Tutor: Prof. Stefano Bocchi – ESPCo-Tutor: Prof.ssa Lucia Cavalca - Defens

Candidate: Valentina Ada Rosa Vaglia, 1° year

Fognano di Brisighella, 24-09-2019

PROJECT TITLE

BIODIVERSITY AND SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT OF

RICE AGROECOSYSTEM

RICE FIELDS COMPLEX AGROECOSYSTEMS

Le Mer and Roger, 2001. Production, oxidation, emission and consumption of methane by soils: A review. Eur. J. Soil Biol. 37, 25−50

Chou and Lin, 1976. Autointoxication meghanism of Oryza sativa I. Phytotoxic effects of decomposing rice residues in soil. Journal of chimical Ecology, Vol. 2, Issues 3, 353-367

..WHICH NEEDS an

integrated study

Rice fields has a high natural value representing the 15% of the world’s

wetlands

Thanks to rice filelds we could «coltivare l’acqua»

Neverthless to support its ecosystem services, agronomic innovation is needed

in order to face for examples:

• Biodiversity losses;

• Water quality and use efficiency;

• High greenhouse gases emissions.

Examine patterns of richness and community of bacteria

composition across different fields management and rice varieties

combining the DNA metabarcoding approach and environmental

indicators to

Investigating the relationship between bacterial biodiversity,

food web structural properties, GHG emissions and rice

productivity.

OBJECTIVES

EVALUATE BACTERIAL COMMUNITIES

ASSOCIATED TO:

-RICE VARIETIES

-FARMING MANAGEMENTS

EVALUATE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS ASSOCIATED TO:

-RICE VARIETIES

-FARMING MANAGEMENTS

ASSESSMENT OF FARMING

MANAGEMENTS which could enhance

ECOSYSTEM SERVICES

associated with farmland biodiversity

OBJECTIVES

WORK PACKAGES WP1.2018-19

Literature review and planning of experimental activities and surveys.

WP2.2019-20

Evaluation of the differences on CO₂, CH₄ and N₂O flux and rice rizosphere, endosphere and bulk soil investigating bacterial communities associated with different rice cultivated varieties and soil managements in Phytotron chamber and in an experimental open site.

WP3.2020-21

Assessment of farming managements which could enhance ecosystem services such as climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies.

WP1. Literature review and planning of

experimental activities and surveys

Main objectives:

- Planning the activity for DNA metabarcoding analysis of rizosphere,

endosphere and bulk soil microbiota associated to rice-roots

- Find a protocol for measuring greenhouse gasses emissions from both rice

field parcels

- Find information and the availability of rice varieties from seed banks

- Find the experimental site for testing the sustainability of new and standard

rice agrotecniques

WP1. Planning of experimental

activities and surveys

Soil sampling in two

different farming

systems

Illumina Miseq Run

Bacterial communities structure for each

fraction of plant-microbiome

investigatedStatistical analysis to underline the

differences and relationships between

variables

Two weeks later (t0): DNA extraction

from samples of rizosphere, endosphere

and bulk soil microbioma

Flowering stage(t1): DNA extraction

from samples of rizosphere, endosphere

and bulk soil microbioma

Preparation of tanks

for flooded rice

cultivation in a

phytotron chamber

Sampling:- CO₂, CH₄ and N₂O flux

-multi-elettro-chemical parametersof soil and water fraction

-plant physiological parameters atdifferent phenological stage

- biomass production

Data Analyses &

statisticsData Analyses

Bioinformatics &

statistics

PCR Amplification of the 16s rRNA

fragments as a marker for micro-

organism

Reads

WP1. Planning of experimental

activities and surveys

Illumina Miseq Run

Soil communities structure of the

different groups of associated

microorganismsStatistical analysis to underline the

differences between the farming systems and the other variables.

Ecological network analysis to evaluate the

relationship between the different studied

groups under the management strategies.

Soil sampling in two

different farming

systems

at different sampling

times (2 different

phenological stage in

rice)

Reads

Data collection in field parcels with

different rice varieties in two different

farming systems:

- CO₂, CH₄ and N₂O flux

-Multi-electro-chemical parameters of soil

and water fraction

-rice plant physiological parameters at

different phenological stage

- Biomass and yield production data

Data Analyses &

statistics

Data Analyses

Bioinformatics &

statistics

Environmental DNA extraction

PCR Amplification of of the 16s

rRNA fragments as a marker for

micro-organism

2019 Experimental activities and surveys The experimental design comprise a split-plot 3 × (4 different rice varieties × 2

different soil sampled from organic and non-organic farms) in a greenhouse were

planned.

The protocols for DNA metabarcoding analysis of rizosphere, endosphere and bulk

soil targeting the microbiota associated with rice-roots were established, starting

from soil sampling in the selected fields, extraction kits and lab materials

preparation.

The methodology of greenhouse gasses emission detection have been designed

and prepared. This protocol will be improved in the second year.

Perspectives of experimental activities and

surveys

Main objectives:

Find a protocol for measuring green house gasses emissions from both rice

field parcels and phytotrone rice pots

Results:

According with Minotti et al. 2016 CH₄ and N₂O emissions will be collected

using the non –steady-state closed chamber technique. Headspace gas

samples from inside the chambers were collected at 0,10, 20 and 30 min after

the chamber closure, and subsequently injected into pre evacuated vials for

analysis by gas chromatography.

Perspectives of experimental activities and

surveys

Main objectives:

Find information and the availability of rice varieties from seed banks

Results:

According with Spada et al. 2004 and Mantegazza et al. 2008 and the availability of rice varieties from the ENTE NAZIONALE RISI collection we willcompare:

9 different rice varieties according with the heterogeneus groups classifiedafter the genetic relationship analysis on 96 selected rice accessions(Spada et al. 2004). These rice varieties will be divided in three principaltemporal trends according with the period of theyr registration on varietalcatalogue (Mantegazza et al. 2008)

Perspectives of experimental activities and

surveys

Main objectives:

Find the experimental site for testing the sustainability of new and standard rice agrotecniques

Results:

According with the strong interest founded in literature about agro-environmental sustainability of different managment practices of rice agro-ecosystems and the lack of scientific informations about organic riceagrotecniques I founded intresting asking to ENTE NAZIONALE RISI the availability of their experimental platform.

The experimental design will comprise a split-plot 3 x (9 different rice varietiesx 2 different rice agrotecniques)

THANK YOU