Biogeography - Western Oregon Universityguralnl/gural/454Biogeography.pdf · Plate tectonics, sea...

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Biogeography • Large scale patterns of global diversity • Geographic gradients • Environmental gradients • Long term distributions: Evolutionary processes

Transcript of Biogeography - Western Oregon Universityguralnl/gural/454Biogeography.pdf · Plate tectonics, sea...

Page 1: Biogeography - Western Oregon Universityguralnl/gural/454Biogeography.pdf · Plate tectonics, sea level change Source: Modified from Whittaker et al. 2001; Willis and Whittaker 2002.

Biogeography• Large scale patterns of global diversity• Geographic gradients• Environmental gradients• Long term distributions: Evolutionary processes

Page 2: Biogeography - Western Oregon Universityguralnl/gural/454Biogeography.pdf · Plate tectonics, sea level change Source: Modified from Whittaker et al. 2001; Willis and Whittaker 2002.

Species richness

Boreal forests of Canada

Elevational gradient in Arizona

Page 3: Biogeography - Western Oregon Universityguralnl/gural/454Biogeography.pdf · Plate tectonics, sea level change Source: Modified from Whittaker et al. 2001; Willis and Whittaker 2002.
Page 4: Biogeography - Western Oregon Universityguralnl/gural/454Biogeography.pdf · Plate tectonics, sea level change Source: Modified from Whittaker et al. 2001; Willis and Whittaker 2002.

Patterns of Species richness

• Latitudinal patterns• Temperate zone

Page 5: Biogeography - Western Oregon Universityguralnl/gural/454Biogeography.pdf · Plate tectonics, sea level change Source: Modified from Whittaker et al. 2001; Willis and Whittaker 2002.

Theories

Page 6: Biogeography - Western Oregon Universityguralnl/gural/454Biogeography.pdf · Plate tectonics, sea level change Source: Modified from Whittaker et al. 2001; Willis and Whittaker 2002.

Theories

Page 7: Biogeography - Western Oregon Universityguralnl/gural/454Biogeography.pdf · Plate tectonics, sea level change Source: Modified from Whittaker et al. 2001; Willis and Whittaker 2002.

Patterns of speciation

Circumpolar

Page 8: Biogeography - Western Oregon Universityguralnl/gural/454Biogeography.pdf · Plate tectonics, sea level change Source: Modified from Whittaker et al. 2001; Willis and Whittaker 2002.

Extinctions

• Continental differences

• Alps created a barrier• North America vs

China, connections to tropics.

• SE US and Europe separated from tropical flora

Page 9: Biogeography - Western Oregon Universityguralnl/gural/454Biogeography.pdf · Plate tectonics, sea level change Source: Modified from Whittaker et al. 2001; Willis and Whittaker 2002.

Continental patterns

Endemism and isolation

Page 10: Biogeography - Western Oregon Universityguralnl/gural/454Biogeography.pdf · Plate tectonics, sea level change Source: Modified from Whittaker et al. 2001; Willis and Whittaker 2002.

Transition zones

Page 11: Biogeography - Western Oregon Universityguralnl/gural/454Biogeography.pdf · Plate tectonics, sea level change Source: Modified from Whittaker et al. 2001; Willis and Whittaker 2002.

C3 and C4 plants

Page 12: Biogeography - Western Oregon Universityguralnl/gural/454Biogeography.pdf · Plate tectonics, sea level change Source: Modified from Whittaker et al. 2001; Willis and Whittaker 2002.

Endemism and Isolation


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