This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a

decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Biogas potentials in Turkey

- Presentation of Results -

Jaqueline Daniel-Gromke, DBFZ

Funda Cansu Ertem, DBFZ

Nadja Rensberg, DBFZ

20 December 2011

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This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this

initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

2

Agenda

Background

Objective and Focus of the study

Methodology /Data base

Results of Biogas potential analysis

Biogas plants (Overview)

Summary

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this

initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

3

Background

The Turkish-German Biogas-Project is a German Federal Ministry for the

Environment, Natural Conversation and Nuclear Safety funded assistance

project enforced by the GIZ within the scope of a Cooperation Agreement,

signed between the Turkish Republic and Federal Republic of Germany.

The partner and beneficiary of the Project is the Ministry of Environment and

Urbanisation (MoEU).

The overall objective of the project is to develop a sustainable biogas production

concept from agricultural residues (e.g. cattle manure) and organic wastes (e.g.

from the agro industry), introduce organic/natural fertilizer and as a result

reduce carbon emissions.

Moreover the aim is to identify biogas production capacity for a selected

implementation region and establish a practical operating environment for the

investors in the region, in which such enterprises can operate competitively with

German high quality and holistic biogas concept and technology.

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this

initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

4

Objectives of the Study

Gross estimation of biogas potential of different sectors (Agricultural

residues, Animal residues, agro-industrial residues) on a national and

regional level

Gross calculation of the total national biogas potential, participation on the

energy mix in Turkey

Availability of surplus agricultural land currently not in use with potential for

the cultivation of energy crops for biogas production

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this

initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

5

Biogas calculation on regional level with the focus on:

Animal livestock

Manure from cattle

Manure from poultry (broiler and laying chicken)

Agricultural area differed to the crops for the calculation of the

agricultural byproduct (e.g. straw of cereals, maize silage not used as

fodder, sugar beet leaf, tomatoes waste)

Residues from food industry, slaughterhouses, fruits and vegetables

production (e.g. meat residues, agro-industrial wastewater, press cake of

sugar beet, olive press cake)

Biogas potential – Focus

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this

initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

6

Data collection

Statistics (Ministry data base, data from cattle breeder’s association as

well as egg producer association)

survey food industry (up to now no data)

information from actors and experts

Kind of animal husbandry systems/options for collection of manure

Evaluation of the data

Calculation of the biogas potential according to the different sector

Theoretical potential

Technical potential

Identification of regions with high biogas potential by summarizing the most

important residues for biogas production in Turkey

Biogas potential – Methodology

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this

initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Biomass potential - Definitions

Theoretical potential

Technical potential

Economic potential

Realisable potential

Different kind of definitions of potential

The study focus on theoretical and technical biogas potentials

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this

initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

CURRENT SITUATION

– Biogas Plants -

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This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this

initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

9

Biogas plants in Turkey (Overview)

Biogas

Plants

in operation

Capacity

in operation

[MW]

Biogas

Plants

in planning

Capacity

in planning

[MW]

Biogas

Plants

total

Total Capacity

[MW]

Total 36 111,234 49 111,756 85 222,99

Agriculture

(animal waste, crops) 2 0,579 12 11,999 14 12,578

Food Industry

(wastewater, organic waste) 17 13,676 2 3,88 19 17,556

Municipality

(landfill gas, wastewater) 17 96,979 12 34,718 29 131,697

Municipality

(landfill gas) 13 93,043 9 32,033 22 125,076

Municipality

(wastewater) 4 3,936 3 2,685 7 6,621

Undefined 0 0 23 61,159 23 61,159

Data base 12/2011 (GIZ)

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this

initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

10

2

12 Biogas Plantsin operation

Biogas Plantsin planning

0.579

11.999 Capacityin operation[MW]

Capacityin planning[MW]

17

2 Biogas Plantsin operation

Biogas Plantsin planning

13.676

3.88 Capacityin operation[MW]

Capacityin planning[MW]

17

12 Biogas Plantsin operation

Biogas Plantsin planning

96.979

34.718 Capacityin operation[MW]

Capacityin planning[MW]

Agriculture MunicipalityFood Industry

2

12 Biogas Plantsin operation

Biogas Plantsin planning

0,579

11,999Capacityin operation[MW]

Capacityin planning[MW]

17

2Biogas Plantsin operation

Biogas Plantsin planning

13,676

3,88Capacityin operation[MW]

Capacityin planning[MW]

17

12 Biogas Plantsin operation

Biogas Plantsin planning

96,979

34,718Capacityin operation[MW]

Capacityin planning[MW]

Data base 12/2011 (GIZ)

Biogas plants in Turkey (Overview) II

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this

initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

RESULTS

11

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this

initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Summary: Biogas Potential from manure (Cattle + Poultry)

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Theoretical biogas potential

In total Cattle + Poultry: 144.366 TJ/year

Technical biogas potential

In total Cattle + Poultry: 78.372 TJ/year

highest share of biogas potential from animal residues in Turkey results from bovine

36%

10%

54%

broiler chicken

laying chicken

20%

5%

75%

broiler chicken

laying chicken

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this

initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

13

Biogas Potential – Summary

Substrate Theoretical Biogas Potential [PJ/year]

Technical Biogas Potential [PJ/year]

Technical Biogas Potential [PJ/year]

Agriculture - livestock

Cattle Manure 115,9 47,3

83,5 Poultry Manure 36,6 36,2

Agricultural Residues

Straw of Cereals 276,7 27,7

36,1

Sugar beet leaf 17,5 4,4

Tomato Wastes 11,1 4,1

Energy crops Energy Crops on fallow land 300,0 75,0 75,0

Agro-Industrial Residues

Meat production residues 0,5 0,2

14,7

Cheese - waste water 2,7 2,4

Sugar beet press cake 5,0 4,5

molasses (sugar production) 3,3 2,9

Olive press cake 1,3 1,2

Olive mill waste water 1,3 1,2

Juice residues (Pomace) 1,8 1,5

Draff (Bioethanol-production) 0,9 0,8

Municipal Waste Municipal Waste 22,0 11,0 11,0

Total (with energy crops) 796,4 220,4

Total (without energy crops) 496,4 145,4

Total (without energy crops and straw) 219,7 117,7

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this

initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

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Sector

Theoretical Biogas Potential [PJ/year]

Technical Biogas Potential [PJ/year]

Agriculture - livestock 152,5 83,5

Agricultural Residues 305,3 36,1

Energy crops 300,0 75,0

Agro-Industrial Residues 16,6 14,7

Municipal Waste 22,0 11,0

Total (with energy crops) 796,4 220,4

Total (without energy crops) 496,4 145,4

Total (without energy crops and straw) 219,7 117,7

38%

16%

34%

7% 5%

Technical Biogas Potential [PJ/year]

Agriculture - livestock

Agricultural Residues

Energy crops

Agro-Industrial Residues

Municipal Waste

19%

38%

38%

2% 3%

Theoretical Biogas Potential [PJ/year]

Agriculture - livestock

Agricultural Residues

Energy crops

Agro-Industrial Residues

Municipal Waste

Biogas Potential – Summary

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this

initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

15

Biogas Potential vs. Energy Demand in Turkey

The range of technical biogas potential of organic residues in Turkey (agricultural

residues, municipal waste, residues of food industry) is calculated between

117,7 – 220,4 PJ/year (without/with energy crops and straw) = 32,7 – 61,2 TWh/year

The technical Biogas potential can cover:

techn. Biogas potential TWh/year

32,7 61,2

related to…

Primary Energy Demand 2,6 4,8

Total Energy consumption 3,4 6,3

RES for energy consumption 37,5 70,2

the share of natural gas for energy consumption 20,1 37,5

Electricity production* 6,2 12

RES electricity production* 23,4 43,9

* assumed electrical efficiency 40% for biogas facilities

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this

initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

16

Summary

Very less energy-related biomass utilization in comparison to the given

biogas potentials

High biomass potential according to the agricultural sector (cattle manure,

poultry manure), but currently unused

Highest biogas potential of animal residues results from cattle manure

Utilization of animal residues (manure) and agro-industrial wastewater can

contribute to solve environmental problems (e.g. river polution, groundwater

safety, greenhouse gas reduction)

High straw potential esp. from wheat and barley, but the most part of straw is

used for fodder for animal breeding

Calculated technical biogas potential of organic residues between

117,7 – 220,4 PJ/year (without/with energy crops and straw) can cover

6 -12% of the total electricity production in Turkey

The share or RES for electricity production in Turkey with 23 - 44%

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this

initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Thank you for your attention!

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Turkish-German Biogas Project

Deutsche Gesellschaft für

Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH

And Sokak No: 8/11

06680 Cankaya/Ankara, TURKEY

T +90 312 466 7056

T +49 6196 79830 007

E biogas-tr@giz.de

I www.giz.de

I www.biyogaz.web.tr

Author:

DBFZ

Deutsches BiomasseForschungsZentrum gemeinnützige

GmbH

Torgauer Straße 116, 04347 Leipzig, GERMANY