Biodiversity and its conservation.ppt
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Transcript of Biodiversity and its conservation.ppt
BIODIVERSITY OF INDIA
by Nity Nishant
Life+ variety species inhabiting the earth estimates
vary from 8 to 14 million speciesIndia, a megadiversity country with only
2.4% of the land area, accounts for 7-8% of the recorded species of the world
45,500 species of plants and 91,000 species of animals
Levels of Biodiversity
1. Genetic Diversity: genetic variation within a species
2. Species Diversity :diversity among species
Ecosystem Diversity: diversity of habitats
Benefits associated with Biodiversity
Biological resourcesFoodMedicinal resources and pharmaceutical
drugsWood productsOrnamental plants
Ecosystem servicesProtection of Soils Erosion and floodsNutrient storage and recyclingPollution breakdown and absorptionContribution to climate stability
Social benefitsResearch, education and monitoringRecreation and tourismCultural values
Biodiversity Hotspots An area which faces serious threat from
human activities and supports a unique biodiversity
Criteria to be qualified:Accordingly to the Conservation
Internationalit must contain at least 1,500 species of vascular plants (> 0.5 percent of the world’s total) as endemics, and
it has to have lost at least 70 percent of its original habitat.
(http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/150569/)
Biodiversity hotspots in IndiaThe Western Ghats/Sahyadri Mountains-high rainfall,
states includes Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala. There are over 6000 vascular plants, 3000 are endemic belonging to over 2500 genera
The Eastern Himalayas- region encompassing Bhutan, northeastern India, and Nepal. It has nearly 163 globally threatened species including 45 mammals, 50 birds, 17 reptiles, 12 amphibians, 3 invertebrate and 36 plant species
(http://www.biodiversityofindia.org/index.php?title=Biodiversity_hotspots_in_India)
Biodiversity hotspots in India…
Indo-Burma- spread out from Eastern Bangladesh to Malaysia, covers 2 million sq km, supports wide diversity of climate and habitat patterns, Much of this region is still a wilderness, but has been deteriorating rapidly in the past few decades
Sundaland- It includes Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, and Indonesia, Nicobar Islands. The United Nations declared the islands a World Biosphere Reserve in 2013, rich terrestrial and marine ecosystem that includes mangroves, coral reefs and sea grass beds.
Recent extinctions (India)
Mammals- Indian / Asiatic Cheetah, Javan Rhinoceros and Sumatran Rhinoceros
Birds- Pink-headed Duck (Rhodonessa caryophyllacea) and theHimalayan Quail(Ophrysia superciliosa)
(http://www.biodiversityofindia.org/index.php?title=Biodiversity_hotspots_in_India)
Asiatic cheetahHimalayan Quail
Pink headed Duck
Sumatran Rhinoceros Javan Rhinoceros
warbler
Threats To Global Biodiversity
Habitat loss/degradationOver-hunting /PoachingClimate changeResource mismanagementInvasion of non-native /exotic speciesNatural CalamitiesPollutionOvergrazing
Progammes on Conservation of Biodiversity
In-situ ConservationConserving the animals and plants in their
natural habitats National parks Sanctuaries Biosphere reserves Reserved and protected forests Project Tiger, Project Elephant, Save the
Barasingha campaign
Ex-situ ConservationConserving the animals and plants away
from their natural habitatSeed banksGermplasm Botanical gardensZoological parks
Legislation Environment Protection Act, 1986 Fisheries Act, 1897 Forest Act, 1927 Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972 Wildlife (Protection) Amendment Act 1991
National Forest Policy amended in 1988, National Conservation Strategy and Policy Statement for Environment
and Sustainable Development National Agricultural Policy National Land Use Policy National Fisheries Policy National Policy and Action Strategy on Biodiversity National Wildlife Action Plan Environmental Action Plan.
Thanks..
IUCN’s clip