SEMINAR ON:BIOFULES

Presented by:

AJITH.S

Final M.sc(iii sem)

Dept.of Biotechnology

Guided byDr.Santhosh kondajjiDept.of BiotechnologyKuvempu university

KUVEMPU UNIVERSITY

Biofuel was first form of fuels by the ancient people.

In 1890s Rudolf Diesel was a first person who made biodiesel from vegetable oil.

HISTORY

Henry Ford designed his original 1908 model T to run ethanol

Rudolf Diesel Ford Model THenry Ford

INTRODUCTION

Biofuel is any solid, liquid or gas fuel which is made frombiomass, or living material. In contrast to fossil fuels, biofuelsutilize materials formed by things that are or have recently beenliving

This biomass conversion can result in fuel in solid, liquid, or gasform. This new biomass can be used for biofuels. Biofuels haveincreased in popularity because of rising oil prices and the need forenergy security

Types of Biofuels

Sugarcane as biofuel's

Ethanol is generally available as a byproduct of sugar production. It can be used as a biofuel alternative to gasoline, and is widely used in cars in Brazil.

More than half of world ethanol production is produced from sugar and sugar byproducts

Milling ( sugarcane stem & separation of juice and bagasse)

Fermentation (conversion of sugar into alcohol, production of ethanol)

Distillation (separation of ethanol)

Dehydration (azeotropic mixture)

Process of production of ethanol from sugarcane

India sugarcane statistics in production

Maize as biofuel's

STATE PERCENTAGE

Andhra Pradesh 20.9 %

Karnataka 16.5%

Rajasthan 9.9 %

Maharashtra 9.1 %

Bihar 8.9 %

Uttar Pradesh 6.1 %

Other states 25 %

India maize statistics in production

Jatropha Curcas as biofuel's

Jatropha curcas is a drought. Resistant

perennial, growing well in marginal/poor soil

It is easy to establish, grows relatively quickly

and lives producing seeds for 50 years.

Jatropha the wonder plant produces with an oil

content of 37%

The oil can be combusted as fuel without being

refined

It burns with clear smoke-free flame,tested

successfully as fuel for simple diesel engine

Jatropha Curcas is a non edible oil crop predominately used to produce bio-diesel.

In addition to bio-diesel production, the by-product of Jatropha Curcas' trans-esterification process can be

used to make a wide range of products including high quality paper, energy pellets, soap, cosmetics,

toothpaste, pipe joint cement, cough medicine and as a moistening agent in tobacco.

The Jatropha Curcas seed cake which is the waste by-product of the bio-diesel trans-esterification process

can be used as a rich organic fertilizer

Jatropha Curcas grows best on well drained soils (pref PH 6-9) with good aeration but is well adapted to

marginal soils with low nutrient content.

Jatropha Curcas grows well with more than 600mm rainfall per year and it can withstand long periods of

drought. The plant sheds its leaves during a prolonged dry season.

Jatropha Curcas prefers temperatures averaging 20-28 degrees Celsius (68-85 degrees Farenheit). It can,

however, withstand a very light frost which causes it to lose all its leaves and may produce a sharp decline in

seed yield

About Jatropha Curcas

Life cycle of jatropha curcas

Jatropha incentives in India

India is keen on reducing its dependence on coal and petroleum to meet its increasing energy demand and encouraging Jatropha cultivation is a crucial component of its energy policy.

The Government of India has identified 400,000 square kilometres (98 million acres) of land where Jatropha can be grown, hoping it will replace 20% of India's diesel consumption by 2011.

Andhra Pradesh has entered into a formal agreement with Reliance Industries for Jatropha planting. The company has selected 200 acres (0.81 km2) of land at Kakinada to grow jatropha for high quality bio-diesel fuel

Chhattisgarh has decided to plant 160 million saplings of jatropha in all its 16 districts during 2006 with the aim of becoming a bio-fuel self-reliant state by 2015.[11] Chhattisgarh plans to earn Rs. 40 billion annually by selling seeds after 2010

In September 2007, the Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited (HPCL) joined hands with the Maharashtra State Farming Corporation Ltd (MSFCL) for a jatrophaseed-based bio-diesel venture. As part of the project, jatropha plants would be grown on 500 acres (2 km²) in Nashik and Aurangabad.[15]

Jatropha plantation in kakinada

Goober gas production is an anaerobic process

Fermentation is carried out in an air tight, closed cylindrical concrete tank called a digester

Goober gas

Biogas typically refers to a gas produced bythe biological breakdown of organic matterin the absence of oxygen. Biogas isproduced by anaerobic digestion orfermentation of biodegradable materialssuch as biomass, manures, sewage,municipal waste, greenwaste,cow dung andplant material and energy crops.

The Karnataka State Biofuel Development Board has initiated theconstruction of Biofuel Parks for the overall development of biofuelfield, farmers,1. Biofuel Park, Madenuru, Hassan: The park, established at

Madenuru, Hassan in an area of 50 acres belonging to theBangalore Agriculture University, started functioning since 2007

2. Biofuel Park Tintini, Yadagiri district: the farmers at Hassandistrict have got good benefits from the Biofuel Park and haveobserved that Biofuel Activity is a profitable business

3. Biofuel Park, Dharwad: The Board has initiated theconstruction of the 3rdBiofuel Park at Agriculture University,Dharwad. Farmers, students and public from the north-westernparts of the state will benefit by this.

4. At present, around 1,500 KSRTC buses are being run on fuelblended with ethanol. The KSRTC has been purchasingthousands of litres of biofuel for its daily consumption. Thecorporation has been saving nearly Rs. 4 crore by using ethanol.

Karnataka biofuel park

ADVANTAGES Cost: Biofuels have the potential to be significantly less expensive

than gasoline and other fossil fuels.

Source material: Whereas oil is a limited resource that comes from

specific materials, biofuels can be manufactured from a wide range

of materials including crop waste, manure, and other byproducts..

Renewability: It takes a very long time for fossil fuels to be

produced, but biofuels are much more easily renewable as new

crops are grown and waste material is collected.

Security: Biofuels can be produced locally, which decreases the

nation's dependence upon foreign energy. By reducing dependence

on foreign fuel sources, countries can protect the integrity of their

energy resources and make them safe from outside influences

Economic stimulation: Because biofuels are produced locally, biofuel manufacturing plants can employ

hundreds or thousands of workers, creating new jobs in rural areas. Biofuel production will also increase the

demand for suitable biofuel crops, providing economic stimulation to the agriculture industry.

Lower carbon emissions: When biofuels are burned, they produce significantly less carbon output and fewer

toxins, making them a safer alternative to preserve atmospheric quality and lower air pollution.

Disadvantages

Biofuels production requires the increased need of growing crops to

meet the demand and for this more farmlands will require.

Biofuels are not readily accessible due to lack of ethanol or

biodiesel pumps at existing filling stations

Biodiesel can liberate deposits mounted up on pipes and tank walls

from previous traditional diesel fuel.

In cold weather the biodiesel freezes the fuel system and injection

pump.

Biotechnology for biofuels in future

Energy Crop Genetic Modification Strategies

Strategies to Enhance Polysaccharide Content in

Energy Crops

Strategies to Express Degradative Enzymes in

Energy Crops

Strategies to Decrease or Modify Lignin Content

in Energy Crops

Uses of Genomics to Enhance Energy Crops

Naturol Labland Biotechs Nandan Biomatrix*

Location Hyderabad/Kakinada Mysore Hyderabad

Products/Business Bio diesel (30 million

gallons per annum) and

glycerine

Jatropha seedlings/R&D

in the Jathropha

Jatropha seedlings/R&D

in the Jathropha

Feedstock Palm Oil/Soya

Oil/Jatropha

Jatropha Jatropha

Bio Fuels Companies

Biofuels are among the most promising replacement for non-renewable fossil fuel energy and are derived from living organisms or from metabolic by products.

Biomass(organic material) can be converted directly into burnable fuel which becomes biofuel

Biofuels can be liquids or gases (sugars,starch,vegetable oil,or animal fats) or solids (wood, sawdust, grass,cuttings,domestic refuse, charcoal, agricultural non-food energy crops, dried manure)

The two most widely used biofules are ethanol and biodiesel.both are in liquid form others include butane,methanol.and gasoline.gaseous biofuels produced are hydrogen and methane.

Ethanol is an alcohol fuel produced by fermentation of sugars.found in sugarcane,rice,potatoskins.and commonly made from wheat,corn,sorghum

CONCLUSION

Ethanol is produced using a process similar to brewing beer where starch crops are converted into sugars.The sugars are fermented into ethanol and the ethanol is than distilled into its final form which can be used as a fuel.

Ethanol is also produced by the process called hydrolysis. Where materials such as lignocellulose which are found in the tissues of plants and organic materials are used.

References

Engineering microbes for tolerance to next generation biofuels, Mary J Dunlop, p Biotechnology for Biofuels 2011.

Eco friend : http://www.ecofriend.com/10-most-comprehensive-breakthroughs-in-biofuel-production.html.

Alternative energy: http://www.alternative-energynews.info/getting-biofuel-from-the-worlds-gabage.

Comparative genomics of xylose-fermenting fungi for enhanced biofuel production, Dana J. Wohlbacha et al,2011.

Biodiesel production and the transesterification process,http://www.biomassenergy.gr/en/articles/technology/biodiesel/505-biodiesel-production-and-the-transesterification-process.

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