Biogas and nutrient recovery in the green biorefinery...Biogas and nutrient recovery in the green...

Biogas and nutrient recovery in the green biorefinery

Hinrich Uellendahl

Section for Sustainable Biotechnology

A.C. Meyers Vænge 15, 2450 Copenhagen

[email protected], ph +45 99 40 25 85

Complex Organic Materials/

Polymers

Monomers

Acetate H2 + CO 2

Intermediates:

VFA

Alcohols

CH4

Hydrolysis

Fermentation

Acetogenesis

Hydrolytic Bacteria

Fermentative Bacteria

Homoacetogens

H2 producing

fatty acids

oxidizing Bacteria

(Syntrophs)

Methanogens

(H2 utilizers)

51% 30% 19%

30%70%

H2 producing acetate oxidizing Bacteria

Methanogens

(aceticlastic)

acid synthesizing

bacteria

Methanogenesis


Polymers


Polymers

MonomersMonomers

AcetateAcetate H2 + CO 2H2 + CO 2

Intermediates:

VFA

Alcohols

Intermediates:

VFA

Alcohols

CH4CH4

Hydrolysis

Fermentation

Acetogenesis

Hydrolytic Bacteria


Homoacetogens

H2 producing

fatty acids

oxidizing Bacteria

(Syntrophs)

H2 producing

fatty acids

oxidizing Bacteria

(Syntrophs)

Methanogens

(H2 utilizers)

Methanogens

(H2 utilizers)

51% 30% 19%

30%70%

H2 producing acetate oxidizing BacteriaH2 producing acetate oxidizing Bacteria

Methanogens

(aceticlastic)

Methanogens

(aceticlastic)

acid synthesizing

bacteria

acid synthesizing

bacteria

Methanogenesis

Green Biorefining Seminar

June 29, 2018


June 29, 2018

Anaerobic digestion for energy production and nutrient recovery

Biogas

plantBioGAS

Digestate

-> Nutrient recovery

(Waste)

Biomass

Energy

• Recovery of both energy and nutrients

Biogas

plant

• Recovery of both energy and nutrients

• Upgraded biogas as biofuel for transportation

• Mature technology in different scales

• Highest GHG emission reduction by AD of manure

BioGAS

Biogas

Upgrading

CHP

plant

Natural Gas Grid

Digestate

-> Nutrient recovery


June 29, 2018

(Waste)

Biomass


Biogas

plant

BioGAS

Fertilizer


June 29, 2018

(Waste)

Biomass

Biogas of residual streams of a biorefinery

Biorefinery

Extraction of

High-value

products

Conversion of

residual

organic

matter

Biogas

plant

MECHANICALFRACTIONATION

PROTEINPRECIPITATION

BioGAS

Feed

BiomassBrown Juice

Protein concentrate

Green Juice


June 29, 2018

Biogas as integrated part of the green biorefinery

Presscake

• AD of press cake

• AD of brown juice

• Separately or in co-digestion?

Fertilizer

”Wet” digestion (TS < 15%) ”Dry” digestion (TS > 15%) Wastewater (TS < 3%)

+ Manure,

Sewage

sludge

CSTRPacked bed reactor

(with percolation)

Full-scale technologies for AD of dry + wet biomass


June 29, 2018

UASB

EGSB

Immobilization

of MOs in

sludge bed

https://en.paques.nl/


June 29, 2018

Biogas production from press cake and brown juice


June 29, 2018

Biogas production from brown juice

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

0 10 20 30 40

Me

than

e y

ield

(mL-

CH

4/gV

S)

Time (days)

Press cake 100% Press cake / Brown juice 75/25% Press cake / Brown juice 50/50%

Press cake / Brown juice 25/75% Brown juice 100% BLANK


June 29, 2018

Batch experiments in different mixtures

Brown juice

Presscake

Methane yield of press cake and brown juice

Red cloverClover grassfrom


June 29, 2018

CSTR experiments, 37°C, HRT 20 d

Methane yield of press cake – alone/in co-digestion with brown juice

Brown juice

Presscake

Red cloverClover grassfrom


June 29, 2018

UASB experiments

37°C, HRT 1-3 d, pH adjusted

Methane yield of brown juice

Brown juice

Red cloverClover grass

from


June 29, 2018

Press cake (PC) Brown juice (BJ) Co-digestion PC+BJ

• CSTR, HRT = 20d,

TS-adjusted by H2O

• Stable process

• Average methane

yield

202 mL-CH4/g-VS.

• CSTR, HRT = 20d,

no adjustment

• Stable process

• Average methane

yield

236 mL-CH4/g-VS

Batch tests (mesophilic, after 28d)

Reactor tests

• UASB, HRT = 2-3d,

pH-adjusted

• Stable process

• Average methane

yield

202 mL-CH4/g-VS.

• Methane yield

307 mL-CH4/g-VS.

• Methane yield

350 mL-CH4/g-VS in

75%PC/25%BJ mix

• Methane yield

456 mL-CH4/g-VS.

Presscake

Brown juice

Brown juice

Presscake

Methane yield of press cake and brown juice

Biogas

plant


June 29, 2018

Biogas as integrated part of the green biorefinery

MECHANICALFRACTIONATION

PROTEINPRECIPITATION

BiomassBrown Juice

Green Juice

Presscake

The green biorefinery as add-on to a biogas plant

Feed

Protein concentrate

BioGAS

Fertilizer


June 29, 2018

Nutrients

BiomassBrown Juice


June 29, 2018

Nutrient recovery in the green biorefinery- mass balance of fractionation

Presscake

Press cake Brown juice

g/kg % of

input

g/kg % of

input

Red clover

N 7.00 53% 0.80 8%

P 0.59 53% 0.13 15%

K 4.97 43% 1.60 19%

S 0.32 52% 0.03 6%

Clover grass

N 4.90 63% 0.80 15%

P 0.57 56% 0.19 27%

K 5.51 40% 3.04 31%

S 0.32 55% 0.11 26%

Nutrients

Biogas

plant

BiomassBrown Juice


June 29, 2018

Nutrient recovery in the green biorefinery- mass balance of AD process

Presscake

AD input AD digestate

g/kg % of N g/kg % of

input/N

Co-digestion PC+BJ, CSTR

N 2.50 2.60 101%

NH4+ 0.24 9.4% 1.12 43%

P 0.26 0.34 131%

K 3.33 3.35 101%

S 0.18 0.22 125%

Mono-digestion BJ, UASB

N 0.57 0.39 68%

NH4+

0.06 11% 0.06 16%

P 0.19 0.11 59%

K 3.04 2.03 67%

S 0.11 0.06 56%

BioGAS

Nutrients


June 29, 2018

Biogas production from residues PC and BJ:

• Both co-digestion of PC+BJ and mono-digestion of BJ in UASB showed stable process performance.

• Co-digestion of PC+BJ in the ratio coming from the fractionation does not need pH, nutrient or TS adjustment.

Nutrient recovery:

• 52-63% of N, P, S is recovered in PC and 6-27% in BJ while 40-43% of K is recovered in PC and 19-31% in BJ.

• In the co-digestion process a high share of total-N is converted into NH4

+, while this is only limited in the UASB process of BJ.

• Nutrient conc. in digestate from mono-digestion of BJ is too low for practical application on the field.

Conclusions

Biogas and nutrient recovery in the green biorefinery

Hinrich Uellendahl

Section for Sustainable Biotechnology

A.C. Meyers Vænge 15, 2450 Copenhagen

[email protected], ph +45 99 40 25 85


Polymers

Monomers

Acetate H2 + CO 2

Intermediates:

VFA

Alcohols

CH4

Hydrolysis

Fermentation

Acetogenesis

Hydrolytic Bacteria


Homoacetogens

H2 producing

fatty acids

oxidizing Bacteria

(Syntrophs)

Methanogens

(H2 utilizers)

51% 30% 19%

30%70%


Methanogens

(aceticlastic)

acid synthesizing

bacteria

Methanogenesis


Polymers


Polymers

MonomersMonomers


Intermediates:

VFA

Alcohols

Intermediates:

VFA

Alcohols

CH4CH4

Hydrolysis

Fermentation

Acetogenesis

Hydrolytic Bacteria


Homoacetogens

H2 producing

fatty acids

oxidizing Bacteria

(Syntrophs)

H2 producing

fatty acids

oxidizing Bacteria

(Syntrophs)

Methanogens

(H2 utilizers)

Methanogens

(H2 utilizers)

51% 30% 19%

30%70%


Methanogens

(aceticlastic)

Methanogens

(aceticlastic)

acid synthesizing

bacteria

acid synthesizing

bacteria

Methanogenesis


June 29, 2018


June 29, 2018


Biorefinery

(Waste) Biomass valorization in a biorefinery

Biofuels

Plastics

Biochemicals

…

Pharmaceuticals

CosmeticsNutrients

+ other

resources


June 29, 2018

(Waste)

Biomass


June 29, 2018

Anaerobic digestion by mixed microbial cultures


Polymers

Monomers

Acetate H2 + CO 2

Intermediates:

VFA

Alcohols

CH4

Hydrolysis

Fermentation

Acetogenesis

Hydrolytic Bacteria


Homoacetogens

H2 producing

fatty acids

oxidizing Bacteria

(Syntrophs)

Methanogens

(H2 utilizers)

51% 30% 19%

30%70%


Methanogens

(aceticlastic)

acid synthesizing

bacteria

Methanogenesis


Polymers


Polymers

MonomersMonomers


Intermediates:

VFA

Alcohols

Intermediates:

VFA

Alcohols

CH4CH4

Hydrolysis

Fermentation

Acetogenesis

Hydrolytic Bacteria


Homoacetogens

H2 producing

fatty acids

oxidizing Bacteria

(Syntrophs)

H2 producing

fatty acids

oxidizing Bacteria

(Syntrophs)

Methanogens

(H2 utilizers)

Methanogens

(H2 utilizers)

51% 30% 19%

30%70%


Methanogens

(aceticlastic)

Methanogens

(aceticlastic)

acid synthesizing

bacteria

acid synthesizing

bacteria

MethanogenesisBiogas

Mixed

Microbial

Cultures

• Carbohydrates

• Proteins

• Fats

Complex biomass


June 29, 2018

Anaerobic digestion by mixed microbial cultures

Biogas

Mixed

Microbial

Cultures

• Carbohydrates

• Proteins

• Fats

Complex biomass

AD conditions

• Water solution

/slurry, 1-20% DM

• pH 6.5 – 8.0

• Macro- and

micronutrients

• Temperature:

mesophilic 37°C

thermophilic 52°C

• C/N ratio

• Low concentration

of inhibitors

Adaptation

Biogas and nutrient recovery in the green biorefinery...Biogas and nutrient recovery in the green...

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