, 6; with parentsin Russia, 17; with parents in the United States, 78. All but oneare free pupils, and they are receiving tuition, room, board, cloth-ing, etc., during the entire term. The school has a dormitorywith a capacity of 100; a teachers' cottage; a dining hall; akitchen; a hospital, and other buildings, such as silos, barns,seed stores, blacksmithshop, two greenhouses, hot beds, etc. Theschool owns a herd of 23 cows, 2 bulls, 10 horses, 29 acres oforchards, 4 acres of nurseries, 4.5 acres of grapes, 4.5 acres ofsmall fruit, and about 600 fowls.

The pupils of the school have organized the De Hirsch Literaryand Debating Society, the Davidsonian Club, four football teams,two baseball teams, and a volunteer fire company.

(For further particulars regarding Woodbine and The Baronde Hirsch Agricultural and Industrial School, see AMEEICANJEWISH YEAE BOOK, 5664, pp. 115-116.)

TEUSTEES.—Acting President, Eugene S. Benjamin, New York;Vice-President, Jacob H. Schiff, New York; Treasurer, EmanuelLehman, New York; Honorary Secretary, Nathan Bijur, NewYork; Henry Rice, New York; Abraham Abraham, Brooklyn;William B. Hackenburg, Philadelphia; Mayer Sulzberger, Phila-delphia; Julius Goldman, New York (vice Myer S. Isaacs, de-ceased) ; Acting General Agent, Emanuel Marx, 45 Broadway, NewYork City; Superintendent Agricultural School, Professor H. L.Sabsovich.

Chairman of the Philadelphia Committee, William B. Hacken-burg; Chairman of the Baltimore Committee, Moses Pels; Chair-

CENTRAL CONFERENCE OF AMERICAN RABBIS 235

man of the St. Louis Committee, Elias Michael; Chairman of theBoston Committee, Ferdinand Strauss. The Fund co-operates inother cities with existing societies when circumstances warrant.

THE CENTRAL CONFERENCE OF AMERICAN RABBISThe Fifteenth Annual Convention of the Central Conference of

American Rabbis was held June 26-30, 1904, at Louisville, Ky.Fifty-eight Rabbis were in attendance.

The Treasurer reported the receipts for the year to be $6288.61;expenditures, $4094.18; amount in treasury, $13,021.00.

The Publication Committee reported the sale of 4812 volumesof the Union Prayer Book, 97 copies of the Mourner's Service, and1613 copies of the Union Hymnal.

During the year 8 congregations adopted the Union PrayerBook, and the Book is now in use in 183 congregations.

The following papers were read:" Reform Judaism and the Recent Jewish Immigrant," by

Rabbi A. Hirschberg." A Proposed Change in the Selection of Weekly Portions of

Scriptures," by Rabbi M. H. Harris." Some Jewish Questions of the Day," by Rabbi B. Felsenthal." Religious Conditions in Scattered Communities," by Rabbi

G. Zepin." Life of Sulzer," by Rabbi A. Guttman." Sulzer's Music," by the Rev. A. Kaiser.The following Committees submitted reports:" Contemporaneous History," Professor G. Deutsch." Seder Haggadah," Rabbi H. Berkowitz." On Synod," Rabbi H. G. Enelow.The Conference Sermon was delivered by the Rev. Dr. D.

Philipson, Cincinnati.Cleveland was chosen for the next Annual Convention, on June

27, 1905.The Bloch Publishing Co., of New York, was chosen to be the

Sole Agent of all the Publications of the Conference.OFFICERS AND EXECUTIVE BOARD.—Honorary President, K. Koh-

ler, Cincinnati, O.; President, J. Krauskopf, Philadelphia; FirstVice-President, J. Stolz, Chicago, 111.; Second Vice-President, J.Voorsanger, San Francisco, Cal.; Treasurer, Chas. Levi, Peoria,111.; Recording Secretary, A. Guttmacher, Bolton and NewingtonAvs., Baltimore, Md.; Corresponding Secretary, Wm. Rosenau,825 Newington Av., Baltimore, Md.; H. G. Enelow, Louisville,Ky.; L. M. Franklin, Detroit, Mich.; L. Grossmann, Cincinnati, O.;M. L. Margolis, San Francisco, Cal.; D. Philipson, Cincinnati, O.;


M. Samfield, Memphis Tenn.; T. Schanfarber, Chicago, 111.;J. SUverman, New York City.

COMMITTEE ON PUBLICATIONS.—J. Stolz, I. S. Moses, J. Silverman.TRUSTEES or MINISTERS' FUND.—J. Krauskopf, M. H. Harris, R.

Grossmann.

COUNCIL OF JEWISH WOMENThe work of the Council of Jewish Women during 5664 was

pursued along the lines laid down at the Third Biennial Conven-tion of December, 1902.

NEW SECTIONS.—During the year four new Sections were organ-ized, at Baton Rouge, La.; Lexington, Ky.; Macon, Ga.; and St.Francisville, La., making sixty-eight Sections in all.

JUNIOR SECTIONS.—The number of Junior Sections is sixteenat Boston, Mass.; Bradford, Pa.; Chicago, 111.; Cincinnati, O.Dayton, O.; Denver, Colo.; Elmira, N. Y.; Greenville, Miss.Kansas City, Mo.; Louisville, Ky.; New York City; San Fran-cisco, Cal.; Shreveport, La.; Sioux City, la.; Toronto, Can.; andWashington, D. C. They include a membership of six hundred,and sustain twenty-one Study Circles, all studying Jewish history,Jewish literature, and the Bible. Five circles report ReligiousSchool work, Settlement work, and an Industrial School. TheLouisville Junior Section held a public Seder in the Temple.

NEW ACTIVITIES AND ACHIEVEMENTS.—The Boston Section fur-nishes a Probation officer for Juvenile Court work; the CincinnatiSection has been active in securing the passage of a JuvenileCourt Law in Ohio; the New York City Section is prosecutingvigorous rescue and preventive work among Jewish girls, main-taining a teacher of religion at the Bedford Reformatory forWomen and at the House of Refuge on Randall's Island, and apaid worker in the Juvenile Court and the Police Court, wholooks after girls and women and gives especial attention to un-married mothers; through the Baron de Hirsch Fund Committeeit has secured the appointment of a woman to be stationed atEllis Island for the- purpose of meeting, guarding, and servingimmigrant women and girls; the Philadelphia Section has openedand is maintaining an Industrial Home for Girls, which wasestablished and equipped by Mrs. Kirschbaum and her family;the Portland (Ore.) Section has erected a building, and main-tains a Manual Training School, which has developed from asmall class. In general, the Sections are engaging most vigor-ously in Rescue and Preventive Work for Girls.

The Council has co-operated with the Exposition Traveller'sAid Committee formed for the protection of girls stranded or indanger at St. Louis.

EDUCATIONAL LEAGUE 237

PUBLICATIONS.—1. "Program, 1904" (containing the reports ofthe Committees on Religion, on Philanthropy, on ReligiousSchools, on Reciprocity, and on Junior Sections); 2. "Organiza-tion Leaflet."

The Third Quinquennial Meeting of the International Congressof Women, held in June at Berlin, was attended by Mrs. HenrySolomon, the President of the Council of Jewish Women, asalternate to one of the delegates of the Council of Women of theUnited States, and Miss American, the Corresponding Secretaryof the Council of Jewish Women, spoke before the InternationalCongress on " The Juvenile Court." At London, on June 2, ameeting of the Jewish Study Society was convened at the houseof its President, Mrs. Henry Lucas, to greet Mrs. Solomon andMiss American. In Berlin, on June 15, Mrs. Solomon and MissAmerican were among the speakers who addressed a meetingthat had been called to deliberate upon the formation of a" Jiidischer Frauenbund," and on June 20, Miss American ex-plained the aims and activities of the Council of Jewish Womento a Convention of the " Verband fur jiidische Wohlthatigkeits-pflege."

OFFICERS AND DIEECTOES.—President, Hannah G. Solomon (Mrs.Henry), 4406 Michigan Av., Chicago, 111.; First Vice-President,Pauline H. Rosenberg (Mrs. Hugo), Allegheny, Pa.; Second Vice-President, Mrs. Moses Goldenberg, Baltimore, Md.; RecordingSecretary, Gertrude Berg, Philadelphia, Pa.; Corresponding Secre-tary, Sadie American, 448 Central Park West, New York City;Treasurer, Rebecca Judah (Mrs. J. B.), 639 Fifth, Louisville,Ky.; Auditor, Mrs. Ben Lowenstein, Cincinnati, O. Directors(1903-1909): Mrs. Eli Strouse, Baltimore, Md.; Mrs. M. Lands-berg, Rochester, N. Y.; Mrs. M. C. Sloss, San Francisco, Cal.; Mrs.M. Schwab, Cleveland, O.; Mrs. Seraphine Pisko, Denver, Colo.Those holding over (1900-1906) are: Miss Mary Cohen, Phila-delphia, Pa.; Miss Jeannette Goldberg, Jefferson, Texas; Mrs.Joseph Ransohoff, Cincinnati, O. To fill unexpired terms: Mrs.Jacob Hecht, Boston, Mass.; Mrs. Melida Pappe, Sioux City, Iowa.

CHAIRMEN OF STANDING COMMITTEES.—On Religion, Miss EvelynKate Aronson, 1348 Geary, San Francisco, Cal.; on Philanthropy,Miss Rose Sommerfeld, 225 East Sixty-third, New York, N. Y.;on Junior Sections, Miss Jeannette Goldberg, Jefferson, Texas;on Religious Schools, Mrs. Joseph Steinem, 119 Fifteenth, Toledo,O.; on Reciprocity, Miss Mary Cohen, 1922 Rittenhouse, Phila-delphia, Pa.

* EDUCATIONAL LEAGUEThe Educational League for the Higher Education of Orphans

with headquarters in Cleveland, O., was organized in 1896, and its16


first annual meeting was held in July, 1897. On June 30, 1903,it counted 1218 members, chiefly girls and boys, living in 58towns, in the following states: Alabama, Arkansas, Colorado,Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Michigan, Min-nesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New York, North Dakota,Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, and Wisconsin, and onemember each in Canada and Germany. Among the members are5 Honorary Life Members, 127 Patron Members, and 1086 Con-tributing Members.

The chief purpose of the Educational League is to give talentedyoung men and young women a chance to develop their powers.The benefits of the organization are restricted to orphans. As-sistance has been given to seven young men and one youngwoman; two students of medicine, one of whom is now a practi-cing physician; two art students, one of whom is doing newspaperwork; one is studying for the ministry; one is a student of den-tistry; one is studying music, and one student of science, whohas returned the loan made to him.

In connection with the Educational League, local " SunshineClubs " have been organized among the members, for the purposeof inculcating the idea of " personal service," and emphasizing" the underlying thought of the League, that it is a work ofchildren for children."

A plan for awarding scholarships in art and technical schoolsis now being held under consideration.

The balance in the treasury on December 16, 1903, was $5989.69.The Eighth Annual Meeting of the Board of Governors was

held July 11, 1904, at Cleveland, O. During the year one of theLeague's beneficiaries was graduated from a well-known medicalcollege with the highest honors of his class. Several additionalapplications were received by the Board, one from Illinois, inbehalf of a young woman desirous of securing a Normal Schoolcourse to fit her for Kindergarten work, another from Indiana, inbehalf of a young woman desiring to become a teacher of science,and a third from Ohio, in behalf of a young man who wishes topursue a course at college. The first two were acted upon favor-ably, the last was referred to a local board for consideration.

Increased membership was reported from ten towns.OFFICERS AND BOARD OF GOVERNORS.—President, Rabbi Moses J.

Gries, Cleveland, O.; Vice-President, S. Grabfelder, Louisville,Ky.; Treasurer, Dr. S. Wolfenstein, Cleveland, O.; Acting Secre-tary, F. H. Jones (Address: Educational League, Cleveland, O.);Selma Altheimer, St. Louis, Mo.; Myrtle Baer, Milwaukee, Wis.;Alfred J. Benesh, Cleveland, Ohio; Mrs. Rosalie Cohen, Colum-bus, Ohio; Nathan Cohn, Nashville, Tenn.; Rabbi Leo M. Frank-lin, Detroit, Mich.; Philip W. Frey, Evansville, Ind.; Isaac G.

FEDERATION OF AMERICAN ZIONISTS 239

Haas, Cleveland, Ohio; M. Heyman, New Orleans, La.; Mrs.Michael Heller, Cleveland, Ohio; Henry Greenebaum, Chicago,111.; Simon Greenebaum, Cincinnati, Ohio; Minnie Halle, Cleve-land, Ohio; Sol S. Kiser, Indianapolis, Ind.; Louis S. Levi,Cincinnati, Ohio; Rabbi Leo Mannheimer, Chattanooga, Tenn.;Martin A. Marks, Cleveland, Ohio; Beatrice Moss, Cleveland,Ohio; Emil Nathan, Memphis, Tenn.; Mrs. Jacob Ottenheimer,Cincinnati, Ohio; Sidney Pritz, Cincinnati, Ohio; Bertha Rosen-feld, Cleveland, Ohio; Anna Roth, Toledo, Ohio; Rabbi Isaac L.Rypins, St. Paul, Minn.; Rabbi Tobias Schanfarber, Chicago, 111.;Helen H. Schwab, St. Louis, Mo.; Rabbi Abram Simon, Washing-ton, D. C; Sidney Stearn, Cleveland, Ohio; E. F. Westheimer,St. Joseph, Mo.; Rabbi Louis Wolsey, Little Rock, Ark.

FEDERATION OF AMERICAN ZIONISTSThe Seventh Annual Convention of the Federation of Ameri-

can Zionists was held June 3-7, 1904, at Germania Hall, Cleve-land, O. The Convention was noteworthy not only for the repe-tition of the enthusiasm referred to in last year's report, but foran increase in the delegation. The Credentials Committee re-ported 188 delegates as being present. Owing to the illness ofProfessor Richard Gottheil, Mr. G. H. Mayer, Eastern Vice-Presi-dent, presided, occasionally resigning the chair to Mr. LeonZolotkoff, Western Vice-President. A long message from Dr.Herzl on the East African question and the presidential addressof Professor Gottheil were read, the latter followed by a vote ofthanks acknowledging his services as President of the Federation.It was also resolved to record Professor Gottheil's name in theGolden Book of the National Fund.

The Executive Council report showed that 308 organizationsare regularly and completely affiliated with the Federation, 65 ofthem under the control of the Order Knights of Zion; the netgain of new organizations during the year was 102 societies. Thereport showed in much detail the changes in figures that hadtaken place in the number of organizations, and described theeffects of the Constitution passed last year, creating the localcouncils, of which there are now nine. The income from allsources was $6339.68, the balance in hand being $497.96. TheShekel Day receipts equalled payment for 7356 shekel payers,which, together with the regular payment of shekel taxes, broughtthe total up to 14,000 shekel payers; and the real membership ofthe movement in America to about 21,000 members. The reportfurther showed the receipts on account of the National Fund tobe a considerable gain on last year, and the sale of 802 Jewish


Colonial Trust shares also a gain on last year's sales; paymentson Golden Book entries amounted to more than twice the amountremitted on the same account last year. It was further shownthat there had been a considerable advance in the general workof organization and the establishment of centres and Zion Homes,of which there are now four, in Pittsburg, Baltimore, Philadel-phia, and Cleveland.

The Committee on Education reported on the enlistment of 700boys in the ranks of the Jewish Boys' Brigade, and the Com-mittee on Organization on the grouping of the orthodox elementinto a " Mizrachi."

The Board of Deputies reported in detail on the work of thevarious councils, and the Convention itself carried out its workby means of sectional conferences. The other features of theConvention were the reading of the roll of all Zionists throughoutthe country who had died during the previous year; and the fur-ther amendment of the Constitution, providing: (a) for the re-naming of the Executive Council as Executive Committee; (b) forthe enlargement of the Executive Committee; (c) for the regula-tion of the number and election of the members; (d) for the crea-tion of departmental chairmanships, including a chairmanship forwomen's organizations; (e) for the denning of the work of everyofficer of the organization; (f) for the defining of the work oflocal councils, districts, and territorial boards, and of the Boardof Deputies; (g) for the issue of a membership card to everymember of the movement and of certificates of membership toeach organization.

Through the various conferences resolutions were brought inand approved for the founding of a Yiddish magazine, for thedevelopment of the work of the " Mizrachi," for the establish-ment of Hebrew classes and a system of tuition for Jewish chil-dren, and for the general supervision of the education of Jewishchildren throughout the country. It should be added that thislast phase of Zionist work attracted considerable attention, farmore than had been accorded it in any previous year.

One session of the Convention was given over to a paper byDr. Maurice Pishberg, of New York City, on " Physical Cultureand the Jews," and a presentation of views by Mr. Joseph SefC onRemoval Work.

A meeting was held of the stockholders of the Maccabsean Pub-lishing Company, at which the Directors reported considerableadvance in the position of the Company.

The Convention declined to discuss the East African project,but authorized the convening of a special Convention, if neces-sary, for the discussion of that issue when the Special Commis-

FEDERATION OF AMERICAN ZIONISTS 241

sion sent to investigate the East African domain shall have re-ported. In connection with this action the Convention renewedits pledges of loyalty to the leaders of the movement, expressedits satisfaction with the administration of Dr. Herzl, and recom-mended various steps for the regulation of the business of futureCongresses.

A large number of social functions were held in connection withthe Convention, and the delegates acknowledged the hospitality oftheir Cleveland co-workers.

When the news of Theodor Herzl's death reached this country,the President, Dr. Harry Friedenwald, issued a message to theFederation, and through the Secretary made a series of recom-mendations to the constituent organizations regarding the expres-sion of mourning. In obedience to these recommendations, thememory of the departed leader was honored by offerings at thesynagogue on Sabbath, July 16; memorial meetings were held inmany cities on Sunday, July 17; and memorial services (Hes-pedim) at the synagogues on the Ninth of Ab, Thursday, July 21.Also the whole month of Ab was observed as a period of mourn-ing by Zionist societies, and they countermanded all social affairspreviously arranged for.

OFFICERS.—President, Dr. Harry Friedenwald, Baltimore, Md.;Vice-President, Cyrus L. Sulzberger, New York City; HonoraryVice-Presidents, G. H. Mayer, Philadelphia, Pa.; Jonas Gross,Cleveland, O.; Professor Richard Gottheil, New York City; GeorgeTunkle, Augusta, Ga.; the Rev. Dr. Philip Klein, New York City;Leon Zolotkoff, Chicago, 111.; the Rev. Dr. Max Heller, NewOrleans, La.; the Rev. Dr. A. M. Radin, New York City; RabbiB. L. Levinthal, Philadelphia, Pa.; Rabbi A. M. Ashinsky, Pitts-burg, Pa.; the Rev. Dr. S. Schaffer, Baltimore, Md.; the Rev. Dr.B. Felsenthal, Chicago, 111.; Treasurer, E. W. Lewin-Epstein, NewYork City; Secretary, J. de Haas, 320 Broadway, New York City.

CHAIRMEN OF COMMITTEES.—On Propaganda, Dr. D. Blaustein,New York City; on National Fund, L. D. Livingston, New YorkCity; on Organization, L. Lipsky, New York City; on Education,A. H. Fromenson, New York City; on Women's Organizations,Miss E. Weinschenker, Chicago, 111.

DIRECTORS.—C. W. London, Baltimore, Md.; I. Kahanowitz,Greensburg, Pa.; M. L. Avner, Pittsburg, Pa.; M. Neaman, Pitts-burg, Pa.; E. J. Bromberg, Boston, Mass.; H. H. Levenson, Bos-ton, Mass.; S. Abel, New York City; D. H. Lieberman, New YorkCity; the Rev. S. Margolies, Cleveland, O.; J. H. Luria, NewYork City; P. P. Bregstone, Chicago, 111.; A. Kolinsky, Cleveland,O.; M. Rosenbaum, Philadelphia, Pa.; Dr. B. L. Singer, Phila-delphia, Pa.; the Rev. Dr. J. L. Magnes, Brooklyn, N. Y.


HEBREW SABBATH SCHOOL UNION OF AMERICAThe Hebrew Sabbath School Union of America held no session

during the past year. The next biennial meeting will be held inJanuary, 1905. During the year it issued a series of MidrashicLeaflets, prepared by Rabbi Abraham Rhine, of Hot Springs, Ark.

The Leaflets issued by the Union continue to be used in overa hundred schools throughout the country. Rabbi George Zepin,Director of Circuit Work for the Union of American HebrewCongregations, has found them of great assistance in organizingSabbath Schools in communities where none have existed hitherto.

OFFICERS.—President, the Rev. Dr. David Philipson, 852 Lin-coln Av., Cincinnati, O.; Treasurer, Simon Greenebaum; Secre-tary, Jacob Ottenheimer, 533 Walnut, Cincinnati, O.; AssistantSecretary, S. H. Goldenson.

f INDEPENDENT ORDER AHAWAS ISRAELNo report received. Grand Secretary, L. Herman, Germania

Bank Building, 190-194 Bowery, Rooms 207 and 211, New YorkCity.

* INDEPENDENT ORDER BRITH ABRAHAMThe Eighteenth Annual Convention of the Independent Order

Brith Abraham took place May 8, 1904, in New York City.According to the Report of the Grand Secretary, 31 new lodgeshad been formed during 1903, making the number of lodges 367;male lodges, 353; female lodges, 14; situated in 19 States and theDistrict of Columbia. The number of members was 69,957; malemembers, 36,200; female members, 33,757. From the end of 1903,until the assembling of the Convention, three lodges more hadbeen formed, and the membership had increased to 71,157. Themembership of the female lodges is 1364. The Reserve Fund nowstands at $168,506.40, the increase during 1903 having been$19,514.71. The receipts in the Endowment Fund and the Gen-eral Expense Fund amounted to $226,587.52, which with thebalance on hand at the beginning of the year made the availablefunds, $236,470.35. The expenditures on account of the same Fundswere $223,301.04, leaving on hand a balance of $13,169.31, ex-clusive of the Reserve Fund. The expenditures on account of theEndowment Fund were $203,150.00, in this sum being contained$199,000.00 for 398 death claims. The Age Fund stands at$9588.92.

At the Convention 548 delegates were present, among them 8female delegates. At the recommendation of the Grand Master,

INDEPENDENT ORDER FREE SONS OF ISRAEL 243

the constitution was amended so that the place of the next con-vention may be voted upon together with the balloting forofficers. The action of the Executive Committee in voting $500to the sufferers by the Baltimore fire was sanctioned. Appro-priations were voted to unfortunate members of the Order, andto the United Austrian Hebrew Charity Association, the Rouma-nian Hebrew Aid Association, and the Hebrew Immigrants AidAssociation. It was decided to institute a per capita tax of 2y2cents for the benefit of the National Jewish Hospital for Consump-tives, Denver, Colo. Voluntary subscriptions taken up during theConvention for the Hospital amounted to $606.00. During theyear the lodges had disbursed $97,624 for sick benefits, funeralexpenses, and assistance to the needy, $1500 had been sent toKishineff, $785 to the Passaic flood victims, and $5240.58 had beengiven to the indigent of the Order.

The next convention will be held at Boston, Mass.GBAND OFFICERS.—Grand Master, Herman Herschkowitz; First

Deputy Grand Master, Joe Mann; Second Deputy Grand Master,Isaac Weiss; Grand Secretary, Jacob Schoen, 37 East 7th, NewYork City; Grand Treasurer Henry Kalchheim; EndowmentTreasurer, Max Schwartz; Grand Messenger, Moses Gross; Coun-sel to the Order, Leop. Moschcowitz.

CHAIRMEN OF COMMITTEES.—Finance, Jonas Hecht; Endowment,H. Mahler; Laws, Max Eckman; Appeals, M. L. Hollander; Stateof the Order, Herman Kaufman; Printing, Moritz Korn; Ritual,A<i. Moschkowitz; Charity, Ed. Kohn.

INDEPENDENT ORDER FREE SONS OF ISRAELThe Independent Order Free Sons of Israel was founded in

1849. The fundamental object of the organizers was to providethe family of a deceased member with a sufficient sum to relievethe immediate necessity of the family, insure proper burial ofthe deceased, and leave to the living members of the family ahelpful sum. Equally fundamental was its second object, tospread " intelligence and enlightenment," and bring about theAmericanization of the Jew. Though a majority of those whofirst sought membership had but a limited knowledge of the Eng-lish language, the Order prescribed that as soon as possible theproceedings of the lodges should be in the English language. Andit likewise advocated at this early period the bringing into thelodge room of Jews from all countries.

The Independent Order Free Sons of Israel is under the govern-ment of the Grand Lodge of the United States, a body that meetsin general convention once every five years. Each lodge in the


United States is entitled to send a representative to the conven-tion, which selects the general officers and an executive committee.

Furthermore the United States have been divided into two divi-sions; namely, District Grand Lodge No. 1 with headquarters inNew York City, and District Grand Lodge No. 2, with head-quarters in the City of Chicago. These local divisions likewisehave officers and an executive committee. They attend to theimmediate needs of the lodges under their jurisdiction, withpower to appeal, if need should arise, to the United States GrandLodge.

The policy of the Order is not to establish buildings of its ownfor the housing of the sick or needy, but to contribute towardsuch Jewish institutions as exist, whether they be maintained bylocal bodies in various cities or by another Order. The Order, forexample, contributed $10,000 to the new Mount Sinai Hospital inNew York. In the City of Chicago it owns a valuable burialground, notwithstanding its contributions to the local charities.

At present funds are being collected and plans being formed forthe following: In New York City it is proposed to erect a "FreeSons of Israel Building" at a cost of $100,000, having meetingrooms, reception rooms, lecture rooms, general assembly rooms; abuilding in which local lodges may meet, concerts, lectures andentertainments be held, and in which members, friends, andvisitors may be entertained. In Chicago funds are now beinggathered for the erection of the new hospital by the Jewishcitizens of Chicago.

The Order now counts 107 lodges with an aggregate membershipof 12,000. It has a Reserve Fund of $1,000,000, and has duringthe more than fifty years of its existence paid $4,000,000 to wid-ows, orphans, and other beneficiaries; during the same time theindividual lodges of the Order have disbursed $3,165,000 for bene-fits and donations. The funds of the individual lodges at presentaggregate $333,277.00. The Order pays an Endowment benefit of$1000.00 in case of the death of a member, and in addition pro-vides for its sick and maintains a Relief Fund for its needy. Nomembers are taken into the Order except such as participate inthe Endowment Fund.

OFFICERS OF THE UNITED STATES GEAND LODGE AND EXECUTIVECOMMITTEE.—Grand Master, M. S. Stern, 2013 Fifth Av., NewYork City; First Deputy Grand Master, S. Hoffheimer; SecondDeputy Grand Master, Adolph Finkenberg; Third Deputy GrandMaster, Adolph Pike; Grand Treasurer, I. Frankenthaler; Chair-man Committee on Endowment, William A. Gans; Grand Secre-tary, I. H. Goldsmith, 1161 Madison Av., New York; Henry Jacobs,Charles M. Obst, Benjamin Blumenthal, Isaac Hamburger, Julius

INDEPENDENT ORDER FREE SONS OF JUDAH 345

Harburger, Henry Lichtig, Raphael Rosenberger, Herman Stiefel,Honorable Philip Stein.

OFFICERS AND GENERAL COMMITTEE OF DISTRICT GRAND LODGENo. 1.—Grand Master, Emil Tausig, 1772 Madison Av., New YorkCity; First Deputy Grand Master, Isaac Baer; Second DeputyGrand Master, Samuel Ornstein; Third Deputy Grand Master,Aaron Wolfsohn; Grand Treasurer, A. E. Karelson; GrandWarden, M. Goldberg; Grand Tyler, Abm. Sanders; ChairmanCommittee on Appeals, Eugene D. Klein; on Laws, M. S. Keller;on Finance, J. L. Wallace; on State of the District, DanielKrause; President District Deputies, M. J. Lichtenberger.

OFFICERS AND GENERAL COMMITTEE OF DISTRICT NO. 2.—GrandMaster, Isaac A. Loeb, 322 Ashland Block, Chicago, 111.; FirstDeputy Grand Master, Henry Kohn; Second Deputy Grand Master,Wm. Haberman; Third Deputy Grand Master, L. Hoffman; GrandSecretary, Eli Brandt; Grand Treasurer, Ignatz S. Lurie; GrandWarden, Henry Goldsmith; Grand Tyler, Albert Weil; LouisWitkowsky, Leopold Reiss, Frank Kern, Sol. H. Myers, BenjaminBaum.

* INDEPENDENT ORDER FREE SONS OF JUDAHThe Eighth Biennial Convention of the Independent Order Free

Sons of Judah was held April 10, 1904, in New York City. TheGrand Secretary reported as follows: Balance on hand, Decem-ber 31, 1901, $27,057.58; receipts, $216,495.98; total, $243,553.56;disbursements, $209,906.21, leaving a balance of $33,647.35 onhand. These assets were appropriated to the various Funds asfollows: Reserve Fund, $20,603.18; Aged and Infirm Fund,$2075.48; Endowment Fund, $4059.57; Sick Benefit Fund, $3376.24;General Fund, $2875.80; and Cemetery Fund, $657.08.

The total membership December 31, 1903, was 7608, showingan increase of 1161 since the previous convention. The numberof lodges on December 31, 1903, was 115, of which 6 were ladies'lodges. The lodges are located in the States of Connecticut,Illinois, Maryland, Michigan, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Penn-sylvania, Rhode Island, and Wisconsin, and in the District ofColumbia.

The cemeteries of the Order consist of plots at Bayside andMt. Zion cemeteries.

OFFICERS.—Grand Master, Isidor Byk, New York City; FirstDeputy Grand Master, Isaac Grossman, New York City; SecondDeputy Grand Master, Levy Abrahams, Baltimore, Md.; GrandTreasurer, Victor Steiner, Bergen Beach, L. I.; Grand Secretary,Sigmund Fodor, 47 St. Marks Place, New York City. Office ofthe Grand Lodge, 78 Second Av., New York City.


INDEPENDENT ORDER OF B'NAI B'RITHAn occurrence deeply lamented by the members of the Order,

as well as by all Jews interested in the welfare of the race,befell in the death of Leo N. Levi, President of the Fraternity.With all the energy and enthusiasm of his nature PresidentLevi devoted himself to the task of widening the influence ofthe organization and of bringing it into prominence as somethingof international import. That he succeeded in accomplishingthis in the short three years of his Presidency, is evidence of thestrength and sincerity of his convictions and the weight of hisideas. He led the Order into the field of many new activities.He it was who, pledging the loyalty of all the lodges in thiscountry, instituted and achieved the organization of the Indus-trial Removal Work, and his prompt remonstrance through theGovernment against the atrocities perpetrated at Kishineffbrought the Order into deserved world-wide prominence.

At a meeting of the Executive Committee of the Order held inNew York on February 14, 1904, the Honorable Simon Wolf, ofWashington, D. C, was elected to succeed Mr. Levi.

When, in December, 1903, rumors of an intended uprisingagainst the Jews of Kishineff were circulated, the Order ad-dressed a letter to the Secretary of State requesting him to ascer-tain the state of affairs in Southern Russia. As a result, a cable-gram dated December 31, 1903, was received at the State Depart-ment from the Ambassador at St. Petersburg, in which thereports were condemned as entirely unwarranted. The Ambas-sador also reported that Kishineff had been in a state of thoroughtranquillity for a considerable period. This despatch was madepublic, together with a letter dated December 29, 1903, from theUnited States Consul at Odessa which verified the report of theAmbassador. In this matter, the Order acted in agreement withthe Anglo-Jewish Association, London, England, and the AllianceIsraelite Universelle, Paris.

During the past year the Order has put itself into close com-munication with the Anglo-Jewish Association, and with theAlliance Israelite Universelle, so as to be in a position to co-operate in behalf of American Jews, with these representativebodies of Jews in England and France, in all undertakings look-ing to the amelioration of the condition of Jews.

On the organization of the Industrial Removal Work by Presi-dent Levi, it was given in charge of a joint committee known asthe Industrial Removal Committee of the Jewish AgricuJturaland Aid Society. An account of the results achieved by thisCommittee will be found under the heading The Industrial Re-moval Office, pp. 249-251.

INDEPENDENT ORDER OF B'NAI B'RITH 247

The Executive Committee has considerably assisted the refugeesfrom Roumania and Russia. There have been many deplor-able cases among assisted immigrants, who come here prin-cipally from England. The Government, ordinarily humane andconsiderate in its treatment, under an imperative law has de-ported a considerable number of these unfortunates. In responseto the efforts of the Order to ameliorate conditions, the Immigra-tion Bureau maintains that it has no power in the matter, theonly remedy being the repeal of the present law or such anamendment thereof as may enable such persons, under a humaneinterpretation of the policy of our Government, to escape frombeing classified as Assisted Immigrants.

The Executive Committee of the Order at its meeting in At-lantic City in July, 1902, authorized and directed the Presidentto formulate plans for conducting a bureau for the placing outof orphan children. This action of the Committee was commun-icated to the Executive committee of the National Conference ofJewish Charities, which entrusted the entire project to theOrder, tendering at the same time the co-operation of its com-mittee in formulating modes of proceedure.

The Executive Committee has seriously considered the advis-ability of continuing the experiment, and has concluded, from theresults at hand, that it would be unwise to persevere in the at-tempt to establish the proposed Bureau; it is of the opinion thatbefore a National Bureau can be undertaken, serious local effortsshould be made in the many centres of Jewish population.

The building established on Forsyth Street, New York City,has been the centre of good work during the last two years. TheExecutive Committee decided to transfer the building to thecharge of District No. 1, fearing that they were usurping thefunctions of that District, in the jurisdiction of which the build-ing is situated. An Employment Bureau, opened March 15, 1904,had been attached to the building proper by the Executive Com-mittee, which had intended to establish also a Bureau of CivicInformation. These activities were turned over to District No. 1,with the building, on July 1, 1904.

The statistics of the Employment Bureau show a record of fourhundred situations procured since its inception.

There has been a general increase of the Order in all its Dis-tricts, despite losses by death and resignation. The net increasein District No. 1 is 179; in District No. 2, 179; in District No. 3,177; in District No. 4, 28; in District No. 5, 286; in District No.6, 24. There is a substantial increase in the members of DistrictNo. 7, and of the foreign Districts as well.


MEETINGS OF THE DISTRICTS

District No. 1, met at Providence, R. I., May 15, 1904; President,J. B. Klein, Bridgeport, Conn.; Secretary, S. Hamburger, NewYork City.

District No. 2, met at Indianapolis, Ind., May 22, 1904; Presi-dent, Leon Block, Kansas City, Mo.; Secretary, Abe Bloch,Cincinnati, Ohio.

District No. 3, met at Lancaster, Pa., February 1, 1904; Presi-dent, the Rev. I. Rosenthal, Lancaster, Pa.; Secretary, M. K.Cohen, Philadelphia, Pa.

District No. 4, met at San Francisco, Cal., February 21, 1904;President, M. H. Wascerwitz, San Francisco, Cal.; Secretary, I. J.Aschheim, San Francisco, Cal.

District No. 5, met at Washington, D. C, April 9, 1904; Presi-dent, E. A. Waxelbaum, Macon, Ga.; Secretary, Joseph L. Levy,Richmond, Va.

District No. 6, met at Des Moines, la., May 29, 1904; President,Adolf Kraus, Chicago, 111.; Secretary, A. B. Seelenfreund, Chicago,111.

District No. 7, met at San Antonio, Texas, April 18, 1904;President, Joseph Beitman, Birmingham, Ala.; Secretary, Nat.Strauss, New Orleans, La.

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.—President, Simon Wolf, 923 F, N. W.,Washington, D. C ; Chancellor of Foreign Affairs, Julius Bien,New York City; Vice-President and Treasurer, Jacob Furth,Cleveland, Ohio; Honorary Secretary, Solomon Sulzberger, NewYork City; Joseph D. Coons, Wilkes-Barre, Pa.; Albert Elkus,Sacramento, Cal.; Adolph Moses, Chicago, 111.; Joseph Hirsh,Vicksburg, Miss.; Joseph Salabes, Baltimore, Md.; CorrespondingSecretary, Louis Lipsky, 723 Lexington Ave., New York City.

* INDEPENDENT ORDER SONS OF BENJAMIN

The Independent Order Sons of Benjamin publishes the follow-ing financial statement for 1902 and 1903: Balance on handJanuary 1, 1902, $839.77; receipts, $12,448.77; total, $13,288.54;disbursements, $14,218.41; leaving a deficit of $929.87. Receiptsduring 1903, $9627.43; interest transferred from the MutualGuarantee Fund, $9000; total $18,627.43; deficit January 1, 1903,$929.87; disbursements, $13,620.11; total, $14,549.98; balance onhand December 31, 1903, $4077.45.

Grand Secretary, Adolph Silberstein, 212 East 58th, New YorkCity.

THE INDUSTRIAL REMOVAL OFFICE 249

f INDEPENDENT WESTERN STAR ORDER

The Eleventh Annual Convention of the Independent WesternStar Order was held June 19-20, 1904, at St. Louis, Mo. Therewere present 91 delegates representing 51 lodges.

OFFICERS.—Grand Master, Win. A. Jonesi; Vice-Grand Master,I. Schwartz; First Deputy Grand Master, A. Greenspan; SecondDeputy Grand Master, A. L. Ratner; Grand Secretary, I. Shapiro,183 West 12th, Chicago, 111.; Grand Endowment Treasurer, H. M.Stone; Grand General Fund Treasurer, L. Rosenberg.

THE INDUSTRIAL REMOVAL OFFICE1

The work of the Industrial Removal Office during the past yearhas been very considerably increased, the total number of personssent away from New York since the inauguration of the move-ment being 10,563. Applying to this number the percentage re-turning to New York, we have 10,000 persons who have beensent away and who have remained away from the city.

It will be observed that there was a smaller proportion ofsingle men among those sent out this year than in the previousyear; for obvious reasons the heads of families have been giventhe preference over single men.

The occupations of the persons removed cover as wide a rangeas in former years, and the places to which they were sent arelikewise as numerous. A most gratifying sign is the large num-ber of cases sent by " request," and upon the advice and con-sent of the receiving community. These are chiefly cases inwhich a husband, or some other member of a family, had pre-viously been sent away, and his progress was sufficiently encour-aging to justify him in sending for his relatives. Of such casesthe records of the current year show a total of 47 per cent. Nomore gratifying testimony can be had to the satisfactory natureof the employment found for those removed from New Yorkthan is furnished by the fact of sending for relatives.

It should be said that in some cases the head of the family leftNew York without assistance from this office, and, after beingsufficiently well established to warrant his doing so, requested theBureau to send his family to join him, the alternative being hisreturn to New York to join them, because of the natural desirefor reunion and insufficient funds to pay transportation charges.

!For the Report of The Jewish Agricultural ancl Industrial AicJ Society,see p. 252,


The number of such cases, however, is not large; the vast bulkof those sent by request followed the man originally sent awayby the Removal Office, whose success attracted his relatives.The power of this attraction cannot be measured solely by theremovals made directly through the Committee. According to thestatistics gathered by the representative of the Removal Office atEllis Island of the Jewish immigration that arrived at the port ofNew York in the years 1900, 1901, and 1902, 73 per cent had theCity of New York as their ultimate destination; of those arriv-ing in the current year 69% per cent were destined for New York.On the basis of immigration for the current year, this shows thatthe number of persons who moved directly and at their own ex-pense to the interior towns was 3% per cent, or 2224 personsmore than last year. Furthermore, the unfailing experience ofthe past twenty years has been that the establishment of a num-ber of Jewish immigrants at a given point speedily results inattracting a considerable additional number to the same point,so that it is reasonable to expect that the 10,000 persons who havebeen sent away in the past three years will bring five times theirnumber to the same places within the next decade.

During the year 1903, 5525 persons were sent out from NewYork: 485 families removed with their heads, 206 families follow-ing their heads (the two classes comprising 2896 persons), 318married men who had their families in the United States, 983married men whose families were in Europe, and 1328 unmarriedmen.

In classifying the men sent out according to their occupation,we find the following facts for 1903:

Mechanics 70.7%Clerks 2.5%Laborers 23.7%Teachers 4%Peddlers in New York 2.7%

100%

To ascertain the results of the work, regular inquiry sheetsare sent to the local communities some weeks after each case hasbeen sent out. Those inquiry sheets are returned to the NewYork Office after being filled out by the receiving committee.The information thus obtained yields the following result of thework done from November 1, 1902, to November 1, 1903. Thetables cover 3347 cases, consisting of 5525 persons, and theymake a comparison with results for the same period of 1902, asstated in last year's report:

ISRAELITE ALLIANCE OF AMERICA 251

SATISFACTORY Cases

Still at place of settlement. 2,766Left for places known 126Left for places unknown 120Returned to New York 38

1903%

82.93.83.61.1

91.4

1.02.33.61.0

1902%

71.88.77.81.0

89.3

1.13.03.61.0

Per-sons4,86513812852

5,183

468413542

1903*88.22.52.3.9

93.9

.81.52.4.8

1902%80.26.25.4.7

92.5

.82.12.5.7

1901%

65.35.55.81.2

77.8

143.34.76.1

3,060UNSATISFACTORY

Still at place of settlement. 33Left for places known 76Left for places unknown.... 121Returned to New York 33

263 7.9 8.7 307 5.5 6.1 15.5Not heard from in answer to

inquiry sheets, althoughten of these are accountedfor by return postal cardsas arrived at places of des-tination 24 .7 2.0 35 .6 1.4 6.7

Grand Totals 3,347 100. 100. 5,525 100. 100. 100.

OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS.—-Chairman, Cyrus L. Sulzberger; Vice-chairman, Nathan Bijur; Secretary, Eugene S. Benjamin; MaxSenior, Jacob Furth.

General Manager, David M. Bressler; Assistant Manager, MorrisD. Waldman. Address: 104 Rivington, New York City.

ISRAELITE ALLIANCE OF AMERICAThe Israelite Alliance of America held a number of meetings

during the year at which the various committees presented re-ports of their work for discussion.

The Pope Petition Committee met several times to consider the" Blood Accusation " problem.

The Union of Orthodox Jewish Congregations of the UnitedStates and Canada assisted this committee by furnishing it withcopies of petitions addressed by the Union, the preceding year, tothe Pope and to Pobiedonostseff, in which an urgent appeal wasmade to the heads of the Roman and Greek Catholic Churches todeclare the ritual murder charge against Jews as unfounded, andincompatible with the Jewish religion. The Union having re-ceived no reply to these petitions, the Israelite Alliance decidedto frame a petition on the same question, to be signed only byprominent Gentiles of all denominations. Rabbi S. Schulman hasundertaken to study the matter historically, collate the facts,and frame the memorial.

In accordance with the aim of the organization, to bring to thenotice of the public Russia's discriminations against American


citizens of the Jewish faith, the secretaries wrote articles forpublication on the Russian American passport question.

OFFICERS.—President, Joseph M. Baum; Vice-Presidents, PhilipFischer, Miss Jeanette Schwabe, and Dr. A. L. Wolbarst; Secre-taries, A. H. Simon, D. P. Swick, and S. P. Frank, 177 High,Brooklyn, N. Y.

See also Alliance Israelite Universelle.

THE JEWISH AGRICULTURAL AND INDUSTRIAL AIDSOCIETY 1

1. FARM LOANSDuring 1903 the Jewish Agricultural and Industrial Aid Society

granted 117 farm loans, amounting in the aggregate to $46,590.51;during the first six months of 1904, 72 farm loans, amounting inthe aggregate to $28,835.69.

Including the loans turned over to the Society by the Baron deHirsch Fund, it has now on its books over five hundred farm loansmade to an equal number of Jewish families.

2. HOME BUILDING LOANS

During 1903 the Society granted 38 home building loans,amounting in the aggregate to $16,919.00; during the first sixmonths of 1904, 7 home building loans, amounting in the aggre-gate to $3029.00, to industrial families in rural districts, and ithas now on its books 52 home building loans granted to an equalnumber of Jewish families since the incorporation of this Society.

OFFICERS AND LIRECTOKS.—President, Cyrus L. Sulzberger; Vice-President, Eugene S. Benjamin; Treasurer, Eugene Meyer; Sec-retary, Percy S. Straus; Mark Ash, Morris Loeb and Fred. M.Stein, all of New York City.

General Manager, William Kahn, 725 Broadway, New York City.

THE JEWISH AGRICULTURISTS' AID SOCIETY OF AMERICACompared with former years, the Jewish Agriculturists' Aid

Society of America more than doubled its work during theyear 1903. Eighty families were assisted to settle on as manyfarms during the year. Of these, fifty-nine settled under thehomestead law on free Government land, each taking possessionof one hundred and sixty acres of land. Seventeen purchased

the report of The Industrial Removal Office, see pp. 249-25},

THE JEWISH CHAUTAUQUA SOCIETY 253

farms in the States of Michigan, Indiana, and Wisconsin, and fourrented lands in Illinois and Iowa. All these were more or lessassisted by the Society, loans having been made to them in sumsfrom one hundred to one thousand dollars. In all the Societyloaned out nearly $26,000.00 during the year. This amount wasexpended in the purchase of live-stock and implements, for build-ing material, for seed, and for feed needed for the live-stock dur-ing the first few months. The transportation of the families fromthe city to the farm, as well as clothing, shoes, and provisions,which in some instances were furnished to the families, werepaid for from the general fund of the Society.

In doing its work, the Society has followed its old method.The loans made to its protege's are secured by mortgages, whichbecome a lien on the real and personal property of the borrower.The loans are repayable in installments, arranged to suit the caseof the borrower, and they bear interest at the rate of four per centper annum. The Society up to the present has assisted nearlythree hundred families, aggregating over 1450 persons. Many ofthese families have repaid the loans made to them, principal andinterest in full, and are now in a prosperous condition.

The Society proposes to expand its work and operate on amuch larger scale than hitherto. Thus far the benefits of theSociety have been extended to people in Chicago, and the meansfor its operation were gathered chiefly in that city, exceptingwhat aid has been extended to it by The Jewish Agricultural andIndustrial Aid Society, of New York. In pursuance of the policyof expansion, applicants from outside the city of Chicago wereassisted during the first half of the present year, from January 1to July 1, 1904.

BOARD OF DIRECTORS.—President, Adolph Loeb; Vice-President,Emil G. Hirsch; Treasurer, Edward Rose; Secretary, Hugo Pam:Corresponding Secretary, Dr. A. R. Levy, 507-511 S. Marsfield Ave.,Chicago, 111.; Israel Cowen, Harry Hart, Jacob L. Kesner, AdolphMoses, David M. Pfaelzer, Dr. J. Rappaport, Julius Rosenwald,Emanuel F. Selz, Milton L. Strauss, Morris Weil.

ADVISORY BOARD.—Joseph Basch, A. Bauer, Louis Becker, JosephBeifeld, Eli B. Felsenthal, Oscar J. Friedman, Maurice W.Kozminski, I. S. Lurie, Max M. Markwell, Benj. Rosenberg, MorrisS. Rosenwald, Toby Rubovits, David Simon, Leo Straus, DavidWormser.

THE JEWISH CHAUTAUQUA SOCIETYThe Eighth Summer Assembly of the Jewish Chautauqua So-

ciety was held at Atlantic City, N. J., July 10 to 31, 1904, underdirection of the Chancellor, Dr. Henry Berkowitz, the President,


Mr. Jacob Gimbel, and the Director, Isaac Hassler, Esq., all ofPhiladelphia.

The work was divided into departments, as follows:1. DEPAETMENT OF RELIGIOUS SCHOOL WORK, according to the

plans of the Committee of Fifteen appointed at the Sixth SummerAssembly:

Opening Address: " The Reform Movement in Jewish Educa-tion," Dr. Henry Berkowitz, Philadelphia.

Discussion of Curriculum for Religious Schools presented byRabbi Abram Simon at the Seventh Summer Assembly: "WhatShould be Taught in Confirmation Classes—Why and How?"Rabbi Abram Simon, Washington, D. C.

" How Shall the Bible Be Taught? " Rev. Dr. Jos. Stolz, Chicago,111., and Rabbi Edward N. Calisch, Richmond, Va.

" The Value of Pictures in Teaching," Rev. Clifton H. Levy,New York.

" Criticism of Rabbi Simon's Curriculum," Miss Julia Richman,New York.

" Application of Educational Reforms," Rev. Dr. David Philip-son, Cincinnati, Ohio.

" The Study of the Hebrew Language," Dr. S. Benderly, Balti-more, Md., being in the main a presentation of the Yellin method.

" The Study of the Hebrew Language," Rabbi Gerson B. Levi,Helena, Ark., a presentation of Mr. Levi's methods, as publishedby the Jewish Chautauqua Society.

" The Study of Post-Biblical History and Literature in theSchools," Dr. Israel Davidson, New York.

Illustrative Lesson: Subject, "The Sabbath," Primary Depart-ment, Miss Ella Jacobs, Philadelphia.

General discussions were held during all the sessions. SeveralConferences of Teachers, Rabbis, and others interested in schoolwork were held and valuable discussions of school work had.Thirty-three teachers, of whom a number were sent at the ex-pense of congregations to represent them, and twenty-one rabbis,were in attendance during the sessions. The outcome of theschool work was the following resolution passed by the Assembly:

" As a result of the experiences derived from the conduct ofthe Department of Religious Pedagogy and at the earnest solici-tation of the teachers who attended, we recommend that:

" 1st. At the next Assembly, classes and conferences, composedof Jewish educators and Jewish religious school teachers, beorganized for the purpose of explaining and discussing methodsof instruction, and a series of Bible Lessons for Teachers, primary,intermediate, and advanced, be given in connection therewith;

" 2nd. In addition to Hebrew, classes be organized also for thestudy of Post-Biblical History, special eras being made the subject


of particular lessons, and that lectures on biographies of theleading men of such era constitute a feature of this work;

" 3rd. The study of the geography of the Bible be among thesubjects included in the curriculum of the Assembly;

" 4th. A full set of ceremonial objects, models, lantern slides,and maps, suitable for Jewish religious schools, to form a travel-ling library, be secured by the Jewish Chautauqua Society, to besent to schools upon application, the expense of transportationto be borne by the schools;

" 5th. A parents' meeting or series of meetings of parents beheld at the next Assembly for the purpose of having Jewish cere-monials explained, with the view to their rehabilitation in thehomes in which they have passed into neglect;

" 6th. In order to carry into effect the practical propositionsmade by the Chancellor in his opening address, a Committee ofFive be appointed to formulate a series of lesson helps for teach-ers, to constitute a manual for their guidance, the work of thisCommittee to be based on the Curriculum submitted to the Assem-bly by Rabbi Abram Simon, to whom grateful acknowledgmentfor his valuable labors is herewith expressed."

2. COURSE IN APPLIED PHILANTHROPY.—Addresses were deliveredas follows:

" The Value of Training for Philanthropic "Work," Dr. EdwardT. Devine, Secretary Charity Organization Society, New York.

" Jewish Scholarships in Philanthropy," Mr. Sol. C. Lowen-stein, United Hebrew Charities, New York.

" The Housing Problem," Mr. Robert W. De Forest, Presidentof the Charity Organization Society, New York.

" Discussion of Mr. De Forest's Address," Miss Emily W. Din-widdie, Philadelphia.

" The Labor Problem in its Relation to Applied Philanthropy,"Mr. Marcus M. Marks, of the Civic Federation, New York.

" The Relation of Charities to Corrections," Dr. Frederick H.Wines, Montclair, N. J.

" Juvenile Crime Among Boys," Mr. F. H. Nibecker, Superin-tendent House of Refuge, Glen Mills, Pa.

" Juvenile Crime Among Girls," Miss Rose Sommerfeld, Directorof the Clara De Hirsch Home, New York.

The following resolution was passed by the Assembly:" In view of the fact that thousands of our American youth are

early drafted into the ranks of the industrial workers, be it" Resolved, That the Board of the Jewish Chautauqua Society

be instructed to request the Civic Federation to plan methods forelementary instruction in economics in the public schools, withthe view to the enlightenment of pupils on practical socialproblems."


3. DEPARTMENT OF SUMMER SCHOOL AND SEMINAR.—Rabbi GersonB. Levi, of Helena, Ark., conducted a class in Hebrew, meetingevery day during the sessions and using the Advanced HebrewCourse, which was compiled by Mr. Levi and recently issued bythe Society, including instruction in Hebrew Grammar and exer-cises in translation of Hebrew into English and English intoHebrew. Seventeen members, principally teachers, were enrolledin the class.

Five lectures on " Recent Discussions of Biblical Problems,"by Professor Max Margolis, of the University of California, asfollows:

(1) " Babylonian Elements in Civilization and Religion ofAncient Israel."

(2) " The Rise of Early Judaism."(3) " The ' I ' of the Psalms."(4) " Foreign Elements in Late Judaism."(5) "The Son of Man."Courses of Lectures on the 'rLife and Times of Ben Sira," and

" The History of Hebrew Liturgy," by Dr. Solomon Schechter,President of The Jewish Theological Seminary, New York.

4. POPULAR CONFERENCES AND LECTURES.—Conference on " TheStage as an Educational Force ": Address by Mr. Sydney Rosen-feld, New York, President of the National Theatre Company, on" The Stage of To-Day and Its Needs "; Address by Mr. Jacob M.Gordin, Brooklyn, on " The Jewish Drama and its Effect inAmerica."

Conference on " Immigration ": Address by the presiding offi-cer, Mr. Jacob H. Schiff, New York; " The Status of Immigra-tion," by Honorable Frank P. Sargent, United States Commis-sioner General of Immigration.

Lecture: Dr. Joseph Krauskopf, Philadelphia, " Lessing, theBrave, and Nathan, the Wise."

Lecture: Rear-Admiral Geo. W. Melville, U. S. N., "Arctic Ex-plorations."

Lecture: Dr. Talcott Williams, Editor of the Philadelphia" Press," on " Some International Lessons of the War in theEast."

Two musical entertainments and several social evenings andreceptions were held during the sessions.

Divine services were held every Friday evening and Sabbathmorning at Beth Israel Synagogue, under the direction of RabbiHenry M. Fisher, of Atlantic City. Sermons were preached byRabbis G. Freund, of Toledo, O.; David Philipson, of Cincinnati,O.; and N. Krasnowetz, of Owensboro, Ky.


The Annual Meeting at the close of the session was presidedover by the President, Mr. Jacob Gimbel, Philadelphia. Reportswere presented by the Secretary, Isaac Hassler, and the Treasurer,Clarence K. Arnold, Philadelphia. Addresses were made by theChancellor, Rev. Dr. Henry Berkowitz, and by Honorable SimonWolf, Washington, D. C.

In the Reading Course work circles were organized or Chau-tauqua work introduced in the following cities:

Anniston, Ala.; Augusta, Ga.; Baltimore, Md.; Boston, Mass.;Charleston, W. Va.; Chattanooga, Tenn.; Chester, Pa.; Chicago,111.; Cincinnati, O.; Columbus, Miss.; Denver, Colo.; El Paso,Texas; Galveston, Texas; Hannibal, Mo.; Harrisburg, Pa.; Hazle-ton, Pa.; Hot Springs, Ark.; Houston, Texas; Indianapolis, Ind.;Memphis, Tenn.; Monroe, La.; Nashville, Tenn.; Natchez, Miss.;Newark, N. J.; New York, N. Y.; Peoria, 111.; Philadelphia, Pa.;San Antonio, Texas; Scranton, Pa.; Seattle, Wash.; Selma, Ala.;St. Louis, Mo.; Syracuse. N. Y.; Tacoma, Wash.; Tyler, Texas;Utica, N. Y.; Vicksburg, Miss.; Wheeling, W. Va.; Wilkes-Barre,Pa.; Melbourne, Australia; and Montreal, Can.

The reports showed that a large number of schools had followedthe Hebrew Courses of the Society, though these were not readyat the beginning of the school year 1903-1904.

OFFICERS.—Chancellor, Rev. Dr. Henry Berkowitz; President,Jacob Gimbel; Vice-President, William B. Hackenburg; Treas-urer, Alfred H. Newburger; Secretary, Isaac Hassler, Esq., P. O.Box 825; all of Philadelphia.

BOABD OF TRUSTEES.—Leon Dalsimer, Mrs. Eva Coons, Samuel S.Fleisher, Louis Gerstley, Mrs. Rosa Frank, Mrs. Charles Heidel-berger, Mrs. Fannie Muhr, Clarence K. Arnold, Geo. W. Ochs,Edward Wolf, Mrs. Jos. H. Rubin, of Philadelphia; Marcus M.Marks, Jacob H. Schiff, Sol. Sulzberger, of New York; HonorableSimon Wolf, of Washington, D. C ; Mrs. Eli Strouse, of Balti-more, Md.; Joseph Hirsch, ot Atlanta, Ga., and Israel Cowen, ofChicago, 111.

EDUCATIONAL COUNCIL.—Max Herzberg, D. W. Amram, CharlesS. Bernheimer, Miss Corinne B. Arnold, Rabbi Julius H. Green-stone, Dr. Lewis Steinbach, Miss Ella Jacobs, of Philadelphia;Rev. Dr. Maurice H. Harris, Dr. Richard Gottheil, Dr. Lee K.Frankel, Professor Morris Loeb, Miss Julia Richman, Miss RoseSommerfeld, of New York; Rabbi Gerson B. Levi, of Helena,Ark.; Rev. Dr. Emil G. Hirsch, Rev. Dr. Jos. Stolz, Chicago, 111.;Rabbi Harry Levi, Wheeling, W. Va.; Rabbi Abram Simon, Wash-ington, D. C.; Rev. Dr. K. Kohler, Cincinnati, O.

HONORARY VICE-PRESIDENTS.—Adolph S. Ochs, Milton Gold-smith, New York; J. B. Klein, Bridgeport, Conn.; Mrs. Jacob H.


Hecht, Boston, Mass.; Max Senior, Cincinnati, 0.; Mrs. S. L.Frank, Baltimore, Md.; Mrs. Jonathan Rice, St. Louis, Mo.; Rev.Dr. Jacob S. Voorsanger, Mrs. M. S. Sloss, San Francisco, Cal.;Louis Bamberger, Newark, N. J.; Rev. Dr. Max Heller, NewOrleans, La.; I. Isenberg, Wheeling, W. Va.; Jacques Loeb, Mont-gomery, Ala.; Mrs. S. Lesser, Augusta, Ga.; Mrs. Alex. Friend,Dallas, Texas; Wm. J. Berkowitz, Kansas City, Mo.; Isaac L. Blaut,Washington, D. C; Honorable Josiah Cohen, Pittsburg, Pa.

THE JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY OF AMERICAFor an account of THE JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY OF AMERICA,

see REPORT OF THE SIXTEENTH YEAR, p. 381.

THE JEWISH THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY OF AMERICADuring 1903-1904, thirty-eight students were enrolled in the

Rabbinical Course of the Jewish Theological Seminary of America.At the Commencement exercises, held on June 5, 1904, the De-

gree of Rabbi was conferred upon the following: Rudolph IsaacCoffee, of California, B. A., Columbia University; Charles IsaiahHoffman, of Philadelphia, B. A., M. A., and B. L., Universityof Pennsylvania; Gerson Benedict Levi, of Philadelphia, B. A.,University of Pennsylvania; Elias Louis Solomon, of New York,B. A., College of the City of New York.

Honorary Degrees were awarded as follows: Lewis NaphtaliDembitz, of Louisville, Ky., Doctor of Hebrew Literature; HenryPereira Mendes, Minister of Congregation Shearith Israel, ofNew York, Doctor of Divinity; Samuel Schulman, Rabbi of Tem-ple Beth-El, of New York, Doctor of Divinity.

TEACHERS COURSE.—The Seminary, recognizing the urgent needof providing proper teachers for the religious schools in the cityof New York and elsewhere, has established a special TeachersCourse, to be conducted under the supervision of the Presidentof the Faculty, Professor S. Schechter, by the members of theFaculty. The course occupies three years, at the end of whicha certificate will be awarded to persons who successfully passthe prescribed examinations. The course of study is as follows:

First Year.—Two hours, Elementary Hebrew; one hour, BibleLessons; one hour, Jewish Religion. Second Year.—One hour,Contents of the Prayer Book; one hour, Post-Biblical History andLiterature; one hour, Bible Lessons; one hour, Selections from thePentateuch. For the third year of the course arrangementsare to be made for the establishment of a model school, in whichthe students will obtain practical instruction in the methods of

THE JEWISH THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY 259

teaching and conducting a religious school. During 1903-1904,130 students were enrolled in this department.

PREPARATORY DEPARTMENT.—To enable students who are attend-ing a college or university in New York City to prepare them-selves for entrance to the Seminary, it has been decided to es-tablish a Preparatory Course, with the following curriculum:First Year.—One hour, Hebrew Grammar; two hours, Pentateuch;one hour, Prayer Book. Second Year.—One hour, Hebrew Gram-mar; one hour, Pentateuch with Rashi and Onkelos; one hour,Judges; one hour, Mishnah, Berakot and Shabbat. Third Year.—One hour, Outlines of Jewish History; First Term—One hour,Isaiah; one hour, Daniel; one hour, Mishnah, Pesahim, Yomaand Sukkah; Second Term—One hour, Talmud (Berakot); onehour, Shulhan Aruk; two hours, Psalms.

DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF DIVINITY.—A course leading to the Degreeof Doctor of Divinity will hereafter be given. Any person hold-ing the degree of Rabbi, or such other equivalent degree ordiploma as may be deemed sufficient by the Faculty, may be ad-mitted to it. The following lectures will be given during theacademic year 1904-1905 for the candidates for the Degree of Doc-tor of Divinity: Introduction to the Study of Manuscripts; Crit-ical and Historical Analysis of the Halachic Midrashim; Syriac;Reading of the Syriac Version of Ben Sirach; Text and Compo-sition of the Books of Samuel; Arabic, the eight chapters ofMaimonides; Cuneiform Texts bearing upon the Bible; HistoricalTexts, Megillat Ta'anit and the Letter of Sherira; North SemiticInscriptions; Literature of Doctrine and Dogma; Selected Read-ings of Rabbinical Responsa; Practical Exercises in the Decisionof Ritual Questions.

LECTURES.—A course of lectures will be given during 1904-1905,to which the public will be admitted. A special course of lectureswill be given to the members of the Senior Class on the manage-ment of the Jewish philanthropic and educational institutionsof New York City.

SYNAGOGUE.—A Synagogue is attached to the Seminary. Ser-vices are conducted every Sabbath and holiday by the Hazan withthe aid of the students, under the direction of the President ofthe Faculty.

LIBRARY.-—The Library consists of 15,000 printed volumes and750 Hebrew MSS.

COURSE OF STUDY.—The course of study pursued in the Seminaryextends over a period of four years, and comprises lecturesand instruction on the following subjects: 1. The Bible; 2. Tal-mud of Babylon and Jerusalem; 3. Jewish History and the Historyof Jewish Literature, with specimen readings; 4. Theology andCatechism; 5. Homiletics, including a proper training in elocu-


tion and pastoral work; 6. Instruction in Hazanut is provided,and is optional with members of the Senior Class.

REQUIREMENTS FOR ADMISSION.—Students desiring to enter theSeminary as candidates for the degree of Rabbi must be membersof the Jewish faith, of good moral character, and should havereceived from a university or college in good standing the degreeof Bachelor of Arts or such other equivalent degree as shall beapproved by the faculty. Students attending universities andcolleges which permit the election of professional or post-graduatestudies as the major portion of the work of the senior year, andwho are otherwise properly qualified, may be admitted to the reg-ular Rabbinical Course upon the presentation of a certificateof the satisfactory completion of their three years' college work,provided they present satisfactory assurance that they willimmediately proceed to obtain their Bachelor's Degree. In viewof the elective system in American colleges, it is strongly recom-mended to students intending to enter the Seminary that theyespecially devote themselves during their college course to thefollowing subjects: English literature, rhetoric, and composi-tion; ancient and medieval history; philosophy, psychology, andlogic; German, Greek, and Latin. In the case of students pre-senting a certificate from a European institution, the Englishrequirements may be temporarily waived, with the understanding,however, that the prescribed English must be completed beforefinal graduation. Candidates for admission are expected to passsuccessfully an entrance examination on the following subjects:Elementary grammar of the Hebrew language and of BiblicalAramaic, including the paradigm of the verb and noun; the wholeof the Pentateuch, translation and interpretation at sight, andthe Book of Genesis with Targum Onkelos and the commentaryof Rashi and Rashi characters; the book of Judges (with the ex-ception of the Song of Deborah); Isaiah I-XII; Psalms I-XXII;Daniel 1-3; the second Order of the Mishna, Seder Moed, with theexception of the Tractates Erubin, Betzah, and Hagigah; Gemara,the first Perek of Tractate Berakot, pages 1-13; general acquaint-ance with the contents of the Prayer Book; general acquaintancewith Jewish history. Every student who is a candidate for adegree is expected to observe the Jewish Sabbath and to conformto the Jewish dietary laws.

Special students not candidates for degrees may be admitted tothe classes of the Seminary.

Harvard University has established a group leading to theBachelor's Degree which includes the foregoing subjects requiredfor admission, and Columbia University, the University of Penn-sylvania, Johns Hopkins University, and the University of Chi-cago have agreed to provide instruction necessary for admission

THE JEWISH THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY 261

to the Seminary. The Gratz College, of Philadelphia, preparesstudents for admission to the Seminary.

There is no tuition fee at the Seminary, and regular studentsare admitted to the courses of Columbia University free of charge.The Seminary has no dormitories, and does not provide lodgingor board for students.

SCHOLARSHIPS.—A scolarship of the value of two hundred andfifty dollars per annum has been established by the Board of Di-rectors in memory of Joseph Blumenthal, to be awarded annuallyby the President of the Faculty, after consultation with theFaculty, to the most deserving student of the Senior Class. ThePhiladelphia Branch of the Seminary offers for the scholasticyear 1904-1905 four scholarships of the value of two hundredand fifty dollars each to the candidates passing the best entranceexaminations. These scholarships will be known as the Phila-delphia Scholarships, and, other things being equal, preferencein their award will be given to students from Philadelphia.

PRIZES.—Prizes have been announced as follows for the aca-demic year 1904-1905: 1. The Laemmlein Buttenwieser BiblePrize—value forty dollars: " Textual Repetitions and Quotationsin the Book of Jeremiah." 2. The Laemmlein ButtenwieserTalmud Prize—value forty dollars: " Composition of the TractateAbot, critically analyzed." 3. The Aaron Friedenwald Prize inJewish Theology—value forty dollars: " Individual Prayers inRabbinic Literature, their influence on the Liturgy, and theirtheological significance." 4. The Alexander Kohut MemorialPrize—value forty dollars: " The use and the meaning of the termRuah ha-Kodesh in the Targumin and in the Rabbinical Liter-ature."

ENTRANCE EXAMINATIONS.—The entrance examinations will beheld on Thursday, October 6, 1904, beginning at 10.30 a. m. TheSeminary will be open for instruction on Monday, October 10,1904. Instruction in the Teachers' Course will begin on Monday,October 17, when candidates for admission are expected to pre-sent themselves.

FACULTY.—President and Professor of Jewish Theology, Profes-sor Solomon Schechter, M. A., Litt. D. (Cantab.); Sabato MoraisProfessor of Biblical Literature and Exegesis: Israel Friedlaender,Ph.D. (Strassburg); Professor of Talmud: Louis Ginzberg, Ph. D.(Heidelberg); Professor of History: Alexander Marx, Ph. D.(Konigsberg); Professor of Homiletics, Reverend Joseph MayorAsher, B. A., M. A. (Owens College, Victoria University, Man-chester) ; Instructor in the Bible and Hebrew Grammar and Act-ing Reader in the Codes, Bernard Drachman, Ph. D. (Heidel-berg); Instructor in the Talmud, Joshua A. Joffe'; Hazan and

17


Instructor in Hazanut, Reverend Simon Jacobson; Tutor of Elo-cution, Grenville Kleiser; Tutor of English, Eugene H. Lehman.

LIBRARY STAFF.—Principal Librarian, Professor AlexanderMarx; Assistant Librarian, George Alexander Kohut.

PUBLICATIONS.—The following Publications have been issuedduring 1903-1904: 1. "Teachers' Course," 1903; 2. "Register1904-1905," 1904.

OFFICERS AND BOARD OF DIRECTORS.—President, Cyrus Adler;Vice-President, Newman Cowen; Honorary Secretary, IrvingLehman; Treasurer, Daniel Guggenheim. Directors: for life,Jacob H. Schiff, Daniel Guggenheim, Mayer Sulzberger, CyrusAdler, Simon Guggenheim, Adolphus S. Solomons, Felix M.Warburg, Philip S. Henry, Louis Marshall; elected for one year,Newman Cowen, Simon M. Roeder, Harry Friedenwald, IrvingLehman, Samuel Greenbaum, Morris Loeb and William Gerstley.Executive Committee: Louis Marshall, chairman; Jacob H. Schiff,Daniel Guggenheim, Mayer Sulzberger, Simon M. Roeder, togetherwith the President and the Vice-President, ex-ofltcio.

THE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION OF THE JEWISH THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY

The Fourth Annual Reunion of the Alumni Association of theJewish Theological Seminary of America was held on June 5,1904, in the building of the Seminary in New York. There weretwo sessions, one in the morning and one in the afternoon. Twopapers were read: "The Establishment of the Bet Din inAmerica," by the Rev. Julius H. Greenstone, of Philadelphia; and" Circuit Preaching," by the Rev. Herman Abramowitz, of Mont-real, Canada. Inquiry into the feasibility of establishing a BetDin and the formulating of a plan of operation, if it should befound feasible, were referred to a committee consisting of JuliusH. Greenstone, Philadelphia, Pa.; H. M. Speaker, Philadelphia,Pa.; C. H. Kauvar, Denver, Colo.; C. I. Hoffman, Indianapolis,Ind.; and Gerson B. Levi, Helena, Ark. The question of CircuitPreaching was referred to the following committee: H. Abram-owitz, Montreal, Can.; C. I. Hoffman, and B. C. Ehrenreich,Philadelphia, Pa.

During the year the Association established a prize to beknown as " The Alumni Prize," which is to be awarded to thestudent writing the best paper on a subject assigned by theAlumni Association. This year it was won by Abraham E.Dobrzynski, the subject being " Tehinnot."

On the evening of June 4, after the Commencement exercisesat the Seminary, the Alumni Association tendered a reception tothe class just graduated. The reception was held in the SeminaryAssembly Rooms.

NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF JEWISH CHARITIES 263

OFFICERS AND EXECUTIVE COUNCIL.—President, M. M. Eichler,Philadelphia, Pa.; Vice-President, Dr. J. H. Hertz, Johannesburg,South Africa; Recording Secretary, B. C. Ehrenreich, 1914 NorthFranklin, Philadelphia, Pa.; Corresponding Secretary, HermanAbramowitz, Montreal, Can.; Treasurer, Leon H. Elmaleh, Phila-delphia, Pa.; S. Reich, J. H. Greenstone, C. H. Kauvar, H. M.Speaker, M. Mandel, and M. Waldman.

THE NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF JEWISH CHARITIES INTHE UNITED STATES

The Third Biennial Meeting of the National Conference ofJewish Charities in the United States was held in New YorkCity, May 24-27, 1904. The Conference now comprises the fol-lowing 75 organizations:Albany, N. Y., Hebrew Benevolent Society; Secretary, the Rev.

Dr. M. Schlesinger, 334 Hudson Av.Atlanta, Ga., Hebrew Benevolent Society; President, A. Benjamin,

care of Standard Ice Co. Home for Hebrew Orphans; Secre-tary, Max Cohen, 509 7th, N. W., Washington, D. C.

Baltimore, Md., Hebrew Benevolent Society; Secretary, M. Bren-ner, 411 W. Fayette.

Boston, Mass, (see also Mattapan), Federation of Hebrew Char-ities; Superintendent, Max Mitchell, 43 Hawkins. HebrewWomen's Sewing Society; Secretary, Miss Ida Engel, 23Arborway, Jamaica Plain.

Buffalo, N. Y., Hebrew Board of Charities; President, J. L. Sapers-ton, Main and Seneca.

Butte, Mont., Hebrew Benevolent Society; Secretary, L. Heiman.Chicago, 111., United Hebrew Charities; Secretary, A. J. Pflaum,

1215 Association Building. Home for Jewish Orphans; Secre-tary, S. Ettelson, Fort Dearborn Building.

Charleston, S. C, Hebrew Benevolent Society; Montague Triest,54 Wentworth.

Chattanooga, Tenn., Mizpah Relief Society; Secretary, H. Good-man, Market.

Cincinnati, O., United Jewish Charities; President, Max Senior,731 W. 6th.

Cleveland, O., Hebrew Benevolent Society; Secretary, M. Wurten-berg, 183 Orange. Jewish Orphan Asylum; Secretary, S.Wolfenstein.

Columbus, O., Hebrew Benevolent Society; President, W. N.Osterman.

Dallas, Tex., Hebrew Benevolent Society; President, Joseph Wolf.


Dayton, O., Ladies' Hebrew Benevolent Society; President, Mrs.Minnie Haas, 22 DeKalb.

Denver, Colo., Jewish Charity Association; Secretary, Mrs. H.Siegel, Pioneer Building.

Des Moines, la., Hebrew Ladies' Benevolent Society; President,Mrs. H. Hirsch, 1605 High.

Detroit, Mich., United Jewish Charities; Secretary, A. Benjamin,118 E. High.

Evansville, Ind., Hebrew Ladies' Benevolent Society; PresidentMrs. M. Oberdorfer, 1245 Upper 1st.

Houston, Tex., Beth Israel Benevolent Society; Secretary, JonasLevy, 317 Main. United Hebrew Benevolent Society; Secre-tary, Mrs. Ella Altmont, 10 Jackson.

Indianapolis, Ind., Ladies' Hebrew Benevolent Society; Secretary,Mrs. H. Marks, 22 N. Michigan.

Kansas City, Mo., United Jewish Charities; President, W. J.Berkowitz, 1920 Wyandotte.

Lafayette, Ind., Jewish Ladies' Aid Society; Secretary, Mrs. R.Oppenheimer, 604 N. 6th.

Lancaster, Pa., United Hebrew Charity Association; Secretary,L. R. Giesenberger, 123 E. King.

Little Rock, Ark., Hebrew Benevolent Society; Secretary, Rabbi L.Wolsey, 1419 Louisiana.

Louisville, Ky., United Hebrew Relief Association; Secretary,G. S. Rosenberg, 310 E. Walnut.

Los Angeles, Cal., Hebrew Benevolent Society; Secretary, I. Sal-monson, Hellman Building.

Mattapan, Mass., Leopold Morse Home and Orphanage; President,Godfrey Morse.

Memphis, Tenn., United Hebrew Relief Association; President,Dr. M. Samfleld, 104 Adams.

Milwaukee, Wis., Hebrew Relief Association; President, A. L.Saltzstein, Mack Block.

Minneapolis, Minn., Hebrew Ladies' Benevolent Society; Secre-tary, Mrs. Charles Moss, 2104 Portland Av.

Mobile, Ala., Hebrew Benevolent Society; President, S. Haas.Montgomery, Ala., United Hebrew Charities; President, B. Wolff,

100 Commerce.Nashville, Tenn., United Hebrew Relief Association; President,

Dr. I. Lewinthal, 1912 West End Av.Natchez, Miss., Hebrew Relief Association; Secretary, Rabbi S. G.

Bottigheimer.Newark, N. J., Hebrew Benevolent Society; Gabriel J. Kempe,

530 Clinton Av. Hebrew Orphan Asylum, Secretary, GabrielJ. Kempe, 530 Clinton Av.

NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF JEWISH CHARITIES 265

New Haven, Conn., Hebrew Benevolent Society; Secretary, F. M.Adler, care of Strouse, Adler and Co.

New Orleans, La., Hebrew Benevolent Society; President, Dr. I. L.Leucht, P. O. Drawer 431. Association for Relief of JewishWidows and Orphans; Superintendent, Michael Heyman, St.Charles and Peters.

New York City, N. Y., United Hebrew Charities; Manager, Dr.L. K. Frankel, 356 Second Av.

Oakland, Cal., Daughters of Israel Relief Society; Secretary, Mrs.G. Cohn, 1142 Filbert.

Peoria, 111., Hebrew Relief Association; President, W. F. Wolfner.Philadelphia, Pa., Home for Hebrew Orphans; President, H. H.

Ginsberg, 10th and Bainbridge. Orphans Guardians Society;Secretary, Samuel Goodman, 116 N. 3d. United Hebrew Char-ities; President, Max Herzberg, 636 N. 6th. Jewish FosterHome; Secretary, Benjamin F. Teller (deceased), Mill St.,Germantown, Pa.

Pittsburg, Pa., United Hebrew Relief Association; President, A.Lippman, Second National Bank Building.

Portland, Ore., First Hebrew Benevolent Society; Secretary, S.Blumauer, 108 Fourth. Jewish Women's Benevolent Society,Secretary, Mrs. Ben Selling, 434 Main.

Richmond, Va., Hebrew Ladies' Benevolent Society; President,Mrs. A. Levy, 101 Marshall.

Rochester, N. Y., United Jewish Charities; Secretary, Dr. MaxLandsberg, 420 Main. Jewish Orphan Asylum Association ofWestern New York; Secretary, Dr. Max Landsberg, 420 Main.

St. Joseph, Mo., Jewish Ladies' Benevolent Society; Secretary,Mrs. Julius Rosenblatt, 410 N. 6th.

St. Louis, Mo., Jewish Charitable and Educational Union; Secre-tary, Bernard Greensfelder, 701 Commonwealth Trust Build-ing.

St. Paul, Minn., Jewish Relief Society; President, Mrs. J. M. Sil-berstein, 216 E. Summit Av. Bikur Cholim Society; Presi-dent, Mrs. S. Mark, 589 Pine.

Salt Lake City, Utah, Jewish Relief Society; President, Mrs.Jacob Bamberger, 539 E. 1st South.

San Antonio, Tex., Montefiore Benevolent Society; President, M.Friedman, care of D. and A. Oppenheimer.

San Francisco, Cal., Eureka Benevolent Association; President,Charles Hirsch, 308 Market. Pacific Hebrew Orphan Asylum;President, S. W. Levy, 212 Sansome.

Savannah, Ga., Ladies' Hebrew Benevolent Society; Secretary,Mrs. S. L. Lazaron, 124 Park Av.

Scranton, Pa., Jewish Ladies' Relief Society; Secretary, Mrs. M.Simmons, 415 Madison Av.


Syracuse, N. Y., United Jewish Charities; President, Rev. A. Gutt-man, 102 Walnut Place.

Terre Haute, Ind., Jewish Aid Society; Secretary, Rabbi EmilLeipziger, 706 S. 5th.

Toledo, O., Hebrew Ladies' Benevolent Society; Secretary, Mrs. N.Kaufman, 211 Scottwood Av.

Vicksburg, Miss., Ladies' Hebrew Benevolent Society; Secretary,Mrs. Gabriel Brown, 114 Baum.

Washington, D. C, United Hebrew Charities; Secretary, J. Sol-omon, Columbian Building.

Wheeling, W. Va., United Jewish Charities; President, RabbiHarry Levi, P. O. Box 121.

Wilkes-Barre, Pa., Young Men's Hebrew Association Ladies'Auxiliary; Secretary, Miss Pamela Constine, 51 Public Square.

Wilmington, Del., Hebrew Charity Association; President, MorrisLevy, 210 Market.

Over a hundred delegates attended the Conference. The pro-gram covered the entire field of Jewish philanthropy. The fol-lowing is a list of the papers presented:

May 24, Temple Emanu-El. Jacob H. Schiff, Chairman Recep-tion Committee, presided. Addresses were given by Jacob H.Schiff, New York; George B. McClellan, Mayor of New York; Dr.Jeffrey R. Brackett, Boston; Robert W. Hebbard, Albany, and MaxHerzberg, Philadelphia.

May 25, The Hebrew Charities Building. Paper: " Adequacy ofRelief," by Solomon Lowenstein, New York. Discussion by MaxMitchell, Boston; E. Rubovits, Chicago; B. Greensfelder, St.Louis; the Rev. Leo M. Franklin, Detroit, and Boris Bogen, Cin-cinnati. General Discussion: "How to Help the Unskilled."Papers: "Women with Children," Mrs. William Einstein, NewYork; " Men without Trades," William Kahn, New York.

The Hebrew Orphan Asylum. Address: Edward Lauterbach,New York. Papers: " The Ideal Orphan Home," by MichaelHeyman, New Orleans; "What becomes of our Graduates?" byRudolph I. Coffee, New York; " Placing Out of Jewish Children,"by Lee K. Prankel, New York. Discussion: Rev. Dr. I. L. Leucht,New Orleans; Rev. Dr. Max Landsberg, Rochester.

May 26, The Educational Alliance. Address: Isidor Straus,New York. Papers: "Delinquent Girls," by Miss Rosetta Stone,New York; "Preventive Work Among Girls," by Dr. Bertha P.Lubitz, New York. Discussion: Miss Rose Sommerfeld, NewYork; Mrs. Sol. Selig, Philadelphia. " Preventive Work on theEast Side," by Dr. David Blaustein, New York; A. H. Fromenson,New York.

THE NATIONAL FARM SCHOOL 267

May 27, The Hebrew Charities Building. Address: SimonWolf, Washington. Paper: "Work of the Removal Office," byDavid M. Bressler, New York. Discussion: " Work of the Indus-trial Removal Office," Max Senior, Cincinnati; A. W. Rich, Mil-waukee; Nat. Strauss, New Orleans; Bernard Ginsberg, Detroit;the Rev. Isidor Rosenthal, Lancaster; S. H. Frohlichstein, St.Louis. Subject: '• Federation of Charities." Reports by RabbiMoses J. Gries, Cleveland; Bernard Ginsberg-, Detroit; Louis Wolf,Philadelphia; Julian W. Mack, Chicago; Max Senior, Cincinnati.

Divine service was held at Beth-El Synagogue; the sermon wasdelivered by the Rev. Dr. Samuel Sale, St. Louis.

The delegates were afforded every opportunity for the inspec-tion of the numerous institutions of New York City. They spentan entire afternoon on the lower East Side, thus securing, at firsthand, knowledge of the conditions there existing as a result ofthe overcrowding. There can be no doubt that by reason of thisthe work of the Industrial Removal Office will be greatly assistedby the co-operation of the interior communities.

Another result of the session is the appointment of a committeeto devise means for the establishment of a National Child-PlacingBureau, to obviate the commitment of dependent children to in-stitutions whenever some other treatment may be preferable.

The Committee on Scholarships reported that since the lastConference three men had been given training in social work.

OFFICERS AND EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.—President, Julian W.Mack, Chicago, 111.; Vice-Presidents, Bernard Ginsberg, Detroit,Mich.; Mrs. Jacob Wirth, St. Paul, Minn; Treasurer, O. H. Rosen-baum, Pittsburg, Pa.; Secretary, Solomon Lowenstein, 356 SecondAv., New York City; Max Senior, Cincinnati, O.; Max Herzberg,Philadelphia, Pa.; Nathan Bijur, New York City; the Rev. Dr. I. L.Leucht, New Orleans, La.; Dr. J. H. Hollander, Baltimore, Md.;the Rev. Dr. Samuel Sale, St. Louis, Mo.; A. W. Rich, Milwaukee,Wis.

* THE NATIONAL FARM SCHOOLThe Seventh Annual Meeting and Pilgrimage of the National

Farm School was held October 11, 1903, on the grounds of theSchool, at Farm School, near Doylestown, Bucks Co., Pa.

The President reported that the assets of the Farm School con-sisted of ten substantial buildings, twenty cows, ten horses, apoultry yard, a duck pond, a sheep fold, and pig-pens, the whole,together with the grounds, covering one square mile, valued at$75,000.


The Director reported that telephones had been installed ineach building, a station and post-office established, and individualgardens introduced in the Horticultural Department.

At the opening of the school term in September, 1903, therewere 34 students: Seniors, 5; Juniors, 9; Sophomores, 12; Fresh-men, 8.

For the year ending October 1, 1903, the receipts from mem-bership dues and general donations were $6,472.50, and from othersources $9700.34, which together with the cash on hand at thebeginning of the year, $1,887.02, made the funds available $18,-059.86. The expenditures for the same period were $16,522.68,leaving a balance of $1,537.18 on hand, and unpaid bills to theamount of $3000.

In addition to the memorial buildings reported before, a coldstorage plant will be erected in memory of Henry Heyman, byhis wife and family.

Diplomas were awarded to four graduates, constituting thefourth class graduated from the school, on June 12, 1904. All thegraduates were provided with positions. In connection with thegraduation exercises Memorial Trees were planted.

FACULTY.—President, Joseph Krauskopf, D. D.; Director andProfessor of Agricultural Chemistry, John Hosea Washburn,Ph.D. (Gottingen); Professor of Agriculture, Superintendent ofFarm, Lucius J. Shepard, B. Sc. (Maine Agricultural College);Professor of Agricultural Physics and Literature, and Mathe-matics, Isaac Bradlee Gage, A. B. (Tufts College); Professor ofHorticulture, Superintendent of the Grounds, Warren B. Madison,B. Sc. (Rhode Island College); Professor of Veterinary Scienceand Farm Hygiene, W. G. Benner, V. S.; Director of DomesticWork, and Matron, Mrs. John R. Histand; Assistant in Agricul-ture, George Hoops; Stenographer, and Superintendent of Re-pairs, John R. Histand.

OFFICERS AND BOARD OF DIRECTORS.—President, Joseph Kraus-kopf, 122 W. Manheim, Germantown, Pa.; Vice-President, MorrisA. Kaufmann; Treasurer, Frank H. Bachman; Secretary, HarryFelix, 258 Zeralda, Germantown, Pa.; Sidney Aloe, Hart Blumen-thal, Adolph Eichholz, Esq., Simon Friedberger, Adolph Grant,Alfred M. Klein, Howard A. Loeb, Joseph Loeb, Isaac H. Silver-man, Jos. N. Snellenburg, Benj. F. Teller (deceased), HarryTutelman.

THE NATIONAL JEWISH HOSPITAL FOR CONSUMPTIVES

The following report of the National Jewish Hospital for Con-sumptives at Denver, Colo., covers the period from January 1,

JEWISH HOSPITAL FOR CONSUMPTIVES 269

1903, to May 1, 1904, four months more than the calendar year.This is due to the fact that by a resolution of the National Boardthe fiscal year now begins on May 1.

The subscriptions for the sixteen months to May 1, 1904, were$57,154.80, with a balance of $2856.56 making a total of $60,000.46.The cost of maintenance during this period was $39,704.98; ofadministration, $5254.80; of equipment, $883.37; of propaganda,$7351.90, leaving a balance of $6816.41 in the treasury on May 1,1904.

The sinking fund, started in 1902, now stands at $5638.79. Sub-scriptions to this fund during the sixteen months were $3200.Of the total $4000 is invested at 4 per cent.

The special building fund, started by Mr. Adolph Lewisohnwith $5000, was increased by subscriptions to $9350. Of this$3540 was expended in the purchase of hospital lots, and $471.19in grading, etc., leaving on hand a balance of $5428.81. The addi-tional subscription of $5000 for the Guggenheim Pavilion made byM. Guggenheim's Sons was expended on that structure.

The cash on hand in all the funds May 1, 1904, was $14,266.36.ADMISSIONS AND DISMISSIONS.—January 1, 1903: Patients in

hospital, 69; admitted during the year, 165; total treated duringthe year, 234; recovered, 37; greatly improved, 45; slightly im-proved, 30; unimproved, 35; not tubercular, 4; died, 4; in hospi-tal, 79.

Recapitulation since the opening of institution: Patients ad-mitted from December 10, 1899, to January 1, 1903, 389; fromJanuary 1, 1903, to December 1, 1903, 165; total admitted fromDecember 10, 1899, to January 1, 1904, 554; in hospital January1, 1904, 79. Daily average number of patients during 1903, 78.3;discharged from December 10, 1899, to January 1, 1903, 288; diedfrom December 10, 1899, to January 1, 1903, 32; total, 320; dis-charged from January 1 to December 31, 1903, 151; died, 4; total155. Discharged from December 10, 1899, to January 1, 1904, 439;died, 36; total, 475.

Daily per capita expenses during 1903: for maintenance, $1.10;for maintenance and other expenses, $1.48.

The term " greatly improved," as used in the above report, isintended to convey that, though not entirely recovered, patientshave so much improved that they are able to follow their usualvocations amid the proper sanitary surroundings, and in most in-stances are able to support themselves and their families.

In the list of patients since December, 1899, nearly every Stateand every city of note in the country has been represented.

18


RECORD OF CONDITION OF HOSPITAL PATIENTS PROM OPENING OPTHE HOSPITAL TO THE PRESENT DAY

Con

di-

tion

on

Ent

er-

ing

the

Hos

pi-

tal

Con

diti

on o

nL

eavi

ng t

he

Hos

pita

l

Incipientand First

StageCases

Unim

proved.

Recovered . .

Improved. . .

48 30 123 8 . .47 37 2

1• « •6 .

3 .26

2221

2 15

Cases inSecondStage

Unim

proved.

Recovered . .

Improved. . .

31 .14 .18 .3 .1 .4 .

15 .116 .

2

i8153

i5

Cases inThirdStage

Unim

proved.

Recovered . .

Improved. . .

4 . . . .5 .2 .3 .

'i '.4 .1 .

'3 '.

29

. 293

. 21

. 12

Present Condition

Remained in Denver. Well.Remained in West. Well.Returned home. Well.Unsatisfactory cond'n in Denver.Unsatisfactory cond'n in West.Unsatisfactory cond'n at home.Died in Denver.Died in West.Died at home.Whereabouts and history unkn'n.

It will be noted in the above statistics that a great many deathsoccurred during the first year. This is due to the fact that asthere was room in the institution, patients who were in the laststages were taken in because they had no shelter, nor care, norfood. Again, that many patients lost ground or died after leav-ing the institution markedly improved, was due to severalcauses. Most of them left the institution before they ought tohave done so and against the advice of the medical attendants,because they felt their strength returning and were anxious to pro-vide for themselves and their families. They could not be made tounderstand that the improvement in their condition would not lastunless a longer time were given to build up the system. Othersreceived letters from home describing the want and privationsother members of the family were suffering. Whether warrantedor not, such news produced worry and home-sickness in the pa-tients, and they returned to their homes to take care of theirfamilies. Others, again, notwithstanding the attending physi-cians' advice to remain in Colorado after discharge, returned totheir old homes and to the same conditions that caused thedisease in the first instance, and succumbed. However, as shownby the tabulated statistics, a relatively large number of dis-charged patients are at their former homes and are doing well.

JEWISH HOSPITAL FOR CONSUMPTIVES 271

In considering the statistics, the reader must remember that veryfew incipient cases are received in the hospital. The class ofpatients cared for by the Hospital do not have the opportunity todiscover incipient consumption, and even if they should, theyhave not the means to take care of themselves at once. Otherwiseresults would he greater still.

The rules governing the admission of patients to the Hospitalhave received the endorsement of the authorities of the AgnesMemorial Hospital, Denver, founded by Lawrence Phipps in honorof his mother, and endowed with a very large fund. The organ-izers of this institution inspected the best hospitals of Europeand America, and in the end adopted, with slight alterations, therules of the National Jewish Hospital for Consumptives, whichthe latter, being at the time of its establishment the only chari-table institution in America for the free treatment of thetuberculous poor, had formulated as the result of its own exper-ience. The modifications made by the Agnes Memorial Hospitaltend to make the rules more stringent. As in the National JewishHospital, only curable cases are accepted, but the time limit issix instead of twelve months. By reason of the longer limit theJewish Hospital is continually confronted with the problem ofcaring for those who are dismissed either becauce of the expira-tion of their time or because they are found incurable. In allcases a guarantee for the care or the return of the patient to hisor her home is on hand. But the return is often undesirable, andcommittees are now at work to solve this problem, so that lightlabor for a period after dismissal can be provided. That wouldgive many a slowly-improving patient an opportunity to get thefull benefit of the climate. It is highly desirable that patientsbefore attempting to go to the Hospital, or those interested inpatients, shall acquaint themselves with the rules governing theadmissions of patients. They will be found in full on pp. 151-153,AMERICAN JEWISH YEAB BOOK, 5664.

The Guggenheim Pavilion, dedicated January 25, 1903, was thegift of M. Guggenheim's Sons, and was erected at a cost of$35,000 in memory of their mother Barbara Guggenheim. This,though it increased the facilities appreciably, has not fully metthe needs of the institution. The waiting list is crowded largelywith women. There is urgent need of a new woman's pavilionso that the segregation of the sexes may be more strict, besidesgiving the additional much-needed room.

During the summer of 1904 a stretch of ground in front of theHospital was cleared and seeded. The free use of this frontageis given by the New York owners of the property until such atime as it shall be disposed of.

The Hospital management has in contemplation the immediate


erection of two long tents with adjustible sides. These will ma-terially assist the patients in getting the greatest possible goodout of the open air.

OFFICERS.—President, Samuel Grabfelder, Louisville, Ky.; FirstVice-President, Sol. "W. Levi, Cincinnati, O.; Second Vice-Presi-dent, Louis Gerstley, Philadelphia, Pa.; Treasurer, Benj. Alt-heimer, St. Louis, Mo.; Secretary, Alfred Muller, 521%-526 Ernstand Cranmer Building, Denver, Colo.; Field Secretary, Mrs. S.Pisko, Denver, Colo.

TRUSTEES AT DENVER.—Rabbi W. S. Friedman, Meyer Friedman,and Simon Guggenheim.

AUXILIARY BOARD OF DIRECTORS.—Jos. Hirsch, David Kaufman,Rabbi David Marks, Atlanta, Ga.; Rabbi H. Schlesinger, Albany,N. Y.; Rabbi Dr. L. Mayer, Dr. Edward E. Mayer, Allegheny City;Abe Morgenroth, Anderson, Ind.; Mrs. Levi S. Levor, Attica, Ind.;Rev. Dr. Isidore Philo, Akron, 0.; Samuel Katzenstein, Alliance,O.; Mrs. Edna Weil Dreyfus, Boston, Mass.; Herman Wile,Buffalo, N. Y.; Mrs. Jos. Siegel, Butte, Mont.; Samuel Ullman, Bir-mingham, Ala.; Sigmund B. Sonneborn, A. A. Brager, Baltimore,Md.; Oscar Mandel, Bloomington, 111.; B. Blum, Bellaire, 0.;Leo Newman, Braddock, Pa.; L. E. Oppenheim, Bay City, Mich.;Leo A. Loeb, E. J. Kohn, Mrs. Hannah G. Solomon, Israel Cowen,Chicago, 111.; Ed. Goodman, Columbus, Ohio; Martin A. Marks,Cleveland, O.; Sol. W. Levi, Max Senior, Abe Bloch, Cincinnati,O.; J. M. Kaufman, Champaign, 111.; Mrs. Leopold Rauh, Dayton,O.; E. M. Kahn, Dallas, Tex.; Milton D. Goldman, Des Moines, la.;Alfred Rothschild, Detroit, Mich.; S. Plaut, Danville, 111.; HenryBachrach, Decatur, 111.; Louis S. Loeb, Duluth, Minn.; Philip W.Frey, Evansville, Ind.; Louis Levy, Eau Claire, Wis.; M. Eppstein,Frankfort, Ky.; Rabbi A. Brill, Greenville, Miss.; Nate Salinger,Goshen, Ind.; Jacob Ely, Grand Rapids, Mich.; Morris Baldauf,Henderson, Ky.; Mrs. Herman Gans, Rabbi Jacob Mielziner,Helena, Mont.; Sol. S. Kiser, Mrs. Emma Eckhouse, Indianapolis,Ind.; Nathan Lorie, Kansas City, Mo.; S. Schnewind, Kokomo,Ind.; Rabbi Louis Wolsey, Max Heiman, Louis M. Levy, LittleRock, Ark.; Henry C. Mayer, Lincoln Neb.; Henry Doob, LaSalle,111.; Harris Newmark, Rabbi Dr. S. Hecht, H. W. Frank, LosAngeles, Cal.; D. W. Stern, La Porte, Ind.; Henry Loevenhart, Lex-ington, Ky.; N. L. Michael, Lima, Ohio; Joseph Wiler, Logansport,Ind.; Frank Atlass, Lincoln, 111.; Hy. M. Oberndorfer, M. D.Newald, Mrs. I. D. Adler, Charles Friend, Paul Sidenberg, Mil-waukee; J. M. Davis, Minneapolis, Minn.; Rabbi W. H. Fine-shriber, Moline, 111.; Elias Lowenstein, Memphis, Tenn.; M.Mohr, Montgomery, Ala.; E. E. Richard, Mobile, Ala.; Leo Nuss-baum, Marion, Ind.; Louis Katz, Mattoon, 111.; Lee Rosenbaum,Mt. Vernon, Ind.; Henry Strelitz, Marion, O.; Jacob Aarons, Man-

ORDER BRITH ABRAHAM 273

istee, Mich.; Max Bachman, McKeesport, Pa.; Archibald A.Marx, Isidore Newman, Sr., Rabbi I. L. Leucht, New Orleans, La.;Mrs. Ludwig Dreyfus, Mrs. Hannah B. Einstein, Ignatius Rice,Jos. E. Shoenberg, H. Sirotta, Simon Guggenheim, Adolph Lewi-sohn, Louis Stern, Mrs. Ira L. Bamberger, New York; Jos. Goetz,Newark, N. J.; Wm, Herman, Nashville, Tenn.; Rabbi S. G.Bottigheimer, Natchez, Miss.; Joseph H. Ullman, New Haven,Conn.; Sol. Kahn, Oakland, Cal.; Ben Wile, Owensboro, Ky.; MaxBamberger, Louis Gerstley, Philadelphia; Philip Hamburger, M.Oppenheimer, A. Lippman, O. H. Rosenbaum, Rabbi J. LeonardLevy, D. D., Pittsburg; Samuel Woolner Peoria, 111.; Benj. F.Koperlik, Pueblo, Colo.; Jos. L. Friedman, Paducah, Ky.; RabbiJos. S. Kornfeld, Pine Bluff, Ark.; Rabbi Dr. Stephen S. Wise, BenSelling, I. M. Fleischner, Portland, Ore.; Ike L. Price, Paris, Ky.;Felix Levy, Peru, Ind.; Abe Louis, Piqua, O.; Sol. Spear, Ply-mouth, O.; Rabbi Edward N. Calisch, Richmond, Va.; B. Roth-schild, Toby Meyer, Martin Wolf, Rochester; Ben Altheimer, Chas.H. Stix, Mrs. Aug. Frank, J. D. Goldman, St. Louis; J. West-heimer, St. Paul, Minn.; Dr. O. A. Blumenthal, Syracuse, N. Y.;Rabbi M. P. Jacobson, Shreveport, La.; Samuel Westheimer, St.Joseph, Mo.; Judge M. C. Sloss, Rev. Dr. J. Nieto, M. J. Branden-stein, Phil. N. Aronson, I. W. Hellman, Jr., Bert Hecht, SanfordGoldstein, Moses Gunst, Abe Brown, Jacob Greenebaum, Lucius L.Solomons, Rabbi Jacob Voorsanger, Ben Schloss, San Francisco,Cal.; Leo Kohn, Seattle, Wash.; Leo S. Schwabacher, Seattle,Wash.; Samuel R. Stern, Spokane, Wash.; F. L. Womser, Scran-ton, Pa.; Sol. Goldsmith, Scranton, Pa.; Albert Elkus, Sacramento,Cal.; Joseph Rosenheim, Savannah, Ga.; Mrs. Jacob Rothschild,Springfield, Mo.; S. Grossman, South Bend, Ind.; B. Engle, Shelby-ville, Ky.; S. Altshul, Jr., Springfield, O.; Rabbi S. Freudenthal,Trinidad, Colo.; J. Lasalle, Rev. Chas. J. Freund, Toledo, Ohio;Harry T. Schloss, Terre Haute, Ind.; S. Benda, Traverse City,Mich.; S. Stettheimer, Titusville, Pa.; Joseph Hirsh, Rabbi S. L.Kory, Vicksburg, Miss.; Simon Wolf, Washington, D. C; LouisSchloss, Wilkes-Barre, Pa.; Henry New, Wabash, Ind.; S. M. Rice,Wheeling, W. Va.; Leo Guthman, Youngstown, O.; Julius Frank,Zanesville, Ohio.

ORDER BRITH ABRAHAMThe year 5664 was intermediate between two biennial sessions

of the Order Brith Abraham. Grand Secretary, Leonard Leiser-sohn, Florence Building, Second Av. and First Street, New YorkCity.


ORDER KESHER SHEL BARZELf District Grand Lodge No. 1 of the Order Kesher Shel Barzel

held its Biennial Convention February 14, 1904, in New York City.The President, A. N. Rotholz, in his report advocated the amal-gamation of lodges. The report of the Grand Secretary, MosesGreenbaum, showed the endowment receipts for 1903 to be$13,411.59, and the payments to be $21,500, necessitating a with-drawal of $9,300 from the Reserve Fund, which now stands at$73,044. The number of members is 799. The following officerswere elected: Grand President, A. N. Rotholz; First Grand Vice-President, J. Ankel; Second Grand Vice-President, S. Cahn;Grand Treasurer, Charles Marks; Grand Secretary, Moses Green-baum; Chairman Board of Endowments, L. S. Davidson; Treas-urer Board of Endowments, N. Cowen.

District Grand Lodge No. 3 of the Order Kesher Shel Barzelheld its Annual Convention in Philadelphia, Pa., April 24, 1904.The following officers were elected: President, H. Herzberg,Philadelphia; First Vice-President, Simon Heller, Washington,D. C; Second Vice-President, Isaac L. Greenewald, Wilmington,N. C.; Treasurer, Isaac Alkus, Philadelphia; Secretary, Sam'lW. Goodman, 116 North 3d, Philadelphia. The report of theEndowment Commissioner for 1903 showed receipts $30,347.47;disbursements $26,005.10; balance in bank January, 1904, $4342.37.

District Grand Lodge No. 4 of the Order Kesher Shel Barzel, asreported in the last issue of the AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK(p. 154), is engaged in winding up its affairs. Secretary, MaxLiebschutz, 12th and Vine, Cincinnati, O.

f ORDER KNIGHTS OF JOSEPHNo report received. Grand Secretary, J. D. Zinner, 36 Black-

stone Building, Cleveland, Ohio.

PROGRESSIVE ORDER OF THE WESTThe Ninth Annual Convention of the Progressive Order of

the West was held January 31 to February 3, 1904, at St. Louis,Mo., two hundred delegates being present. The Grand Secretaryreported that the receipts from all sources had been $9209.44, towhich must be added $9852.92, the balance on hand after theprevious convention. The disbursements, among them deathclaims to the amount of $5500, were $8375.20, leaving a balanceof $10,687.16 on hand. The number of members, male and female,in the twenty-five lodges of the Order, situated in St. Louis andKansas City, Mo., Kansas City, Kan., and Chicago, 111., was re-

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN CANTORS 275

ported to be 2145. Since the convention this number has in-creased to 2514.

OFFICERS.—Grand Master, M. I. De Vorkin, St. Louis, Mo.; FirstDeputy Grand Master, B. Frank, St. Louis, Mo.; Second DeputyGrand Master, Wolf Kirshbaum, Kansas City, Mo.; Third DeputyGrand Master, James Rosenthal, Chicago, 111.; District Deputies,A. Bayless, Kansas City, Kan.; M. Englander, Kansas City, Mo.;I. Sandier, Chicago, 111.; Grand Treasurer, S. Levitt, St. Louis,Mo.; Beneficial Treasurer, John Ellman, St. Louis, Mo.; GrandSecretary, Gus. Cytron, Fraternal Bldg., Room 9, 11th and Frank-lin Av., St. Louis, Mo.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN CANTORSThe work accomplished by the Society of American Cantors

since its reorganization in May, 1903, has established it firmly asa factor in the development of Judaism in America and moreparticularly in the development of the Cantorate in America.

The celebration of the hundredth anniversary of the birth ofSalomon Sulzer, which took place on March 22, 1904, at TempleAhavath Chesed Shaar Hashomayim, New York City, was a not-able event, and it was so considered by the rabbinate and theJewish press of the country and by all persons interested in theregulation of the Jewish divine service. Three addresses weredelivered, one on Salomon Sulzer, by the Rev. A. Kaiser, ofBaltimore, the President of the Society; one by the Rev. Dr. I. S.Moses, of New York City, on " The Cantor as a Religious Func-tionary," and the third by the Rev. Dr. Joseph Silverman, NewYork City. The members of the Society together with the choirsof the various congregations of New York City sang selectionsfrom Sulzer's " Schir Zion." In honor of the occasion the Societyhad published a souvenir volume of selections from this work ofSulzer's, adapting them for use at the Friday evening service inthe American synagogues.

At the suggestion of the Society, the Central Conference ofAmerican Rabbis had fixed a date, the last Sabbath in March,on which all the members of the Conference were requested tospeak to their congregations on the life and influence of Sulzer.In the course of the year there had appeared the first biographicalsketch of Sulzer in the English language, written and publishedby a member of the Society, the Rev. S. Rappaport, New YorkCity.

The First Annual Meeting of the Society of American Cantorssince its reorganization (the Eleventh since its formation) tookplace on March 23, 1904, in New York City. It was resolved topublish the annual report of the Society and include in it the


program of the Sulzer celebration and, in extenso, the three ad-dresses delivered on that occasion. The pamphlet, under the edi-torship of the Rev. S. Rappaport, has since appeared.

At a meeting of the Board of Directors of the Society held atPhiladelphia on April 10, 1904, it was resolved to issue a supple-mentary volume to contain all the music for Sabbath morningand the three Festivals, adapted and arranged for the Americansynagogue.

The following advisory committee was appointed to outline aplan for the future activity of the Society: Chairman, H. Silver-man; Secretary, S. Rappaport, Ed. Kartschmaroff, D. Cahn, Theo.Guinsburg, M. Martin, all of New York City; Ed. Stark, SanFrancisco, Cal.; M. Goldstein, Cincinnati, O.; Wm. Loewenberg,Philadelphia, Pa.

A local branch of the Society for New York City was organizedon November 15, 1903. During the winter of 1903-1904 it under-took to furnish, and did furnish, a cantor, every Saturday after-noon, for the divine service at the Educational Alliance, besidesholding itself ready to meet all local emergencies that arise fromtime to time in the community. A movement is now on foot tomake efforts tending toward uniformity in the worship, music, andhymns of the educational and benevolent institutions of New YorkCity. Offlcers and Trustees.—President, S. Rappaport, 256 W.98th; Vice-President, Ed. Kartschmaroff; Secretary, Joseph Man-delberg; Theo. Guinsburg, D. Cahn.

OFFICERS AND BOARD OF DIRECTOES.—President, Alois Kaiser,Baltimore, Md.; Vice-President, S. Rappaport, New York City;Treasurer, Ed. Kartschmaroff, New York City; Secretary, Wm.Loewenberg, 1842 North 13th, Philadelphia, Pa.; David Cahn,Theo. Guinsburg, and H. Goldstein, New York City.

SOUTHERN RABBINICAL ASSOCIATIONThe Second Annual Convention of the Southern Rabbinical

Association was held March 9-12, 1904, at Birmingham, Ala.There were twenty-four rabbis present, representing the fol-lowing Southern States: Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia,Louisiana, Mississippi, Tennessee, and Texas. The Secretaryreported eight new members, elected during the year.

The first evening of the Convention, the address of welcomewas delivered by Rabbi Morris Newfield, of Birmingham Alathe response by the Rev. Dr. I. L. Leucht, of New Orleans, La."and the president's message by the Rev. Dr. Max Samfleld ofMemphis, Tenn. '

The following papers were presented during the sessions- " The

UNION OF HEBREW CONGREGATIONS 277

Jew as Statesman," by the Rev. Dr. Henry Barnstein, of Houston,Tex.; " Marcus Jastrow—his Life and Times," by Rabbi WolfWillner, of Meridian, Miss.; "The Position and Influence of theSouthern Rabbi among non-Jews," by Rabbi Joseph Blatt, ofColumbus, Ga.; " Methods of Studying the History of SouthernJews and Judaism," by Rabbi Alfred G. Moses, of Mobile, Ala.;" Modern Tendencies in Judaism,' by Rabbi David Wittenberg, ofJacksonville, Fla. An address on " Circuit Work " was also givenby Rabbi George Zepin, Director of Circuit Work of the Union ofAmerican Hebrew Congregations. The Executive Committee pre-sented a report on " Rabbinical Ethics."

The invitation of the Jewish Orphans' Home of New Orleansto meet in that city in January, 1905, and participate in the fiftiethanniversary of the institution, was unanimously accepted.

It was moved to devote an entire day of the next session to adiscussion of Sabbath School Work.

OFFICERS AND EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.—President, Max SamfieldMemphis, Tenn.; Vice-President, George Solomon, Savannah, Ga.Secretary, David Marx, 270 Whitehall, Atlanta, Ga.; Treasurer,Edward S. Levy, Selma, Ala.; I. L. Leucht, New Orleans, La.Morris Newfield, Birmingham, Ala.; Louis Wolsey, Little Rock,Ark.

The session closed with Sabbath Services, the Conference lec-ture being delivered by Rabbi Louis Wolsey, of Little Rock, Ark.,and the Conference sermon by Rabbi George Solomon, of Savan-nah, Ga.

THE UNION OF AMERICAN HEBREW CONGREGATIONSOn July 8, 1904, The Union of American Hebrew Congregations

completed the thirty-first year of its existence. The past yearwas intermediate between two meetings of the Council, whosenext meeting will be held in Chicago, 111., on January 17, 1905.The Union now comprises 128 congregations with an aggregatemembership of fourteen thousand.

The three most important subjects that have occupied theattention of the Executive Officers of The Union of AmericanHebrew Congregations during the past year are: The HebrewUnion College, the organization of Congregations and SabbathSchools, and the protection of the civil rights of Jews where theywere in jeopardy.

HEBREW UNION COLLEGE

During the past year the number of registered students wasthirty-seven. Of these ten were in the Preparatory Department,and twenty-seven in the Collegiate Department.


Ten members of the Senior Class were ordained at the Com-mencement exercises on June 11, 1904, the degree of Rabbi beingconferred by the President, the Rev. Dr. K. Kohler, on Harry W.Ettelson, B. A.; Harry G. Friedman, B. A.; Ephraim Frisch, B. A.;Alfred T. Godshaw, B. A.; Samuel H. Goldenson, B. A.; JosephJasin, B. A.; Leonard J. Rothstein, B. A.; Mendel Silber, B. A.;Joseph H. Stolz, Ph. B.; and Nathan Stern, Ph. D.

Rev. Dr. Samuel Sale, of St. Louis, Mo., delivered the Bac-calaureate sermon.

Many valuable works have been added to the Library during thepast year by purchase, and the card system of cataloguing hasbeen introduced. It is intended to make large additions, by pur-chase, to the Library during the coming year, which will addmaterially to the scientific opportunities offered by the College.

COURSE OF STUDY.—Hebrew Grammar, Bible and its Commen-taries of ancient and modern times, Talmud, Rabbinical Codes,Midrash, Jewish History and Literature, Jewish Philosophy,Liturgies, Pedagogics, Homiletics, Syriac, Arabic, and Aramaic.

SCHOLAESHIPS.—Three annual scholarships have been estab-lished by patrons: The " Solomon Rayner Scholarship," donatedby Mrs. Bertha Rayner Frank, of Baltimore, Md., of the valueof three hundred dollars; the " Kaufmann Kohler Scholarship,"donated by Mr. Jacob H. Schiff, of New York, of the value ofone hundred dollars; the " Madeline Wise Rheinstrom Scholar-ship," donated by Mr. Sigmund Rheinstrom, Mis. Eva Wise, andMr. Jacob Rheinstrom, of Cincinnati, O., of the value of twohundred and forty dollars. To these, the Board of Governorshave added a number of scholarships ranging from one hundredand fifty dollars to two hundred and fifty dollars a year, whichare awarded to deserving students as a reward for excellence instudies.

PUBLICATIONS.—The following publications have been issuedduring the past year: 1. "Program," 1903-1904; 2. "Ceremoniesat the Installation of Rev. Dr. Kaufmann Kohler as President ofthe Hebrew Union College," Sunday, October 18, 1903; 3. "TheHebrew Union College Annual," June, 1904.

A movement is now on foot to erect a new College Building inthe vicinity of the University of Cincinnati.

FACULTY.—President and Professor of Historical and SystematicTheology and Hellenistic Literature, the Rev. Dr. KaufmannKohler; Professor of Jewish History and Literature, the Rev.Dr. G. Deutsch; Professor of Homiletics, Rabbi David Philipson,D. D.; Professor of Pedagogics and Ethics, Rabbi Louis Gross-mann, D. D.; Professor of Jewish Philosophy and Instructor inTalmud (Registrar), the Rev. Ephraim Feldman, B. D.; Professorof Talmud and Instructor in Jewish-Arabic Philosophy and Litera-

UNION OF HEBREW CONGREGATIONS 279

ture, the Rev. Henry Malter, Ph. D.; Instructor in Bible andTargum, the Rev. S. Mannheimer, B. A.; Instructor in Hebrewand Aramaic (Secretary), Caspar Levias, M. A.; Instructor inBible Exegesis, Moses Buttenwieser, Ph. D.; Instructor in BibleExegesis and Rabbinic Literature, and Librarian, Max Schloes-singer, Ph. D.; Tutor in Elocution, James Madison Chapman, ofMiami University.

BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE HEBREW UNION COLLEGE.—BernhardBettmann, President; Edward L. Heinsheimer, Vice-President;Abe Bloom, Alfred M. Cohen, Nathan Drucker, Julius Freiberg,Simon Greenebaum, Jacob Kronacher, Louis S. Levi, Max B.May, Jacob Ottenheimer, the Rev. Dr. David Philipson, and EmilPollak, of Cincinnati, 0.; the Rev. Dr. Henry Berkowitz, AlfredM. Klein, and the Rev. Dr. Jos. Krauskopf, of Philadelphia, Pa.;Samuel Grabfelder, Louisville, Ky.; the Rev. Dr. Max Landsberg,Rochester, N. Y.; the Rev. Dr. J. Leonard Levy, Pittsburg, Pa.;Solms Marcus, Chicago, 111.; the Rev. M. Samfleld, Memphis,Tenn.; the Rev. Dr. Joseph Silverman, New York City; LouisStern, New York City; and the Rev. Dr. Jacob Voorsanger, SanFrancisco, Cal.

CIRCUIT WORK

Rabbi George Zepin, formerly of Kalamazoo, Mich., a graduateof the Hebrew Union College, was appointed on September 1,1903, as Director of Circuit Work. He has since then organizedforty Congregations in Michigan, Kentucky, West Virginia, Ohio,Indiana, Illinois, Mississippi, Alabama, Louisiana, and Texas.These have an aggregate membership of nine hundred. TheSabbath Schools organized in these places instruct more thanseven hundred pupils. These forty congregations have subscribedthirty thousand dollars for religious purposes for the first year.The Executive Board of the Union of American Hebrew Congre-gations has made a liberal appropriation for this work for thecoming year, to include the appointment of an assistant to theDirector, for which position the Rev. Alfred T. Godshaw hasbeen chosen. It is contemplated by Rabbi Zepin to visit Span-ish-American countries for the purpose of Jewish propaganda,and sending Spanish-speaking students to the Hebrew Union Col-lege to qualify themselves for the Jewish ministry in their respec-tive homes.

THE BOARD OF DELEGATES ON CIVIL AND RELIGIOUS RIGHTS

This Board, under the chairmanship of the Honorable SimonWolf, of Washington, D. C., has taken active measures for theprotection of worthy Jewish immigrants who are in danger ofbeing unjustly discriminated against when making efforts tofind a home in this country.


BOAED OF DELEGATES ON CIVIL AND RELIGIOUS RIGHTS.—DavidAdler, Milwaukee, Wis.; Josiah Cohen, Pittsburg, Pa.; IsraelCowen, Chicago, 111.; Felix J. Dreyfous, New Orleans, La.;Henry S. Frank, Butte, Mont.; Nathan Frank, St. Louis, Mo.;Jacob Furth, Cleveland, O.; Louis J. Goldman, Cincinnati, O.;Joseph B. Greenhut, Peoria, 111.; Win. B. Hackenburg, Philadel-phia, Pa.; Isaias W. Hellmann, San Francisco, Cal.; Moritz Loth,Cincinnati, O.; M. Warley Platzek, New York City; Charles H.Schwab, Chicago, 111.; Lewis Seasongood, Cincinnati, O.; AlfredSelligman, Louisville, Ky.; Leo Wise, Cincinnati, O.; Simon Wolf,Chairman, Washington, D. C; Samuel Woolner, Peoria, 111.

THE ISAAC M. WISE MEMORIAL FUND

Subscriptions to the Isaac M. Wise Memorial Fund have reachedthe sum of four hundred thousand dollars. It is contemplated tocontinue the subscriptions until the sum of one million dollarsshall have been raised.

EXECUTIVE BOABD OF THE UNION OP AMERICAN HEBREW CONGRE-GATIONS.—Isaac W. Bernheim, Louisville, Ky.; Marcus Bern-heimer, St. Louis, Mo.; Bernhard Bettmann, Cincinnati, 0.;Josiah Cohen, Pittsburg, Pa.; Morris M. Conn, Little Rock, Ark.;Solomon Fox, Cincinnati, O.; Julius Freiberg, Cincinnati, O.;Louis J. Goldman, Vice-President, Cincinnati, 0.; Nathan Ham-burger, Milwaukee, Wis.; Samuel B. Hamburger, New York City;Samuel Heavenrich, Detroit, Mich.; Lewis Heinsheimer, Cincin-nati, O.; Abram J. Katz, Rochester, N. Y.; Adolf Kraus, Chicago,111.; Louis Krohn, Treasurer, Cincinnati, O.; Moritz Loth, Cin-cinnati, O.; Baruch Mahler, Cleveland, O.; Morris Newburger,Philadelphia, Pa.; Abram Oppenheimer, Buffalo, N. Y.; SigmundRheinstrom, Cincinnati, O.; Jacob H. Schiff, New York City;Charles Shohl, Cincinnati, 0.; Julius Straus, Richmond, Va.;Isaac Strouse, Baltimore, Md.; Julius Weis, New Orleans, La.;Emanuel Wertheimer, Pittsburg, Pa.; Samuel Woolner, President,Peoria, 111.; Sol. Sulzberger, New York City; Lipman Levy, Secre-tary, Commercial Tribune Building, Cincinnati, O.

HEBREW UNION COLLEGE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION

The annual meeting of the Alumni Association of the HebrewUnion College was held at Louisville, Ky., June 28, 1904, RabbiJoseph Stolz presiding, Rabbi Emil Leipziger serving as Secre-tary, 36 members present.

A constitution was adopted containing the following provision:" The object of this Association shall be to cement the bonds offraternal relationship and elevate the ethics of the profession;to keep the graduates in closer touch with their Alma Mater and

ORTHODOX JEWISH CONGREGATIONS 281

the student body; to secure and exercise a collective voice andrepresentation in the administration of the College; to encourageunited effort in bringing the interests of the College before thepeople, looking towards the establishment of professorships andscholarships and the securing of additional subscriptions to theEndowment Fund; to encourage the study of Jewish lore andscholarly investigations; to co-operate with the Union of Amer-ican Hebrew Congregations and the Central Conference of Amer-ican Rabbis, enlarge their usefulness and secure their perpet-uation; to assist one another in the furthering of national pro-jects for the advancement of American Israel; to collate statisticsregarding the life and activities of the graduates."

The Historian and Treasurer submitted their annual reports.The President reported that the monument erected by the

Alumni upon the grave of the Rev. Dr. Moses Mielziner would bededicated July 3, with the following program: Prayer, RabbiNathan Krasnowetz; Scriptural Reading, Rabbi Harry Levi; Ad-dresses: Rabbis Stolz, Franklin, and Rosenau; Kaddish, RabbiJacob Mielziner.

Fifty Dollars was appropriated for the next Hebrew UnionCollege " Annual." Two annual prizes consisting of a copy ofMikraot Gedolot and of Yad ha-hazaka were voted for the mostmeritorious scholars in the collegiate department of the HebrewUnion College.

In honor of the seventieth birthday of Mr. B. Bettmann, Presi-dent of the Board of Governors of the Hebrew Union College,Mr. Leo Mielziner, of Paris, was commissioned to paint an oilportrait of the septuagenarian, the same to be hung on the wallsof the college as a testimonial of the Alumni's appreciation ofMr. Bettmann's valuable services to the institution.

Dr. Krauskopf reported that the Isaac M. Wise EndowmentFund, started by the Alumni and fostered by the Union of Amer-ican Hebrew Congregations, amounted to $387,000, and the indi-vidual members of the Alumni had subscribed $20,275 to the Fund.An additional pledge of $15,000 was made at the meeting.

A committee was appointed to write a College Song.OFFICERS.—President, Joseph Stolz, Chicago, 111.; Vice-President,

E. N. Calish, Richmond, Va.; Treasurer, A. Hirshberg, Chicago,111.; Secretary, E. W. Leipziger, 706 South Fifth, Terre Haute,Ind.; Historian, D. Lefkowitz, Dayton, Ohio.

THE UNION OF ORTHODOX JEWISH CONGREGATIONS OFTHE UNITED STATES AND CANADA

The year 5664 was intermediate between two biennial meetingsof the Union of Orthodox Jewish Congregations of the United


States and Canada. President, Rev. Dr. H. Pereira Mendes, 99Central Park West, New York City; Secretary, Albert Lucas, 56West 105th, New York City.

t UNITED ORTHODOX RABBIS OF AMERICAThe Third Annual Convention of the United Orthodox Rabbis

of America was held in New York City July 3-7, 1904. Therewere present upwards of fifty members, out of a membership ofsomewhat more than eighty. In the absence of the Rev. B. L.Levinthal, of Philadelphia, the earlier sessions of the Conven-tion were presided over by Rabbi A. J. G. Lesser, of Cincinnati.

On the receipt of the news of the death of Theodor Herzl, reso-lutions of respect to his memory were adopted, and a eulogypronounced by Rabbi S. Margolies, of Boston. On the last even-ing but one of the Convention, a memorial service under theauspices of the Mizrachi wing of the Zionist organization washeld at the synagogue of the Anshe Suwalk Congregation, whichwas attended by the rabbis in a body, the service being conductedby Rabbi J. D. Ridwas, of Chicago, and the Rev. Dr. Philip Klein,of New York. Among the speakers were Rabbis Sivitz, of Pitts-burg; Lasker, of Troy; Rosenberg, of Brooklyn; Goodman, ofJersey City; and Rosenberg, of Bayonne, N. J.

The following resolutions were passed: That laymen be invitedto join the organization in order to represent the orthodox con-gregations in all matters save those pertaining to the rabbinicallaw; that a conference of teachers be convened to draft the cur-riculum for Talmud Torahs; that a special organization tostrengthen orthodox Judaism be called into existence; and thatthe authorities presiding over Talmud Torahs and Yeshibahs berequested to institute lectures for the young on Saturday andSunday afternoons.

OFFICERS.—President, A. J. G. Lesser, Cincinnati, O.; FirstVice-President, S. Margolies, Boston, Mass.; Second Vice-Presi-dent, B. Abrahamowitz, New York; Treasurer, D. Ginsburg,Rochester, N. Y.; Secretary, J. J. Falk Israelite, Chelsea, Mass.

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