BIOE 301 Lecture Eight Amit Mistry Feb 6, 2007. BIOE 301 – Lecture 8 WARM-UP Observation: Global...
-
Upload
erika-hardy -
Category
Documents
-
view
215 -
download
0
Transcript of BIOE 301 Lecture Eight Amit Mistry Feb 6, 2007. BIOE 301 – Lecture 8 WARM-UP Observation: Global...
![Page 1: BIOE 301 Lecture Eight Amit Mistry Feb 6, 2007. BIOE 301 – Lecture 8 WARM-UP Observation: Global average near-surface atmospheric temperature rose 1.1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef45503460f94c07199/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
BIOE 301 Lecture Eight
Amit MistryFeb 6, 2007
![Page 2: BIOE 301 Lecture Eight Amit Mistry Feb 6, 2007. BIOE 301 – Lecture 8 WARM-UP Observation: Global average near-surface atmospheric temperature rose 1.1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef45503460f94c07199/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
BIOE 301 – Lecture 8
WARM-UP
Observation: Global average near-surface atmospheric temperature rose 1.1 ± 0.4 °Fahrenheit in the 20th century. What is the scientific approach to
this? What is the engineering approach
to it?
![Page 3: BIOE 301 Lecture Eight Amit Mistry Feb 6, 2007. BIOE 301 – Lecture 8 WARM-UP Observation: Global average near-surface atmospheric temperature rose 1.1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef45503460f94c07199/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Review of Lecture 7
Science “Science is the human activity of
seeking natural explanations for what we observe in the world around us.”
Five steps of the scientific method
Engineering Systematic design, production and operation
of technical systems to meet practical human needs under specified constraints
Six steps of the engineering design method
![Page 4: BIOE 301 Lecture Eight Amit Mistry Feb 6, 2007. BIOE 301 – Lecture 8 WARM-UP Observation: Global average near-surface atmospheric temperature rose 1.1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef45503460f94c07199/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Q3: How can technology solve health care
problems? CS1: Prevention
of infectious disease
![Page 5: BIOE 301 Lecture Eight Amit Mistry Feb 6, 2007. BIOE 301 – Lecture 8 WARM-UP Observation: Global average near-surface atmospheric temperature rose 1.1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef45503460f94c07199/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Roadmap of CS 1 Science
Organisms that cause infectious disease Immunity
Engineering How to make a vaccine
Vaccines: From idea to product Societal Impact
Health and economics Ethics of clinical trials Developed world/Developing world
![Page 6: BIOE 301 Lecture Eight Amit Mistry Feb 6, 2007. BIOE 301 – Lecture 8 WARM-UP Observation: Global average near-surface atmospheric temperature rose 1.1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef45503460f94c07199/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Connections – First day of class
What caused the first bone marrow transplants to be rejected by recipients?
![Page 7: BIOE 301 Lecture Eight Amit Mistry Feb 6, 2007. BIOE 301 – Lecture 8 WARM-UP Observation: Global average near-surface atmospheric temperature rose 1.1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef45503460f94c07199/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Bone Marrow - Pluripotent Stem Cells
Hematopoietic stem cells differentiate into: White blood cells Red blood cells Platelets
Mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into: Bone, cartilage, muscle
![Page 8: BIOE 301 Lecture Eight Amit Mistry Feb 6, 2007. BIOE 301 – Lecture 8 WARM-UP Observation: Global average near-surface atmospheric temperature rose 1.1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef45503460f94c07199/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: BIOE 301 Lecture Eight Amit Mistry Feb 6, 2007. BIOE 301 – Lecture 8 WARM-UP Observation: Global average near-surface atmospheric temperature rose 1.1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef45503460f94c07199/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
White Blood Cells
Neutrophil Lymphocyte Macrophage
“The Defense”“The Good Guys”
![Page 10: BIOE 301 Lecture Eight Amit Mistry Feb 6, 2007. BIOE 301 – Lecture 8 WARM-UP Observation: Global average near-surface atmospheric temperature rose 1.1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef45503460f94c07199/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Pathogens
How They Cause Disease
“The Offense”“The Bad
Guys”
![Page 11: BIOE 301 Lecture Eight Amit Mistry Feb 6, 2007. BIOE 301 – Lecture 8 WARM-UP Observation: Global average near-surface atmospheric temperature rose 1.1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef45503460f94c07199/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Types of Pathogens Bacteria
Cells with membrane and cell wall (usually) Can survive outside host; reproduce without
host Can be killed or inhibited by antibiotics
Viruses Nucleic acid core with protein envelope Use host intracellular machinery to
reproduce Cannot be killed with antibiotics >50 different viruses that can infect humans
![Page 12: BIOE 301 Lecture Eight Amit Mistry Feb 6, 2007. BIOE 301 – Lecture 8 WARM-UP Observation: Global average near-surface atmospheric temperature rose 1.1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef45503460f94c07199/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Question:
Based on your understanding of the characteristics of bacteria, viruses, and blood cells, identify which item best represents each and be able to explain why you chose each. Bacterium Virus Blood cell
![Page 13: BIOE 301 Lecture Eight Amit Mistry Feb 6, 2007. BIOE 301 – Lecture 8 WARM-UP Observation: Global average near-surface atmospheric temperature rose 1.1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef45503460f94c07199/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Pathogens
Human hair – 100,000,000 nm
Red blood cell – 7,000 nm
E. coli bacteria – 800 nm
Virus – 100 nm
www.awcommunity.orgwww.its.caltech.edu/~boozer
![Page 14: BIOE 301 Lecture Eight Amit Mistry Feb 6, 2007. BIOE 301 – Lecture 8 WARM-UP Observation: Global average near-surface atmospheric temperature rose 1.1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef45503460f94c07199/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Bacteria
![Page 15: BIOE 301 Lecture Eight Amit Mistry Feb 6, 2007. BIOE 301 – Lecture 8 WARM-UP Observation: Global average near-surface atmospheric temperature rose 1.1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef45503460f94c07199/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
How do Bacteria Cause Disease?
Invade host Reproduce Produce toxins disturb cell
function Examples
Escherichia Coli Bacillus Anthracis Microbacterium tuberculosis Streptococcus pneumoniae
http://www.cubanology.com/Articles/Virus_vs_Bacteria.htm
![Page 16: BIOE 301 Lecture Eight Amit Mistry Feb 6, 2007. BIOE 301 – Lecture 8 WARM-UP Observation: Global average near-surface atmospheric temperature rose 1.1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef45503460f94c07199/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Virus
![Page 17: BIOE 301 Lecture Eight Amit Mistry Feb 6, 2007. BIOE 301 – Lecture 8 WARM-UP Observation: Global average near-surface atmospheric temperature rose 1.1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef45503460f94c07199/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
How do Viruses Cause Disease?
Virus invades host cell Binds to cell membrane receptors Endocytosis brings virus into cell
Virus takes over cell Use viral nucleic acid and host cell
resources to make new viral nucleic acid and proteins
More virus is released from host cell Virus causes host cell to lyse OR Viral particles bud from host cell surface
![Page 18: BIOE 301 Lecture Eight Amit Mistry Feb 6, 2007. BIOE 301 – Lecture 8 WARM-UP Observation: Global average near-surface atmospheric temperature rose 1.1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef45503460f94c07199/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Virus examples: Influenza, HIV, West Nile, HepatitisHuman Papillomavirus, Viriola Major
![Page 19: BIOE 301 Lecture Eight Amit Mistry Feb 6, 2007. BIOE 301 – Lecture 8 WARM-UP Observation: Global average near-surface atmospheric temperature rose 1.1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef45503460f94c07199/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Using Viruses for Good, not Evil
Gene Therapy: infect cells with beneficial DNA
Diabetes SCID Cancer Sickle cell anemia MS Cystic fibrosis
www.nih.gov
![Page 20: BIOE 301 Lecture Eight Amit Mistry Feb 6, 2007. BIOE 301 – Lecture 8 WARM-UP Observation: Global average near-surface atmospheric temperature rose 1.1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef45503460f94c07199/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Pathophysiology of HIV/AIDS
![Page 21: BIOE 301 Lecture Eight Amit Mistry Feb 6, 2007. BIOE 301 – Lecture 8 WARM-UP Observation: Global average near-surface atmospheric temperature rose 1.1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef45503460f94c07199/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Pathophysiology of HIV/AIDS
![Page 22: BIOE 301 Lecture Eight Amit Mistry Feb 6, 2007. BIOE 301 – Lecture 8 WARM-UP Observation: Global average near-surface atmospheric temperature rose 1.1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef45503460f94c07199/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
The Immune System
How Are We Protected Against
Pathogens?
![Page 23: BIOE 301 Lecture Eight Amit Mistry Feb 6, 2007. BIOE 301 – Lecture 8 WARM-UP Observation: Global average near-surface atmospheric temperature rose 1.1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef45503460f94c07199/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Types of Immunity
Three layers of immunity: Physical Barriers Innate Immune System
All animals possess Adaptive Immune
System Vertebrates possess
Keep pathogens out Kill them if they get in
![Page 24: BIOE 301 Lecture Eight Amit Mistry Feb 6, 2007. BIOE 301 – Lecture 8 WARM-UP Observation: Global average near-surface atmospheric temperature rose 1.1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef45503460f94c07199/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Types of Immunity - Defense
Line of scrimmage
Physical Barriers = Defensive Line
Innate = Secondary Defense
Adaptive = Coach
![Page 25: BIOE 301 Lecture Eight Amit Mistry Feb 6, 2007. BIOE 301 – Lecture 8 WARM-UP Observation: Global average near-surface atmospheric temperature rose 1.1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef45503460f94c07199/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Types of Immunity Physical Barriers
Skin (2 square meters) Mucous Membranes (400 square meters)
Innate Immune System Produces general inflammatory response
when pathogens penetrate physical barriers
Adaptive Immune System Can adapt to defend against any invader Important when innate immune system
cannot defend against attack Provides immune system with “memory”
![Page 26: BIOE 301 Lecture Eight Amit Mistry Feb 6, 2007. BIOE 301 – Lecture 8 WARM-UP Observation: Global average near-surface atmospheric temperature rose 1.1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef45503460f94c07199/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Physical Barriers
![Page 27: BIOE 301 Lecture Eight Amit Mistry Feb 6, 2007. BIOE 301 – Lecture 8 WARM-UP Observation: Global average near-surface atmospheric temperature rose 1.1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef45503460f94c07199/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
What happens when you get a splinter?
![Page 28: BIOE 301 Lecture Eight Amit Mistry Feb 6, 2007. BIOE 301 – Lecture 8 WARM-UP Observation: Global average near-surface atmospheric temperature rose 1.1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef45503460f94c07199/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
What happens when you get a splinter?
Pathogens gets past physical barrier1. Macrophages eat bacteria on splinter
Phagocytosis
2. Activated macrophages produce chemicals which: Increase local blood flow Increase permeability of
blood vessels Recruit other phagocytes to site
RednessHeat
Swelling
Pus
![Page 29: BIOE 301 Lecture Eight Amit Mistry Feb 6, 2007. BIOE 301 – Lecture 8 WARM-UP Observation: Global average near-surface atmospheric temperature rose 1.1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef45503460f94c07199/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
What happens when you get a splinter?
Phagocytosishttp://jcs.biologists.org/cgi/content/full/119/9/1903/DC1
![Page 30: BIOE 301 Lecture Eight Amit Mistry Feb 6, 2007. BIOE 301 – Lecture 8 WARM-UP Observation: Global average near-surface atmospheric temperature rose 1.1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef45503460f94c07199/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
![Page 31: BIOE 301 Lecture Eight Amit Mistry Feb 6, 2007. BIOE 301 – Lecture 8 WARM-UP Observation: Global average near-surface atmospheric temperature rose 1.1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef45503460f94c07199/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Innate Immune System
Primarily effective against pathogens outside of cells
Two main weapons: 1) Professional phagocytes
Cells that eat stuff 2) The complement system
Proteins that tag stuff for destruction
![Page 32: BIOE 301 Lecture Eight Amit Mistry Feb 6, 2007. BIOE 301 – Lecture 8 WARM-UP Observation: Global average near-surface atmospheric temperature rose 1.1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef45503460f94c07199/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Components of Innate Immune System
1) Macrophages: Sentinels that patrol periphery If they find an invader, they
become “activated” If activated, they:
Send signals to recruit other immune system cells (Neutrophils)
Become vicious killers Present antigen to adaptive immune system
![Page 33: BIOE 301 Lecture Eight Amit Mistry Feb 6, 2007. BIOE 301 – Lecture 8 WARM-UP Observation: Global average near-surface atmospheric temperature rose 1.1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef45503460f94c07199/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Components of Innate Immune System
2) Complement proteins Present in tissues &
blood Attach to surfaces of
bacteria and viruses Target them for
destruction by phagocytes
Form Membrane Attack Complexes
Recruit other immune cells from blood
![Page 34: BIOE 301 Lecture Eight Amit Mistry Feb 6, 2007. BIOE 301 – Lecture 8 WARM-UP Observation: Global average near-surface atmospheric temperature rose 1.1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef45503460f94c07199/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Adaptive Immune System
Antibody-mediated: Fight pathogens
outside of cells Cell-mediated:
Fight pathogens inside of cells
![Page 35: BIOE 301 Lecture Eight Amit Mistry Feb 6, 2007. BIOE 301 – Lecture 8 WARM-UP Observation: Global average near-surface atmospheric temperature rose 1.1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef45503460f94c07199/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
What is an antibody? Bridge between:
Pathogen Tool to kill it
Antibodies have two important regions: Fab region:
Binds antigen Binds surface of virus-
infected cell Fc region:
Binds macrophages and neutrophils, induces phagocytosis
Binds natural killer cell, induces killing
![Page 36: BIOE 301 Lecture Eight Amit Mistry Feb 6, 2007. BIOE 301 – Lecture 8 WARM-UP Observation: Global average near-surface atmospheric temperature rose 1.1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef45503460f94c07199/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Question:
Which components of your kit are most like antibodies?
Arrange the components of the kit to demonstrate how these antibodies “bridge” a pathogen and the tool to kill it?
![Page 37: BIOE 301 Lecture Eight Amit Mistry Feb 6, 2007. BIOE 301 – Lecture 8 WARM-UP Observation: Global average near-surface atmospheric temperature rose 1.1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef45503460f94c07199/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
![Page 38: BIOE 301 Lecture Eight Amit Mistry Feb 6, 2007. BIOE 301 – Lecture 8 WARM-UP Observation: Global average near-surface atmospheric temperature rose 1.1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef45503460f94c07199/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Antibodies How are antibodies made?
B cells Lymphocytes that make antibodies Have B cell receptors on surface 100 million different types of B cells, each
with different surface receptors B cell receptors are so diverse they can
recognize every organic molecule When a B cell binds antigen:
Proliferates - In one week, clone of 20,000 identical B cells
Secretes antibody
![Page 39: BIOE 301 Lecture Eight Amit Mistry Feb 6, 2007. BIOE 301 – Lecture 8 WARM-UP Observation: Global average near-surface atmospheric temperature rose 1.1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef45503460f94c07199/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
![Page 40: BIOE 301 Lecture Eight Amit Mistry Feb 6, 2007. BIOE 301 – Lecture 8 WARM-UP Observation: Global average near-surface atmospheric temperature rose 1.1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef45503460f94c07199/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Adaptive Immune System How do we kill virus once inside the cell?
Antibodies cannot get to it Need T cells
T Cells Recognize protein antigens When bind antigen, undergo clonal selection Three types of T Cells:
Killer T Cells (Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes – CTLs) Helper T Cells (targeted by HIV) Regulatory T Cells
![Page 41: BIOE 301 Lecture Eight Amit Mistry Feb 6, 2007. BIOE 301 – Lecture 8 WARM-UP Observation: Global average near-surface atmospheric temperature rose 1.1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef45503460f94c07199/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
How do T Cells ID Virus Infected Cells?
Antigen Presentation All cells have MHC molecules on surface When virus invades cell, fragments of viral
protein are loaded onto MHC proteins T Cells inspect MHC proteins and use this
as a signal to identify infected cells
![Page 42: BIOE 301 Lecture Eight Amit Mistry Feb 6, 2007. BIOE 301 – Lecture 8 WARM-UP Observation: Global average near-surface atmospheric temperature rose 1.1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef45503460f94c07199/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Question:
Using the components of the kit, demonstrate the two steps required for viral antigens to be presented on the MHC complexes on the surface of the blood cell.
![Page 43: BIOE 301 Lecture Eight Amit Mistry Feb 6, 2007. BIOE 301 – Lecture 8 WARM-UP Observation: Global average near-surface atmospheric temperature rose 1.1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef45503460f94c07199/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
![Page 44: BIOE 301 Lecture Eight Amit Mistry Feb 6, 2007. BIOE 301 – Lecture 8 WARM-UP Observation: Global average near-surface atmospheric temperature rose 1.1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef45503460f94c07199/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Question:
Demonstrate how the T cell can identify a virus infected cell.
Why is this component of the adaptive immune system a significant advance over the innate immune system?
![Page 45: BIOE 301 Lecture Eight Amit Mistry Feb 6, 2007. BIOE 301 – Lecture 8 WARM-UP Observation: Global average near-surface atmospheric temperature rose 1.1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef45503460f94c07199/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
![Page 46: BIOE 301 Lecture Eight Amit Mistry Feb 6, 2007. BIOE 301 – Lecture 8 WARM-UP Observation: Global average near-surface atmospheric temperature rose 1.1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef45503460f94c07199/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Immunologic Memory
First time adaptive immune system is activated by an antigen: Build up a clone of B cells and T cells Takes about a week After infection is over, most die off Some remain – memory cells
Second time adaptive immune system is activated by that antigen: Memory cells are easier to activate Response is much faster – no symptoms
![Page 47: BIOE 301 Lecture Eight Amit Mistry Feb 6, 2007. BIOE 301 – Lecture 8 WARM-UP Observation: Global average near-surface atmospheric temperature rose 1.1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef45503460f94c07199/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
![Page 48: BIOE 301 Lecture Eight Amit Mistry Feb 6, 2007. BIOE 301 – Lecture 8 WARM-UP Observation: Global average near-surface atmospheric temperature rose 1.1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef45503460f94c07199/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
![Page 49: BIOE 301 Lecture Eight Amit Mistry Feb 6, 2007. BIOE 301 – Lecture 8 WARM-UP Observation: Global average near-surface atmospheric temperature rose 1.1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef45503460f94c07199/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Putting it all together
![Page 50: BIOE 301 Lecture Eight Amit Mistry Feb 6, 2007. BIOE 301 – Lecture 8 WARM-UP Observation: Global average near-surface atmospheric temperature rose 1.1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef45503460f94c07199/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
![Page 51: BIOE 301 Lecture Eight Amit Mistry Feb 6, 2007. BIOE 301 – Lecture 8 WARM-UP Observation: Global average near-surface atmospheric temperature rose 1.1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef45503460f94c07199/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
![Page 52: BIOE 301 Lecture Eight Amit Mistry Feb 6, 2007. BIOE 301 – Lecture 8 WARM-UP Observation: Global average near-surface atmospheric temperature rose 1.1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef45503460f94c07199/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Putting it all togetherVirus invades Antibodies bind Prevent virus function
Signal phagocytosis
Present antigen
Activates Killer T cells
Activates B cells
Make more antibodies
Infects cells
Antigen presentation
Kill infected cells!
![Page 53: BIOE 301 Lecture Eight Amit Mistry Feb 6, 2007. BIOE 301 – Lecture 8 WARM-UP Observation: Global average near-surface atmospheric temperature rose 1.1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef45503460f94c07199/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Virus invades Antibodies bind Prevent virus function
Signal phagocytosis
Present antigen
Activates Killer T cells
Activates B cells
Make more antibodies
Infects cells
Antigen presentation
Kill infected cells!
Cell-mediated
Antibody-mediated
![Page 54: BIOE 301 Lecture Eight Amit Mistry Feb 6, 2007. BIOE 301 – Lecture 8 WARM-UP Observation: Global average near-surface atmospheric temperature rose 1.1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef45503460f94c07199/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Summary of Lecture 8
Pathogens: Bacteria and Virus Levels of Immunity:
Barriers First line of defense Innate Inflammation
Phagocytes Complement
Adaptive Immunologic memory Cell mediated immunity Pathogens within
cells Antibody mediated immunity Diversity to recognize 100 million antigens
![Page 55: BIOE 301 Lecture Eight Amit Mistry Feb 6, 2007. BIOE 301 – Lecture 8 WARM-UP Observation: Global average near-surface atmospheric temperature rose 1.1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef45503460f94c07199/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Turn in HW 4 today
Next Time Project Task 2 due on 2/8/07 Influenza virus Vaccines
The most cost-effective medical intervention known to prevent death or disease
![Page 56: BIOE 301 Lecture Eight Amit Mistry Feb 6, 2007. BIOE 301 – Lecture 8 WARM-UP Observation: Global average near-surface atmospheric temperature rose 1.1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef45503460f94c07199/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
For more info:
National Bone Marrow Program http://www.marrow.org/
Baylor Center for Cell and Gene Therapyhttp://www.bcm.edu/genetherapy/
Immunobiology – BIOS 423 - Dr. Novotny