Biogeochemical Cycles. 3 Fundamental Laws of Nature Conservation of Matter 1st Law of Thermodynamics...
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Transcript of Biogeochemical Cycles. 3 Fundamental Laws of Nature Conservation of Matter 1st Law of Thermodynamics...
Biogeochemical Cycles
3 Fundamental Laws of Nature
• Conservation of Matter
• 1st Law of Thermodynamics(Conservation of Energy)
• 2nd Law of Thermodynamics(Entropy)
Earth:Matter does not come and
go
Earth is aClosedSystem
to Matter
Biogeochemical Cycles:Reservoirs & Pathways
Atmosphere
HydrosphereLithosphere
Biosphere
Some Major Cycles of Matter
•Water Cycle•Rock Cycle•Chemical Cycles
•Carbon•Nitrogen•Phosphorous•Sulfur
Carbon Cycle
Atmosphere
HydrosphereLithosphere
Biosphere
Carbon Cycle: Reservoirs
Atmosphere
HydrosphereLithosphere
Biosphere
1x(= 7.3x1017 grams
carbon)
3x
55x35,000x
Carbon Cycle
Atmosphere
HydrosphereLithosphere
Biosphere
Photosynthesis
Respiration& Decay
Carbon Cycle
Atmosphere
HydrosphereLithosphere
Biosphere
Photosynthesis
Respiration& Decay
Burial &Lithification
Weathering& Volcanism
Dissolution
PhotosynthesisBurial &Lithification
Exsolution
Carbon Cycle
Atmosphere
HydrosphereLithosphere
Biosphere
HumanImpacts
Burning fossil fuels:Increased combustion
Deforestation:Decrease Photosynthesis
Increase Respiration
Net Effect:Increase in Carbonin Atmosphere
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide
northernsummer
northernwinter
Nitrogen Cycle
Atmosphere
HydrosphereLithosphere
Biosphere
Nitrogen fixation:• bacteria• lightning
Waste &Decomposition
Denitification:bacteria
Erosion
Absorption
Nitrogen-Fixing
Bacteria in Root
Nodules
Nitrogen Cycle
Atmosphere
HydrosphereLithosphere
Biosphere
Nitrogen fixation:• industrial (fertilizer)
• combustion
Increased Erosion
HumanImpacts
Net Effect:Increase in Nitrogenin water & soil
Phosphorous Cycle
Atmosphere
HydrosphereLithosphere
Biosphere
Never enters the atmosphere
Waste &Decomposition
Weathering & Erosion
Absorption
SedimentationAbsorption
Phosphorous Cycle
HydrosphereLithosphere
Biosphere
Mining, use (fertilizer, detergent, etc.)& increased runoff
HumanImpacts
Net Effect:Increase in phosphorous in water &“algal blooms”; Depletion in soils
More Phos. for organisms
Eutrophication
Impact:Red Tide
Sulfur Cycle
Atmosphere
Hydrosphere Lithosphere
Biosphere
Volcanoes& Weathering
Waste &Decomposition
Deep Sea Vents
Absorption
Sedimentation
Absorption
Precipitation
“Evaporation” Weathering
BacteriaRelease
BacteriaAbsorption
Sulfur Cycle
Atmosphere
Hydrosphere Lithosphere
Biosphere
BurningFossil Fuels
Precipitation”Acid Rain
HumanImpacts
Net Effect:Increase in atmosphere (health effects) and acid rain
What is the ultimate interface of all 4 reservoirs
for these cycles?
Soil