Bioenergy Development 2013
Transcript of Bioenergy Development 2013
Energy harvesting in bioenergy forest
- MTH unit for multi-stem delimbing
- Downy birch stands (MTH = Multi-Tree Handling)
Ulf-Peter Granö
Contents
Some examples of the various R & D projects in bioenergy in Finland
Examples of different ways, for processing of bioenergy and goals
Various types of equipment for harvesting biomass
Right equipments and good wood biomass for better end products
Small-scale CHP options
Integrate business for a good processing of biomass
Some examples of technical solutions for CHP units
Companies who work with small-scale solutions
Some examples of the various R & D work
- Finnish bioenergy research and development
takes place on many levels
Universities and university centres
– R & D in both basic and applied research
Polytechnics/Universities of applied sciences
– applied research
VTT (Finnish State Technical Research Centre)
– Technology development for industry
(Mainly work for large scale applications)
METLA (Forest Research Institute Metla)
– Research based on environmental and utilization of
forest resources
MTT (Research Institute of Agriculture and Food Economics)
– Research based on environmental and utilization of
agricultural resources
Future efforts for Bioenergy Solutions takes place on many fronts,
in a rough division of activities taking place in these organizations;
Ulf-Peter Granö
Innovation and development centres
– Development and some applied research
ProAgria
– Activities agriculture and counseling
Forestry Centres
– Activities for forestry and counseling
Municipalities and associations in various regions
– regional problems
and many other ..........
Future efforts for Bioenergy Solutions, cont.
Ulf-Peter Granö
In rural areas located processing and use of bioenergy
Large-scale processing of biomass into biofuels and
chemical products
Small-scale processing of biomass into biofuels
Cooperation on bioenergy processing and use
Technical solutions for biomass gasification
Development of Energy Cooperative
Harvesting and management techniques for different
types of biomass
Some pick out areas of interest for Bioenergy Solutions
with an Environmental concerns in development
Power (kWe)
Heat (kWth)
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Logistic solutions for managing biomass from
forest and field
Interventions for enhancing knowledge
Development and utilization of forest resources
Development and utilization of agricultural resources
Biogas plants and small-scale CHP
Small-scale "Biorefineries"
other ……….
Power
(kWe)
Heat
(kWth)
Bioenergy Solutions with an Environmental
concerns in development, cont.
Ulf-Peter Granö
Different ways for processing
of bioenergy, and goals
- Higher quality needed for a longer-driven
processing
The processing of bio-based raw materials
Material Process Product Energy Available conversion energy
Forest raw materials
-Wood raw materials
- Residues
- Energy plants
Agricultural raw
materials
- Grass
- Reed Canary grass, hemp
- Oilseed
- Grain . . . . . . . . . . .
Manure and waste
- Livestock manure
- biological waste
Municipal waste
- Manure
- Process waste
Combustion Heat
Heat for heating process
Boiler
CHP
Biogas production
Heat
Biogas (methane gas)
Gas engine + generator Electricity
Heat Heat
Pyrolysis Wood gas (Carbon monoxide)
Gas engine + gen.
Heat Electricity
Heat
Alcoholic fermentation
Biogas production
Pyrolysis oil
Biogas production
Separation -> solid Solid fuel
Alcohol Technical raw fuel BTL, GTL
Fuel raw materials Vehicle fuel
Oil refining Vegetable oil
Esterification
Vegetable oil
Biodiesel Vehicle fuel
Oil
Boiler
CHP
Heat
Technical fuel GTL
Vehicle fuel
Electricity
Boiler
Heat
Su
n e
nerg
y –
Ph
oto
syn
thesis
, 6 C
O2
+ 6 H
2O
→ C
6H
12O
6
+
6O
2
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Chemicals Chemicals
CHP=Combined Heat and Power
BTL=Biomass to liquid
GTL=Gas to liquid = processing of bioenergy from forest
Raw materials from the forest to the
pellets and combustion
Extraction of energy products when thinning clearing, field drying for
storage - chipping - (final drying) - grinding and pelleting - combustion
Biomass from forest - woody biomass for pelleting
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Gasification of forest biomass for heat and power
or to fuel or chemical products
Gasification Product gas purification
Different raw
materials
CHP
Electricity - local heating
GTL
Chemical products
Fuels
Residues
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Purified Bio-Syngas
Various types of equipments for
harvesting biomass is used
today
- At higher quality requires better equipment
and knowledge
Multi-Tree Handling at harvest (MTH)
Quality of raw materials are determined already at harvest in the forest. With a so-called accumulating or MTH harvest
units, several trees are managed and also multi-stem delimbing is done at harvest.
MTH units for both roundwood and energy wood
With Komatsu (Valmet) 350 can also manage
multiple trees in the same grip with a skilled
driver at the pre-programmed control levers.
Logset 4M with roll feed. Through
collaboration between the drive
rollers and knives make it possible
for multi-tree handling at harvest.
Timberjack or JD 745 with extra
clamps at the top for multi-tree-
handling. The unit has a drive on
four feed rollers.
Ulf-Peter Granö
Several different models and versions are multi-tree handling and multi-stem delimbing harvester heads that fit
the abstraction of quality raw material for pelleting or gasification. The harvested energy wood requires a well
organized, natural field drying to maintain quality and get a good wood chips that can be processed into pellets.
Multi-stem delimbing of energy wood
Ulf-Peter Granö
Multi-stem delimbing
devices,
- the harvester head is
equipped with multi-tree-
handling (MTH), and
delimbing knives.
Metal's bioenergy harvest research in Kronoby
Energy and pulpwood next service road or collecting route
The result of Logset equipment for
stripe debarking of energy wood
Forwarding of energy wood with a
weight scale equipped forwarder
Field Drying properly
Research and development efforts continue
- Corridor Harvest
Stickväg
Stickväg
Drive
Corridors in fan shape
Geometric corridors
SLU Forest Technology's trial in Sweden
SLU = Swedish Agricultural University
By the Company Vesweed in Haapavesi, Finland (www.vesweed.fi)
Cooperation on technology
development
Corridor Clearance
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Short rotation Energy forestry – fast-growing bioenergy trees
Downy birch grows rapidly and can provide a good energy wood harvest, even at 15-20 years of age.
Stands of birch wood for energy, gives already within 20 years a
good quality of wood chips. Downy birch grows rapidly in moist peat.
Harvest of birch with a multi-stem delimbing MTH unit.
After a natural field drying over a summer season, you can get a
good wood raw material from birch, which could then be chipped, finale-drying for pelletising or gasification. Ulf-Peter Granö
Notice the ripped bark
Wood Chipper - A few examples
Bruks-Klockner's mobile wood chipper 805 CT
powered by a diesel engine of 330 kW.
LHM Giant is a Finnish large wood chipper for contractors. The
chipper is mounted on a four-axle truck. For powering the chipper it
has its own 600 hp engine. The hydraulic equipments is powered
by the truck engine. The chippers feed table has the capacity of 18
m3. The chipper can easily handle slash bundles or logs, chipping
capacity is 120-200 m3 wood chips per hour. Ulf-Peter Granö
Right equipments and good wood
biomass for better end products
- For better quality needed skills, accuracy, and
proper equipments
Examples of mobile driers for wood chips - to make good quality of wood chips it should be final dried after chipping
Mobile flat bottom wood chip dryer from Swedish Akron, available in two sizes, 15.5 and 32m³
Photos by, Akron.se
Bridge slot perforation in bottom
Elevator scrapers at the bottom (bridge slot perforation)
Mobile flat bottom dryer, executable made in the hook bin, from the German manufacturer Lauber
Photos by, Lauber GmbH
Examples of mobile driers for wood chips - to make good quality of wood chips it should be final dried after chipping
Bridge slot perforation in bottom
Left,
Stela Belt
dryer,
Photo by Stela.de
Right,
Stela Drum
dryer
Photo by Stela.de
Right. Silo dryer Above, Drum dryer,
Dryers for wood chips - Some examples of other types of dryers
Combustion experiments at SLU-BTK,
Biofuel-technical centre in Umeå, SE
Combustion Experiments
Green parts, small twigs and bark provide poor pellets and creates
problems with Coke formation in the pellet burner (top right)
Photos by, Sylvia Larsson
Ulf-Peter Granö
The company Pyro-Man from Sievi, Kimmo Ahola
Cooperation with companies developing new technologies
Wood-gasifying pellet burner
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Designing a pellet factory
A small pellet plant in operation, SPC (Sweden Power Chippers Ltd); 1. Cyclone for the dried and milled wood chips,
2. The mixing and metering unit, 3. Pellet press, 4. Conveyor up to the condenser, 5. Pellet Cooler,
6. Conveyor to the pellet silo, 7. Pellet silo, 8. Sack-up equipment for small bags, 9. Wrapper for small bags on a pallet,
10. Wood pellets in small bags on a pallet. Ulf-Peter Granö
Small pellets plants for local producers Examples of a smaller pelleting plant
Schematic diagram of an example of a less pelleting plant: 1. Feed silo for dried wood chips, 2. Transport Screw,
3. Wood chip grinder, 4. Fan Conveyor, 5. Cyclone, 6. Auger with any steam addition, 7. Pellet Press, 8. Elevator,
9. Pellet Cooler, 10. Pellet Conveyor, 11. Big Bag. Ulf-Peter Granö
In rural areas, decentralized CHP
units close to raw materials and
local customers
- Set requirements for raw material quality for
the desired quality of the end product
- Choose and customize the equipments so the
quality can be achieved
CHP units with direct combustion
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From the forest
Boiler
Biomass
Power (kWe)
Heat (kWth)
Steam turbine
Small CHP unit
ORC
Power (kWe)
Heat (kWth) Stirling
CHP unit
Large
Boiler
Combustion
Moist wood
chips
Energy wood
Stirling
Harvest
Chipping wood
Final drying of
wood chips
Dry wood
chips
Combustion
CHP units with gasification and the use of Bio-Syngas for direct combustion
Boiler
Combustion
Small CHP unit
ORC
Stirling
CHP Unit
Large
Boiler
Combustion
Stirling
Purification and Cooling Product gas
Bio-Syngas
Gasification
reactor
Gasification
of biomass
Power (kWe)
Heat
(kWth)
Power (kWe)
Heat
(kWth)
Moist wood
chips
Dry wood
chips
Steam turbine
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Gasification for product gas / wood gas for
electricity generation
Bio-Syngas
Bio-SNG
Gas engine
+
Generator
Fuel cell
Purification and cooling
of ”wood gas”
Reactor
Gasification
of biomass
Biomass from forest
or
Micro turbine
Power
(kWe)
Heat
(kWth)
Ulf-Peter Granö
Integrated CHP with Gasification of biomass
Ulf-Peter Granö
Heat
(kWth)
Power (kWe)
Purification and
Cooling
Product gas Bio-Syngas
Small CHP unit Biomass
Gas engine + generator
Microturbine + generator
Bio-Syngas
CHP= Combined Heat and Power
Moist wood
chips
Dry wood
chips
Gasification
reactor
Gasification
of biomass
CHP through integration with gasification of biomass
Steam turbine
ORC
Moist wood chips
Heat
(kWth)
Power (kWe)
Gasification
reactor
Gasification of
biomass
Purification and
Cooling of product gas
Bio-Syngas
CHP unit
Large
Boiler
Combustion
Stirling
Biomass
Smaller local CHP unit
Gas engine + generator Micro turbine + generator
Heat
(kWth)
Power (kWe)
or
Ulf-Peter Granö
Dry wood chips
CHP biogas plant
Small CHP unit
Gas engine
+ generator
Micro turbine
+ generator
Anaerobic
Fermentation
Biogas Production
Bacteria
Biogas
Energy Plants
- Reed canary grass
- Hemp, and others
Wet biomass - Manure
- Bio-waste, etc
Specific biomass
Heat
(kWth)
Power (kWe)
Ulf-Peter Granö
CHP= Combined Heat and Power
Integrate business for a good
processing of biomass
- By coordinating and integrating better results,
utilization can be increased and wastage
can be reduced
Integration Opportunities
Chips Drying
CHP unit (power + heat)
Energy Terminals with an integrated management,
- Biomass raw materials and
- Processed raw materials
Gasification of biomass (for heat or cogeneration)
Solar energy
Geothermal energy
Pellet Production
Biogas production from agricultural
Processing of raw material for motor fuel
etc.
Ulf-Peter Granö
CHP - combined heat and power
Direct combustion of wood chips / pellets + Stirling
Direct combustion of wood chips / pellets + ORC (Organic Rankine Cycle)
Direct combustion of wood chips / pellets + small steam turbine
Gasification + direct combustion + Stirling
Gasification + direct combustion + ORC
Gasification + direct combustion + Hot air turbine
Gasification + direct combustion + Steam engine
Gasification + Gas engine (piston engines)
Gasification + Microturbine
Biogas + Gas engine
Biogas + Microturbine
Combined Bio-Syngas and biogas + Gas engine or Microturbine
Ulf-Peter Granö
From forest
Biomass Power (kWe) Heat (kWth)
Energy Terminal
Bioenergy materials - Products
Heat (kWth)
Integration with local Energy Terminal
Local
heating plant
local district heating
Cogeneration
Wood chips Wood pellets
Wood biomass Sawdust
Fire wood
Storage section for energy products
Stumps Slash-
bundles
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Small
CHP plant
From forest
Biomass
Local heating plant
Integration with Solar and Geothermal energy
Solar energy
local district heating
Geothermal energy
Geothermal
(kWth)
Solar heat
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CHP with biomass gasification integrated with an ORC unit
Heat
(kWth)
water
thermal oil 300 ºC steam
organic liquid
Power (kWe)
Power production
Combustion of
Bio-Syngas
Large Boiler
Purification
and Cooling
Product gas
Bio-Syngas
Wood chips
Ulf-Peter Granö
Gasification
reactor
ORC unit
Processing Handling
Wood chipping
Wood crushing
Energy Entrepreneurs harvest and process biomass
From forest
Biomass
Harvesting Heat / CHP
Transport
Field Drying
Energy Contractor Energy Entrepreneurs
Ulf-Peter Granö
Direct combustion of wood chips or pellets
A four cylinder Stirling engine generator
of 35 kWe, which is mounted on a boiler.
Stirling modules mounted in series, of
35 kWe / pc. (2 x 35 = 70 kWe, 3 x 35 =105 kWe
www.Stirling.dk
Photos by, Stirling DK
CHP with Stirling Technology
MCHP (Micro CHP)
KWB in Austria and SPM
(Stirling Power Module) in
Germany has a pellet fired
boiler with Stirling engine.
The plant unit produces, - 1 kW power and
- 15 kW heat.
http://www.kwb.at/en/
Photo by, KWB
http://www.turboden.eu/
Turboden from Italy
manufactures ORC CHP
units in sizes between 200
kWe - 2.4 MWe.
Heat production (left) is
about 4 times greater than
power from the plant.
500 kWe Turboden, CHP
unit in Nocera Inferiore,
Italy
Photos by, Turboden
CHP with ORC technology (boiler for wood chips)
German Maxxtec manufactures ORC, CHP
units in sizes between 100 kWe - 2 MWe.
Photos by, Maxxtec
http://www.maxxtec.net/
Direct combustion of wood chips or pellets
CHP with biomass gasification.
Nexterra in Canada has a CHP unit with gas
engine and generator of 2 MW.
http://www.nexterra.ca/
http://www.gasek.fi/
CHP with biomass gasification.
GASEK in Reisjärvi, Finland
manufactures CHP modules in
containers.
Sample size, 50 kW and 100 kWth
The gasification of wood chips
Photo by, Nexterra
Photo by, GasEk Photo by, GasEk
CHP with biomass gasification.
HTI
Heat Transfer International in Michigan
has a CHP unit with direct combustion of
bio-syngas and a hot air turbine
generator, available in sizes between 200
kWe - 10 MWe.
http://www.heatxfer.com/
http://www.volter.fi/
Eco-village / neighbourhood
Eco-village in Kempele have Volters chips
drying and gasification plant.
The nominal power output is 35 kWe.
Eco-village has its own completely
independent off grids power system.
A small wind turbines contribute to electricity
supply.
CHP with biomass gasification.
Volter in Kempele, Finland, along with CCM Power developed CHP units and chips dries.
Photos by, HTI
Photos by, Ulla Lassi
The gasification of wood chips
CHP with biomass gasification.
XyloWatt
Belgian company has XyloWatt
CHP units with duo-diesel.
For these Bio-syngas is the main
fuel (80-90%).
The rest is biodiesel or diesel.
They have CHP units in sizes
from 300 kWe and 600 kWth to
1500 kWe / 3000 kWth
Photos by, XyloWatt
http://www.xylowatt.com
The gasification of wood chips
Specific investment Costs
Plant size MWe
EUR/kWe
CHP with steam turbine cycle (with back pressure turbine)
~ 1 MWe > 1.500
CHP with gas turbine cycle ~20 MWe > 1.200
Microturbine 30-75 kWe 650 – 1.100
CHP plants with diesel and gas engines (Biogas)
30-75 kWe 1.250 – 1.800
Steam-engine process ~500 kWe > 1.500
CHP on the basis of an ORC process (Organic Rankine Cycle)
~500 kWe > 2.300
Stirling engine process 10 - 40 kWe > 2.400
Hot air turbine cycle ~250 – 500 kWe > 3.900
CHP with fuel cell technology ~100 kWe > 3.000
CHP Gasifying of Biomass, gas engines ~25 – 50 kWe > 2.500
Investment costs (as by Energy Technology Austria)
GASEK
CHP via gasification of wood chips
CHP unit on Farmari Fair in Kokkola 2009;
50 kWe (power)
100 kWth (heat)
The inventor is Eero Kangasoja and developer Yrjö Muilu
Heikki Majava and Leo Ruokamo
CCM-Power
CCM-Power - pilot gasifier
Pilot unit for gasification
Computer-controlled monitoring
of the gasification system
CCM-Power is now part of the
company GASEK Ltd
Ulf-Peter Granö
Draft by CCM-Power Ulf-Peter Granö
CCM-Power (included in GASEK company)
Wood chip dryer
(Shown at Farmari Fair 2009 in Kokkola)
- height 12 m
- Closed drying system
- Capacity approx. 40 m3 of water per day.
- Energy need less than normal wood chip drying
Volter Oy
Eco-village (or Eco-blocks)
In Kempele just south of Oulu
- 10 homes receiving electricity and heat from a
small-scale CHP unit, by gasification of wood chips
- Supplemented with a small wind turbine
- Completely independent of the grid
- Low-energy houses
Photos by, Volter.fi
CHP unit in Lestijärvi The gasification of wood chips Owners, "Lestijärvi chips cooperatives” Contact,, Harri Kavanterä
Harri Kavanterä
Total heat production about 1.7 MWth, and about 300 kWe power,
from CHP unit.
Silo dryer for wood chips
Drying of wood chips from about 35%
down to about 25% moisture
Ulf-Peter Granö
New CHP plant to Lestijärvi Gasification of wood chips with the BioNear gasifier 2013
– the new CHP gasification unit from TuroTeam under construction
HKGBioNear
Toholammin Energia Oy
The new Turboden ORC
unit now in use (2013)
- 8,2 MWth (heat)
- 1,3 MWe (power)
The combustion of wood chips and peat in a Vapor bubble bed boiler and ORC CPH unit from Turboden
Vapor Finland Oy
Vapor has its manufacturing units, in Nivala, and Kiuruvesi.
Development of wood gasifiers underway
Picture by, Vapor
Kokkola Power, stack drying of wood chips
- The dryer use waste heat from the CHP plant
- Main channel consists of sea containers with openings in the bottom
Photo by, Henrik Holmberg,