Biodiversity and climate change: Integrating REDD+ into BioTrade strategies … · 2020. 9. 2. ·...

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Biodiversity and climate change:Integrating REDD+

into BioTrade strategies

U N I T E D N AT I O N S C O N F E R E N C E O N T R A D E A N D D E V E L O P M E N T

Biodiversity and climate change:Integrating REDD+

into BioTrade strategies

U N I T E D N AT I O N S C O N F E R E N C E O N T R A D E A N D D E V E L O P M E N T

BIOTRADE

11–13 DECEMBER 2013 - GENEVA

Report of the

CONGRESSNew York and Geneva, 2015

U N I T E D N A T I O N S C O N F E R E N C E O N T R A D E A N D D E V E L O P M E N T

Report of theII BIOTRADE CONGRESSBIODIVERSITY AND CLIMATE CHANGE: INTEGRATING REDD+ INTO BIOTRADE STRATEGIES11–13 DECEMBER 2013 - GENEVA

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UNITED NATIONS PUBLICATIONCopyright © United Nations, 2014All rights reserved

UNCTAD/DITC/TED/2014/6

NOTEThe designations employed and the presentation of the material do not imply the expression of any opinion on the part of the United Nations

concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of authorities or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.

Material in this publication may be freely quoted or reprinted, but acknowledgement is requested, together with a copy of the publication

containing the quotation or reprint to be sent to the UNCTAD secretariat.

This publication has been edited externally.

For further information on UNCTAD’s BioTrade Initiative please consult the following website:

http://www.unctad.org/biotrade

or contact: [email protected]

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThis report of the Second BioTrade Congress: Biodiversity and Climate Change: Integrating REDD+ into BioTrade Strategies was compiled and prepared by the

Trade, Environment, Climate Change and Sustainable Development Branch of the UNCTAD Secretariat, under the supervision of Lorena Jaramillo Castro, Economic

A�airs O�cer and David Vivas-Eugui, Legal O�cer of UNCTAD, with the support of Ivonne Paredes, Programme Assistant. Contributors to this publication are the

Colombian Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development, Peruvian Ministry of Environment, Swiss State Secretariat for Economic A�airs (SECO), CITES

Management Authority (Switzerland), the Union for Ethical BioTrade (UEBT) and PhytoTrade Africa. The publication was edited by Vivien Stone.

UNCTAD gratefully acknowledges the support of the Swiss State Secretariat for Economic A�airs for the organization of the II BioTrade Congress. Support for the

Congress was also drawn from a United Nations Development Account project. UNCTAD would also like to thank all the moderators and speakers at the Congress

for their support and contributions in sharing their experiences and lessons learned. The wide base of support demonstrates the real interest there is in making

BioTrade a commercial success and the growing recognition of the role that synergies between BioTrade and REDD+ can play in climate change mitigation and

adaptation e�orts by developing countries.

Guillermo Valles

Director

Division on International Trade in Goods

and Services, and Commodities (DITC)

PREVIOUS CONGRESS

Biodiversity:The Life of the Green Economy

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I.

II.

III.

IV.

V.

VI.

VII.

FOREWORD

SECOND BIOTRADE CONGRESSBIODIVERSITY AND CLIMATE CHANGE:INTEGRATING REDD+ INTO BIOTRADE STRATEGIES

THE POST-2015 DEVELOPMENT AGENDA

EMERGING ISSUE: CLIMATE CHANGE AND BIOTRADE – OPPORTUNITIESAND CHALLENGES

POLICY FRAMEWORKS: BIODIVERSITY STRATEGIC PLANAND THE AICHI TARGETS

BENEFIT SHARING IN BIODIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEMS SERVICES

ACCESSING AND DEVELOPING MARKETS FOR BIODIVERSITYPRODUCTS AND SERVICES

VALUE CHAIN ENHANCEMENT

SOUTHþSOUTH AND CROSSþINDUSTRY COPERATION ÿ SHARINGOF EXPERIENCES AND BEST PRACTICES

IMPORTANCE OF TRACEABILITY SYSTEMS ÿ SHARING OF EXPERIENCESAND KNOWLEDGE

SUPPORTERSPARTNERSACRONYMS

BIOTRADE

CON

GRESS

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STRATEGIES

C O N T E N T S

11–13D

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-GENEVA

VIII.

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F O R E W O R D

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Mûkhòùî KòúûþòSecretary-General, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)

The conservation and responsible managementof biodiversity is essential to meeting the needs ofhumankind, today and tomorrow, and to sustainingour common planet. Biodiversity, ecosystems, speciesand genetic resources are a source of food, medicines,fresh water, productive soils and clean air. Accordingto the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)Secretariat, some 70 per cent of the world’s poor inrural areas directly depend on such resources to cover90 per cent of their needs. Indeed, around 1.6 billionpeople depend on forest and non-timber forestproducts (NTFPs) for their livelihoods, and morethan 3 billion people depend on coastal and marinebiodiversity. Beyond its direct role in livelihoods,biodiversity is also valued and used by societies forcultural, spiritual and religious purposes.

Furthermore, the sustainable transformation ofbiodiversity resources into tradable goods andservices can prove a valuable platform for economicdevelopment. For example, global demand fornatural and organic cosmetic and personal careproducts is growing significantly, particularlyfor sustainably sourced natural ingredients. TheIndonesian Cosmetic Association has estimated thatthe major markets for these products have grownby over 11 per cent between 2009 and 2010, andare expected to reach US$ 6.7 billion in the UnitedStates; US$ 5.6 billion in Brazil; US$ 8.2 billion inEurope; and US$ 16.2 billion in Asia in 2015.

Of course, great care needs to be taken to ensurethat our usage does not deplete biodiversity, soas to ensure that its beneýts can be enjoyed acrossgenerations. Today, biodiversity is greatly threatened

by human activity due to over exploitation andhabitat loss, such as from hunting, deforestation,fishing and pollution, as well as the negativeeffects of climate change. Thus, biodiversity lossmust be addressed and prevented, and the use ofbiodiversity-based resources must be managed ina sustainable, equitable and inclusive manner. úismust also be a key concern in the formulation of thePost-2015 UNDevelopment Agenda and SustainableDevelopment Goals (SDGs).

Against this background, UNCTAD launched andimplemented its BioTrade Initiative in 1996. úisprogramme aims to help developing countriesachieve the dual objectives of biodiversityconservation and improved economic and socialwelfare. It does so by linking the conservation andsustainable use of biodiversity on the one hand, andthe trade of its derived products and services onthe other. úrough close cooperation with national,regional and international partners, BioTrade hasgenerated beneýts in 21 countries in Asia, Africa andLatin America. For example:

• BioTrade activities have beneýted approximately30 000 collectors, breeders, hunters and producers,creating jobs and generating additional incomeopportunities for rural and marginal communitiesas well as other actors in the value chain.• More than 19 million hectares of land aresustainably managed by beneýciary organizationsworking in BioTrade, promoting the conservationand sustainable use of biodiversity.• Sales revenues of BioTrade beneficiaryorganizations, working with small andmedium sized

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F O R E W O R D

enterprises (SMEs) and multinational companies,amounted to US$ 4.1 billion in 2011, showing a 76per cent growth rate from 2010.

With the help of the BioTrade Initiative, beneýciarycountries can capture trade and investmentopportunities arising from sustainably producedbiodiversity-based products and services, anddiversify their economies and exports into a widevariety of sectors such as food, personal care,pharmaceutical/traditional medicine and fashionindustries, sustainable agriculture, flowers andfoliage, fibres and handicrafts, and sustainabletourism. Indeed, the report of the United NationsSecretary-General to the 68th Session of theGeneral Assembly on “Mainstreaming of the threedimensions of sustainable development throughoutthe United Nations system” recognized theimportant contribution of the BioTrade Initiative.

úe II BioTrade Congress entitled “Biodiversity andClimate Change: Integrating REDD+ into BioTradeStrategies” focused on how best to integrateclimate change mitigation measures into BioTradeactivities. It is clear that our efforts to conservebiodiversity and promote its sustainable use foreconomic development must also take into accountthe need to mitigate climate change.

In particular, the UN Framework Convention onClimate Change (UNFCCC) introduced targetedmeasures such as Reducing Emissions fromDeforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD),which now includes “conservation, sustainablemanagement of forests and enhancement of forestcarbon stocks” (REDD+). These measures offerfinancial incentives for developing countries toreduce emissions from forested lands and invest inlow-carbon paths to foster sustainable development.Furthermore, the United Nations Climate ChangeConference held in 2013 in Warsaw agreed on theWarsaw Framework for REDD+, which provides apackage of measures designed to contribute bothto climate change mitigation and biodiversityconservation. In addition, US$ 280 million was

pledged by Norway, the United Kingdom andthe United States of America to support REDD+activities.

With the introduction of such REDD+measures andfunding, developing countries have an opportunityto integrate biodiversity conservation activities intoclimate-friendly policies, thereby strengtheninglocal sustainable economic activities in forestareas. Combining REDD+ and BioTrade promisesthe dual benefit of carbon sequestration andbiodiversity conservation. Indeed, it can create twosigniýcant revenue streams for local communitiesthat commercialize carbon credits and BioTradeproducts and services. According to Forest Trends, in2012, buyers committed more than US$ 523 millionto oûset 101 million metric tons of greenhouse gas(GHG).

To assist developing countries in taking advantage ofsuch opportunities, UNCTAD, together with ForestsAlive and international experts, is now developing astep-by-step training manual that provides guidancefor accessing REDD+ and BioTrade projects. We arealso engaged in discussions on how to coordinatejoint eûorts to seize emerging opportunities.

The II BioTrade Congress provided a platformfor a significant number of stakeholders to sharetheir experiences of BioTrade and related eûorts tointegrate climate change mitigation. Among others,these included the Ministries of Environment ofColombia and Peru, the BioTrade programmesin the Andean Region and Viet Nam, PhytoTradeAfrica, Forests Alive, the Union for EthicalBioTrade (UEBT), the CITES Secretariat and CITESManagement Authority of Switzerland, varioustransnational corporations as well as experts fromBrazil, Ecuador and Paciýc islands including PapuaNew Guinea and Vanuatu.

UNCTADwould like to express its deep appreciationfor the continued support of its BioTrade Initiativeby Switzerland through the Swiss State Secretariat forEconomic Aûairs (SECO).

Pêðõðåòçæëõ:UNCTAD.

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C l i m a t e c h a n g e has taken its toll onbiodiversity and, as a development challenge,it requires an integrated and strategic approachincluding the integration of biodiversity-basedstrategies in climate change mitigation. TheUNFCCC has introduced targeted measuressuch as Reducing Emissions from Deforestationand Forest Degradation (REDD), which nowincludes “conservation, sustainable management offorests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks”(REDD+). úese measures oûer ýnancial incentivesfor developing countries to reduce emissionsfrom forested lands, by conserving forests, and toinvest in low-carbon emission paths to sustainabledevelopment. With the introduction of thesemeasures, there exists an opportunity for developingcountries to integrate BioTrade activities intoclimate-friendly policies, thereby strengthening local

I.II BIOTRADE CONGRESSBiodiversity and climate change: Integrating REDD+ into BioTrade Strategies

SECOND BIOTRADE CONGRESSBIODIVERSITY AND CLIMATE CHANGE:INTEGRATING REDD+INTO BIOTRADE STRATEGIES

economic activities in forest areas and beneýttinglocal communities while conserving both forestsand biodiversity. They can also offer sustainabledevelopment opportunities for developing countrieswithin biodiversity-based and carbon markets.

To address this opportunity, under the 7th trancheof the United Nations Development Account,UNCTAD implemented the project “Strengtheningthe capacity of policymakers and businessleaders in three BioTrade beneficiary countriesin integrating REDD+ projects into BioTradestrategies”. úis project strengthened the capacitiesof three developing countries (Brazil, Colombia andEcuador) in formulating and implementingmutuallysupportive trade, environment and sustainabledevelopment strategies in line with BioTrade andREDD+ practices.

I.

Pêðõðåòçæëõ:©

Fðõðíëä:Fðõðôâ9à.

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In order to disseminate the experiences and lessonsgenerated in this project as well as other partners’related activities, the II BioTrade Congress wasorganized in Geneva from 11 to 13 December 2013.úis Congress focused on how climate change issuesand mechanisms, such as REDD+, can be leveragedto preserve biodiversity, including forests, and alsoprovide a platform for cooperation and additionalbusiness opportunities to be captured by BioTradepartners and practitioners. BioTrade projects andcompanies are already providing a frameworkthat can form the basis for developing carbonsequestration projects in that:

• BioTrade aims to contribute to increasing thevalue of existing forests vis-à-vis other unsustainablepractices that convert forests to other uses (e.g. illegaldeforestation and/or degradation);• BioTrade practitioners have been fostering theconservation and sustainable management ofexisting forests through the sustainable harvesting ofnon-timber forest products, and sustainable tourisminitiatives; and• BioTrade actors have strong linkages with localcommunities, as they are not only involved in

business but also have experience in implementingBioTrade.

úe Congress was convened by UNCTAD, with thesupport of BioTrade partners and practitioners inAfrica, Asia and Latin America, as well as expertsworking on REDD+ and climate change and SECO.Utilizing the expertise of BioTrade partners andexperts, the event was organized in ýve sessionswhere government, private sector and civil societyrepresentatives covered a variety of importanttopics.

úe present report compiles the deliberations, issuesand recommendations arising from the Congress.The report will be made available to relevantmultilateral processes and channels, including inUNCTAD, multilateral environmental agreements(MEAs) and UN processes related to the SustainableDevelopment Goals, among others, in order tocontinue mainstreaming BioTrade into relevantpolicy frameworks and processes at the multilateral,regional and national levels.

Pêðõðåòçæëõ:AïæùBðõçííç.

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Fðõðíëä:åêòëôãá.


Fotolia:chris74.

Pêðõðåòçæëõ:Dä÷ëæVë÷äô.

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TIME SESSIONS MODERATOR

1 1 D e c e m b e r 2 0 1 3

0 9 : 0 0 – 1 0 : 3 0 Welcoming remarks and the Post-2015 DevelopmentAgenda

UNCTAD

1 0 : 4 5 – 1 3 : 0 0 Emerging issue: Climate change and BioTrade –opportunities and challenges

UNCTAD

1 4 : 3 0 – 1 6 : 3 0 Session 1: Policy frameworks: Biodiversity StrategicPlan and Aichi Targets

Ministry of Environmentand Sustainable Developmentin Colombia

1 6 : 3 0 – 1 8 : 3 0 Session 2: Beneýt sharing in biodiversityand ecosystems services

Union for Ethical BioTrade

1 2 D e c e m b e r 2 0 1 3

1 0 : 0 0 – 1 3 : 0 0 Session 3: Accessing and developing marketsfor biodiversity products and services

SECO

1 4 : 3 0 – 1 7 : 3 0 Session 4: Value chain enhancement PhytoTrade Africa

1 3 D e c e m b e r 2 0 1 3

1 0 : 0 0 – 1 3 : 0 0 Session 5a: South‑South and cross‑industrycooperation – sharing of experiencesand best practices

Ministry of Environmentin Peru

1 4 : 3 0 – 1 6 : 3 0 Session 5b: Importance of traceability systems –sharing of experiences and knowledge

CITES Management Authority/Federal Veterinary Ofýcein Switzerland

1 7 : 0 0 – 1 8 : 3 0 Closing remarks UNCTAD

II BioTrade CongressBiodiversity and climate change: Integrating REDD+ into BioTrade strategies

11-13 DECEMBER 2013 GENEVA

Bò÷ðòüñøùòúþ îõð ïôòmîúñ ïhîõgñ: Iõúñgøîúòõg REDD+ òõú÷ Bò÷Tøîðñ ùúøîúñgòñù

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Background

The session highlighted the importance of aninclusive and environmentally responsibledevelopment path in order to promote prosperityfor all countries. It emphasized the role of trade

as an enabler and the importance of sustainabletrade in biodiversity based products and servicesin order to achieve sustainable development.

Summary of the panel

During this ýrst session of the Congress high-levelspeakers acknowledged the signiýcant contributionof biodiversity and ecosystems services. Theseconstitute key inputs to a wide variety of goods andservices, as well as to climate change mitigationand poverty eradication in rural areas.

The trade value of biodiversity-derived productsin key industries illustrates the importance ofbiodiversity for the emergence of a greener economywith tangible beneýts for actors involved in the valuechain. Estimations by the CBD Secretariat indicatethat the natural ingredient driven cosmetic industryalone is worth US$ 26 billion. Similarly, the naturalbeverage industry represents around US$ 23 billion,the seed and crop industry US$ 43 billion and

botanicals sales approximately US$ 85 billion. úisexpansion has been drivenmostly by rising consumerawareness, interest and choices that take on boardethical, biodiversity-friendly and sustainabilityconsiderations when purchasing goods and services.

However, underlying causes of biodiversity loss suchas over exploitation and habitat loss, deforestationand pollution remain mostly unaltered. “Biodiversityloss must be addressed and prevented, and the useof biodiversity-based resources must be managed ina sustainable, equitable and inclusive manner. úismust also be a key concern in the formulation of thePost-2015 UNDevelopment Agenda and SustainableDevelopment Goals”, expressed Mukhisa Kituyi,UNCTAD’s Secretary-General.

Mø. Gûòôôñøm÷VîôôñùDirectorDivision on InternationalTrade in Goods and Services,and Commodities (DITC)UNCTAD

Mø. Mûkhòùî KòúûþòSecretary-Generalof UNCTAD

I. THE POSTþ2015DEVELOPMENT AGENDA

II.

Mø. Bøîûôò÷ DòîùExecutive Secretary, CBD

Mø. Hîõù‑PñúñøEgôñøHead of the Divisionfor Trade Promotion, SECO

Mø. J÷hõ Sïîõô÷õSecretary‑General, CITES

Moderator

SpeakersWelcoming remarks

Keynotespeakers


II BIOTRADE CONGRESSBiodiversity and climate change: Integrating REDD+ into BioTrade Strategies

9

In this context, UNCTAD’s BioTrade programme hasemerged over the last 20 years as an approach thatuses trade in biodiversity based goods and servicesto promote income generation at the local level whilecontributing to biodiversity conservation. UNCTAD’sSecretary-General, Mukhisa Kituyi, indicated that“Sales revenues of BioTrade beneýciary organizations,working with SMEs and multinational companies,amounted to US$ 4.1 billion in 2011, showing a76 per cent growth rate from 2010”. úese ýguresshow a signiýcant increase in the commercial valueof sustainable produced biodiversity-based productsin both developed and developing country markets,with consequential impact on incomes of actorsinvolved.

More recently, “BioTrade is also becoming aninstrument that contributes to climate changemitigation””, indicated Hans-Peter Egler, Head of theDivision for Trade Promotion at the State Secretariatfor Economic Aûairs (SECO), Switzerland. At thebeginning there were no climate change mechanismsthat were very coherent with biodiversity. Withthe emergence of the REDD+ programmes andexploratory work moving toward the convergence ofBioTrade and climate change mitigation approaches,there are opportunities for dual benefits to theinternational community.

Hans-Peter Egler expressed further that Peru hasbeen one of the leading examples on the evolution

Pêðõðåòçæëõ:TêçBðæùSêðñ.


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of BioTrade programmes where coherent regulations,support and capacity building programmes andstakeholder participation has generated practicalresults and the emergence of successful products.

Creating synergies between multiple layers ofincentivesmay allow the conservation and restorationof ecosystems diversity while ensuring the servicesthey provide, such as carbon stocks, are maintainedsaid Braulio Dias, Executive Secretary of the CBD.úis is becoming more evident with the introductionof REDD+ projects in secondary markets.

BioTrade has also become a vehicle to complementthe implementation of global regulations regardingtrade of endangered or potentially endangeredanimal and plant species covered by the Conventionon International Trade in Endangered Species ofWild Fauna and Flora (CITES).

“CITES does not promote or discourage trade,CITES is about the regulation of trade in listedspecies. Legal and sustainable collection, processingand trade of listed species such as vicuna, snakes,crocodile and the African cherry are supportingthe livelihoods of local communities”, stated John

Scanlon, Secretary-General of CITES. Current jointefforts by UNCTAD and CITES to seek optionsfor eûective traceability systems for python skinsare very practical and can have real effects inpromoting legal, veriýable and sustainable trade andin ensuring the livelihoods of those closer to suchnatural resources.

Biodiversity is by nature multi-dimensional andhence necessitates a multi-stakeholder approach.Working with diûerent stakeholders has transactioncosts when building incentives, but if regulationsand efforts are properly aligned there will besustainable outcomes.

The imminent entry into force of the NagoyaProtocol will have a significant impact overaccess, benefit sharing and flows of biologicaland genetic resources and on the preservation oftraditional knowledge held by local and indigenouscommunities. The Protocol provides a clearerregulatory framework and enabling environmenton Access and Beneýt Sharing (ABS) and its properimplementation can generate new businesses basedon sustainable sourcing and respect of the rights ofstakeholders.


Fðõðíëä:jìòäèõâ.


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Key conclusions

úe main conclusions of the session were:

• úe signiýcance of the contribution of biodiversityand ecosystems services as key inputs to a widevariety of goods and services, including climatechange mitigation and poverty eradication in ruralareas.

• Recent eûorts in creating synergies between climatechange mechanisms such as REDD+ and BioTradeprovide a unique and unprecedented opportunityto generate convergence between climate changemitigation and biodiversity conservation goals.

• Developing REDD+ and BioTrade projects willneed a very pragmatic approach as well as technicalefforts by the climate change and biodiversitycommunities. Practical experiences in this regardshould be encouraged and supported.

• Sustainable sourcing in CITES-listed species canstrengthen BioTrade in relevant sectors such asfashion design, textiles, cosmetics and medicinal

plants which support livelihoods among those atthe lower part of the value chain. The continuationand expansion of CITES-UNCTAD work ontraceability of python species and possibly to otheranimal and plant species will provide a platformfor safer sourcing and increase cooperation fromthe private sector in the fulfilment of the CITESconvention.

• Sustainable trade, biodiversity conservation andclimate mitigation are key concerns that needto be addressed coherently in the formulationof the Post-2015 Development Agenda and thedevelopment of the Sustainable DevelopmentGoals.

Pêðõðåòçæëõ:CORPEI.


Fðõðíëä:FòäïåìMðïïðõ.

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I. EMERGING ISSUE: CLIMATE CHANGEANDBIOTRADE ÿOPPORTUNITIESAND CHALLENGES

III.

Background

BioTrade and REDD+ activities are strongly linkedand have the potential to generate complementaryrevenues for local communities. The sessionfocused on discussing the potential opportunitiesand challenges in working on joint BioTrade andREDD+ initiatives. It included an update on theUNFCCC discussions on REDD+ and voluntary

carbon markets, as well as a presentation of theUNCTAD-Forests Alive e-course and methodologyto support the design and implementation ofinnovative REDD+ and BioTrade projects complyingwith BioTrade principles. Finally, the sessionprovided insights in the development of the REDD+and BioTrade project in Ecuador.

Moderator

Mù. L÷øñõîJîøîmòôô÷ Cîùúø÷Economic Affairs OfýcerUNCTAD

Speakers

Mù. ThîòùLòõhîøñù‑JûüñõîôSenior OfýcerUN-REDD ProgrammeSecretariat and member ofthe UN-REDD ProgrammeManagement Group

Mø. LîýøñõïñRòmmñøResearch Co-ordinator& Technical SpecialistForests Alive

Mù. IùîûøîFø÷õðòzòUNCTAD consultant in Brazil

Mø. DîõòñôVîôñõzûñôîUNCTAD consultant in Ecuador

PêðõðåòçæëõUNCTAD.


Fðõðíëä:SçòéçùBçíð÷.


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S÷ûøïñ: Presentation made by Forests Alive during the II BioTrade Congress, 11 December 2013.

fògûøñ 1


Standing forests, aside from their ecological value,have long been the main source of livelihoods forrural poor and indigenous communities in developingcountries. Climate change, including from cuttingforests, is a real risk to society and biodiversity. Tocounter climate changemitigation solutions have beendeveloped – one of which is the REDD+.

REDD+ projects can be a cost-effective way tostabilize emissions by enhancing carbon stocksthrough conservation and sustainable use of forests.BioTrade can complement REDD+ through itsprinciples, approaches and methodologies. Togetherthey can provide incentives for forest and biodiversityconservation. Successful projects should take intoaccount decisions taken at the Conference of theParties to the UNFCCC and CBD, as well as othernational and international initiatives and approachesin this ýeld.

To date BioTrade projects have been running longerand generated more concrete beneýts than REDD+

projects. If REDD+ and BioTrade activities aresynchronized, implementation costs can be reducedwhile maximizing the value of ecosystems servicesand carbon sequestration, strengthening valuechains, stimulating job creation, and alleviatingpoverty in rural areas. The Ecuadorian cocoaexperience showed that higher economic beneýtsare achieved with monocrops than with agroforestrysystems with higher carbon dioxide sequestration.Consequently, combining BioTrade and REDD+approaches may increase the value of activities thatnot only conserve forests (and carbon stocks) but alsoprovide higher economic beneýts to communitiesdue to the two revenue streams (sale of carbon creditsand of biodiversity products and services).

During this session, the first step-by-stepmethodology to design and implement combinedREDD+ and BioTrade projects was discussed(Figure 1). úis methodology also underpinned thedevelopment of the UNCTAD e-learning course“Developing joint BioTrade and REDD+ projects”.úe ýrst e-learning course was conducted in early2014 (www.biotrade.org/eLearnREDDplus.htm).


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Key conclusions

There is potential to link REDD+ and BioTrade,particularly as both are positive incentives toconserve and sustainably use existing forests. Findingsynergies between REDD+ and BioTrade implies acoordinated eûort to ensure:

• An enabling policy environment;

• Private sector investment in carbon sequestrationand BioTrade products and services; and

• Local communities participate in the managementof carbon stocks, in sustainable value-added activitiesand in beneýt sharing.

In REDD+ the beneýts are not immediately visibleand entail a rather more medium or long-termendeavour. In the case of BioTrade, bringingproducts to market and receiving payment is moredirect, tangible and immediate. úerefore, BioTradecould motivate investors and stakeholders to startactivities with a longer term aim of implementingREDD+.

Linking REDD+ and BioTrade activities is a newarea for both climate change and biodiversitycommunities. There are challenges associatedwith this integration that are related to forestconservation, land ownership and management


Fðõðíëä:ìäíùñôðß.

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issues, as well as complex methodologies andlegal frameworks. The different standardsand methodologies available for REDD+ and forbiodiversity-based products and services may alsoconfuse companies and project developers.

Consequently, bringing these two concepts togetherneeds to be further assessed and clearly explained inorder not to overwhelm potential practitioners. Apragmatic exercise between REDD+ and BioTradeconcepts is essential. It implies capacity building,awareness raising and field testing exercisesconsidering the specific needs of the differentstakeholders and ecosystems. The UNCTADe-learning course on REDD+ and BioTrade(www.biotrade.org/eLearnREDDplus.htm) seeksto provide a platform for understanding the

basics of REDD+ and BioTrade. The guidelinesand methodology offer a starting point toformulate and develop joint REDD+ and BioTradeinitiatives and identify opportunities and challengesfor integrating both incentives and ensuringeûective implementation.

Pêðõðåòçæëõ:AîäúðïAòðîä.

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IV. POLICY FRAMEWORKS:BIODIVERSITY STRATEGIC PLANAND THE AICHI TARGETS

Backgroundúe restoration of ecosystems and the diversity of lifeon earth, and the eradication of poverty all followfrom having a healthy environment with servicesto ensure human welfare. Hence the need to takethe urgent and eûective measures necessary to haltthe loss of biodiversity. It requires that all actorsinvolved need to cooperate and remain steadfastin implementing the 2011–2020 BiodiversityStrategic Plan and fulýlling the Aichi Targets. úis

is a huge task where all eûorts need to be alignedto build on synergies, optimize the use of resourcesand enhance the impacts and outcomes achieved.A truly sustainable and inclusive approach is required.The session provided a space where speakers andparticipants shared practical experiences that arecontributing to speciýc Aichi Targets. Speciýc targetsthat BioTrade partners are already working towardswere identified and also targets where they couldmake a potential contribution.

Moderator

Speakers

Mø. Ròk Kûúùïh‑L÷jñõgîExecutive DirectorUnion for Ethical BioTrade

Mù. Vîõñùùî IõgîøSpecialist on BioTradeMinistry of Environment, Peru

Mø. J÷ùñ MîõûñôDíîz H÷þ÷ùSpecialist in EnvironmentalManagementMinistry of Environment andSustainable DevelopmentColombia

Mø. R÷bñøú LîmbSenior Programme OfýcerUNEP

Mù. Dòîõî MñjíîExecutive DirectorCorporación BiocomercioSostenible, Colombia

Mù. Hîøûk÷ OkûùûCapacity Building CoordinatorCITES Secretariat



The Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011–2020provides a coherent vision, mission and a set of ývestrategic goals and 25 Aichi Targets. It seeks to ensurethat “biodiversity is valued, conserved, restoredand wisely used, maintaining ecosystems services,sustaining a healthy planet and delivering beneýtsessential for all people”. A series of tools, includingnational reports, an impact indicator frameworkand the Global Biodiversity Outlook which enablemonitoring and ensure eûective implementation andachievement of the Aichi Targets, were discussed.The implementation of BioTrade related projects

and activities contribute to the advancement ofthe Aichi Targets. The most relevant targets forBioTrade activities include: T1 (awareness raising),T3 (incentives), T4 (business engagement), T7(sustainable agriculture practices), T12 (speciesbased focus), T14 (improved livelihoods), T15(resilient ecosystems) and T16 (Nagoya Protocolimplementation).

úe UEBT Biodiversity Barometer is already beingused as indicator for Aichi targets 1 and 4 as itprovides a clear understanding of the level consumer


17

awareness on business engagement. úe Barometershows an increasing level of awareness on biodiversitysince 2009. úe UEBT has also developed a set ofguidelines and an access and beneýt sharing (ABS)training tool to incorporate the benefit sharingcomponent in private sector policies, especially inthe cosmetic sector.

The CITES/UNCTAD partnership has allowed anenhanced understanding of the use of certain speciesin biodiversity-based products and of traceabilityoptions within value chains. úis has been illustratedin the trade and sustainable use of Caiman yacareskin and meat, candelilla wax, python snake skin andvicuna wool. Specifically this work contributes toAichi targets 12 and 19.

The emergence of national BioTrade programmeshas promoted the creation of a more enabling

environment. Peru has been able to integrate Aichitargets 3, 4, 7 and 14 with its BioTrade frameworkthrough carefully choosing and promoting relevantvalue chains via support programmes (e.g. UNCTADBioTrade, BioCAN, PeruBiodiverso, and Prodern).Today Peru has created a National BioTradeCommission and will be adopting a speciýc BioTradestrategy and action plan.

Corporación Biocomercio Sostenible’s GHGmitigation and BioTrade joint initiative iscontributing to Aichi targets 14 and 15. It does soby diversifying options for land use and improvingvalue chains that benefit local communities inthe same area. This joint initiative has developedincentives to avoid deforestation through thepayment of ecosystems services while engaging inlocal production with low or no impact on forests.

Pêðõðåòçæëõ:CBD.

18

Key conclusions

úe following conclusions and recommendationsemerged:

• úere is a need to improve regulatory coherenceand coordinated implementation of trade andenvironmental policies and the formalization of toolsand processes for BioTrade promotion. úis type ofaction would support Aichi targets 3, 4 and 7.

• Regional and national strategic planning, productpriority setting, demarcation of conservation zonesand capacity building are tools that have proven

effective and have facilitated successful cases inAndean countries.

• The development of national regulatory andinstitutional capacity in biodiversity, includingincentive measures such as BioTrade and supportinggovernments to implement the Aichi Targets andempower communities, would support targets 3, 4,7, 14 and 16.

• The introduction of tools that support wellregulated commercial trade of CITES-listed species


19

such as the exploratory work on value chainenhancement, traceability and responsible privateengagement, can open new business opportunitiesand sourcing models that would contribute to Aichitargets 12, 14 and 19.

• úe creation and strengthening of links betweenREDD+ and BioTrade by introducing BioTradeprinciples and criteria in the design of REDD+projects while exploring sustainable non-timberforest activities can generate positive impacts overAichi targets 14 and 15. A more effective use offorest and landscape management tools and betterunderstanding of land planning regulations canprovide a platform for deeper convergence.

• Policies and actions to achieve the Aichi Targetsmust be sustained, supported and articulatedvia a multi-stakeholder platform, especiallywith those whose livelihoods depends onBioTrade activities.

• úere is a need to make use of the Aichi Targetsframework for planning, implementing andmeasuring the impact for BioTrade activities andprojects, as it is being done through the BioTradeImpact Assessment System (BTIAS).

Pêðõðåòçæëõ:LðòçïäJäòäîëííð.


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V. BENEFIT SHARING IN BIODIVERSITYAND ECOSYSTEMS SERVICES

Background

úis session focused on one of the core principles ofBioTrade namely the fair and equitable sharing ofbeneýts derived from the use of biodiversity. BioTradeprovisions on equitable beneýt sharing advance fairtrade practices, recognition of rights over biodiversityand associated traditional knowledge, and respectfor the social, cultural and economic concerns of

local actors. úis session looked at experiences andperspectives in implementing equitable benefitsharing arrangements in various contexts. It alsoconsidered the possible implications of the upcomingentry into force and implementation of the NagoyaProtocol on access and beneýt sharing.

Moderator

Speakers

Mù.Mîøíî Jûôòî OôòüîSenior Adviser on Accessand Beneýt Sharing, UEBT

Mø. Lîýøñõïñ RòmmñøResearch Coordinator & Tech-nical Specialist, Forests Alive

Mù. Kîúòñ BñïkñúúResearch and Innovation ManagerPhytoTrade Africa

Mù. Mîøòî HñôñõîCñõðîôñùBiologistGeneral Secretariat of theAndean Community

Mø. Jûîõ Fñøõîõð÷B÷úñø÷President and CEOEcoþora Cares

Mù. Bñîúøòz Gómñz‑Cîùúø÷Programme OfýcerCBD Secretariat

Mø.DîüòðVòüîù‑EûgûòLegal Ofýcer, UNCTAD


Fðõðíëä:æëçéðåçò÷ð.

Summary of the session

The session began with a brief introduction byMaría Julia Oliva on the concept and importanceof equitable sharing of benefits in the context ofBioTrade, drawing on the experience of UEBT – anon-proýt organization promoting ethical sourcingof biodiversity.

The Nagoya Protocol on ABS, adopted in 2010,is expected to enter into force in late 2014. DavidVivas-Eugui, UNCTAD discussed the main andinnovative provisions in the Nagoya Protocol,including scope, obligations, genetic resources,traditional knowledge and compliance. úese pointswere further elaborated by Beatriz Gómez-Castrofrom the CBD Secretariat. UNCTAD then exploredthe implications of the Protocol for BioTradeactivities, emphasizing the value of further legal

clarity. úe need for additional guidance for speciýcsituations, for example, change in use and accessthrough ex-situ collections, including through alegal restoration mechanism and model clauses, wasnoted.

The experience of Ecoflora Cares, an innovativeColombian company working with naturalingredients, was presented by Juan FernandoBotero. Ecoþora has built solid relationships withsupplier communities through approaches aimed atsustainably improving their income and livelihoods.The ongoing ABS process for a new naturalcolourant derived from the Genipa americana,which is following the requirements of national andinternational law, as well as the Ethical BioTradeStandard, was explained.


21

Three case studies of fair and equitable benefitsharing in activities applicable to biological resourcesundertaken by the Programme of Biodiversityfor the Amazon Region of the Andean Countries(BioCAN) (2010–2013) were presented by MariaHelena Cendales, General Secretariat of the AndeanCommunity. The studies covered the interactionbetween associations of hunters of Caiman yacareand tanneries (the Plurinational State of Bolivia); thework of wild collectors and NGOs on Oenocarpusbataua (Ecuador); and the partnership between wildcollectors ofMyrciaria dubia, a research institute anda trader (Colombia).

Benefit sharing in the work of PhytoTradeAfrica, which supports benefit sharing in allbiodiversity-based activities not only in the utilizationof genetic resources, was explored by Katie Beckett

using the examples of marula (Namibia) and baobab(southern Africa). Best practices on beneýt sharing,including on ABS, are developed from the grassrootsand have become one of the value propositionsfor members.

The “avoided harvest” projects (in Australia) ofForests Alive were presented by Lawrence Rimmer.Work on these projects, validated under the VeriýedCarbon Standard (VCS), began in 2010. Objectivesinclude confronting climate change, helpinglocal communities and conserving biodiversity.Although there are no inhabitants in the projectarea, over 40 000 people living at close distanceare benefiting from it. Benefits contemplated inthe project include the management of indigenousheritage, employment, education and institutionalcollaboration.


Fðõðíëä:Bçïôêðõ.

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Key conclusions

Discussions highlighted the wealth of experiencesand opportunities in fair and equitable beneýt sharingin the BioTrade context. Participants highlighted theimportance of continuing work on these topics, inorder to address remaining uncertainties, supportcapacity building and involve all stakeholders.

To advance fair and equitable sharing of beneýtsin cases of access to genetic resources for theirutilization, participants stressed the following:

• Importance of clear and practical rules on ABS,particularly for SMEs;

• Need to clearly define scope of ABS require-ments;

• Key to understand the diûerent costs and beneýtsof various ABS regulatory and implementationapproaches;

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• ABS is a learning process, so ABS laws andregulations should include processes for regularizingactivities;

• All stakeholders must be involved in ABS policydiscussions; and

• ABS rules are applicable to some BioTrade activities,if they involve research and development.

To advance fair and equitable sharing of benefitsmore generally, key issues highlighted included:

• Importance of capacity building, particularly at thelocal level;

• Creating platforms for dialogue is fundamental –coming together to deýne what is a beneýt, what isfair and how sharing should take place;

• Critical role for community-based organizationsand support associations; and

• Beneýt sharing requires proýtable and sustainablebusinesses.


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VI. ACCESSING AND DEVELOPINGMARKETS FOR BIODIVERSITYPRODUCTS AND SERVICES

Background

úis session focused on key elements and lessonslearned in accessing niche markets for sustainablyproduced products derived from biodiversity.úrough real life experiences in the personal careand food industries, and service providers in forestcarbon markets, industry leaders and stakeholdersshared their strategy in positioning their productsfocusing on “sustainability”, “biodiversity”

and “social, inclusive and fair trade” concepts.These views were complemented by those froma mega-diverse country that exemplifies howsustainability practices, such as BioTrade, are beingused to enhance and develop international markets.úe main opportunities and challenges faced werehighlighted, as well as the need to capture growingmarket trends.

Speakers

Moderator


Mø. LîýøñõïñRòmmñøResearch Coordinator& Technical SpecialistForests Alive

Mù. NþîøîòKûøñbgîùñkîManaging DirectorSpeciality Foods of Africa

Mù. R÷ùòñ AkñùúñøCommunity Fair Trade SeniorBuyer, The Body Shop

Mø. Hîõù PñúñøEgôñøHead of the Division forTrade PromotionSECO

Summary of the session

Success in achieving market access dependsto a great extent in knowing who your buyeris. Information on the regulations, consumerpreferences and distribution channels is alsoessential. While in the past, certification logosoffered a clear advantage, today there is great dealof consumer confusion. Today, several businessesdo not allow space for these certification logosin their packaging but rather link them to theiroverall corporate image. Businesses today are moreinterested in the type of ingredients, sustainable

sourcing practices, benefits to communities andthe story behind them.

Small BioTrade producers are ýnding success in localand regional markets. Experience in these marketsis good training for later venturing into globalmarkets. BioTrade products offer opportunitiesfor indigenous natural ingredients (e.g. marula orbaobab). Exporting to foreign markets is complexand expensive. It needs a great deal of preparedness,access to credit, technical support and knowledge



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Fðõðíëä:DîëõòëùDäïëíçïìð.

about regulations (e.g. novel foods). It is importantto understand all regulations and standards thatgovern a speciýc product, and to be proactive inensuring quality and adding value.

Marketing of BioTrade is an important factornecessary to upscale sales. Export promotionactivities by Promperu, with the assistance of theSwiss Import Promotion Programme (SIPPO)under the umbrella of the PeruBiodiverso Project,have provided Peru a platform for the entering intoniche markets and in obtaining certiýcations whichsupport product diûerentiation. Today, export ofbiodiversity products by Peru has reached US$255 million (2012). But this is not enough. úerestill is a need to keep strengthening value chainsthrough collaborative models and to start investingin innovation.

Getting into the carbon market through REDD+is a process that takes time and benefits mightbe lower than expected. The potential rules andbenefits also vary depending on whether carbon

credits are going to be sold in compliant orvoluntary markets. For example, the investmentcapital needed by a landowner to attain carboncredits through a REDD+ project in a country suchas Australia could be approximately US$ 150 000.In developing countries where technologicalcapacity, resources and know how are lower, thecost could be much higher and could approach US$1million. Preparing projects for selling credits needspatience, ýnancial support, legal and administrativework and a multi-stakeholder approach.

Biodiversity and community benefits can bedemonstrated through combining REDD+ projectswith the Climate, Community and BiodiversityAlliance standards. The Qantas purchasing ofcarbon credits from Tasmanian forests (Australia)shows that some companies might be interestedin purchasing complete projects to offset theiremissions and improve their image while preservingforests.

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Key conclusions

Accessing and developing markets for biodiversityproducts and services is a complex and complicatedissue that is at the heart of developing profitable,long-term commercial businesses using theseproducts sustainably and ensuring increasedeconomic well-being of the sourcing communities.úe following recommendations were emphasized:

• A successful supplier/buyer relationship should bedeveloped based onmutual respect and transparency,with each partner giving and receiving from theother.

• New products, whether a new carbon credit projector a new product from biodiversity, can take time tobring to market. úere is need to explore diûerentoptions for accelerating this such as partnership(e.g. in research and development, and addressingmarket access barriers). One can also seek supplier/buyer partnerships for product innovations and valueaddition, so that the knowledge and experience ofboth actors is used.

• New products can be costly to launch. SMEsshould research options for funding and advice


Fðõðíëä:úêöæëèçïé.

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from government, the private sector and NGOs onthe ground to help them bring products to marketreadiness.

• BioTrade entrepreneurs need to know their productand ensure that it fulýls buyers’ requirements.

• Product promotion, especially for new products,needs to be developed at the ýnal customer level.A good story behind the product – whether it is for anew face cream or the “community and biodiversity”element of a new carbon credit – can have a positiveeûect on commercial success.

• Government rules and regulations, especiallyfor biodiversity-based products, are changingon a regular basis. Whether this is due to ABS orhealth security issues for example, domestic andinternational regulations should be monitoredregularly to avoid costly mistakes.

• Benefit sharing agreements with supplierassociations cement commercial relationships.Investment in the local communities by the buyercan ensure long-term stable commercial relationshipsand increased security in supply chains.

Pêðõðåòçæëõ:IMEæëõðòçô.

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Background

úe session focused on sharing the lessons learnedand best practices in developing BioTrade andbiodiversity-based value chains in Africa, Asia andLatin America working with þora species, as well asin the interphase between þora and climate change.

Finally, the session also highlighted the importanceof credit lines and funding to support initiatives inenhancing their value chains.

VII. VALUE CHAIN ENHANCEMENT

Speakers

Moderator

Mù. Kîúòñ BñïkñúúResearch and InnovationManager, PhytoTrade Africa

Mù. R÷ùòñ AkñùúñøCommunity Fair Trade SeniorBuyer, The Body Shop

Mø. Tî Mòõh S÷õBioTrade Programme in VietNam (HELVETAS Viet Nam)

Mù. Aîbîõ BûúúConsultantInternational Trade Centre (ITC)

Mø. Chøòùú÷ph IõîûñõHead of Cocoa Purchasingand Sustainability, Memberof the Executive BoardChocolats Halba

Mø. Fòôòpp÷ Nòùhòõ÷Supply Chain & OperationsProject Manager, Gucci

Mø. Rñõé Gómñz‑Gîøïíî Pîôî÷Head of the EnvironmentalBusiness Unit , DevelopmentBank of Latin America (CAF) Pê

ðõðåòçæëõ:UNCTAD.



29


The panel comprised of a mix of industryrepresentatives, funding initiatives and developmentorganizations. The Body Shop is a pioneeringnature-inspired cosmetic brand which establisheda community fair trade programme to supportcommunities in supplying speciýc ingredients suchas marula oil and cocoa butter.úe focus ofúe BodyShop presentation was on personal care ingredientsfromAfrica, the transparency the company promotesin the value chains it works with, and the importanceof organized producer groups.

Chocolats Halba presented cocoa value chains andthe importance of certification to their brand viaFairtrade and carbon neutral labelling. úe approachof Chocolats Halba is ýrmly focused on long-termsupply, valourization of ecosystem services andensuring sustainable practices are an integralcomponent of company practices. HELVETASSwiss Intercooperation presented five differentphytomedicine product value chains in Viet Namwhere key constraints were identiýed and the needfor BioTrade awareness raising was highlightedamong local producers.

Gucci focused on python skins from Asia and thevalue chain into the fashion industry. Gucci has threekey pillars: fashion, craÿsmanship and responsibility.úey integrate deeply with the value chain with theaim of promoting sustainable growth. One of the keyissues faced in python skin supply chains is ensuringtraceability, which Gucci’s which Gucci addresses inits sustainable sourcing practices.

úe International Trade Centre (ITC) presented acase study from its carbon footprints programme andspoke of the complexities when assessing particularvalue chains. ITC has also been involved with projectswith industry partners including Gucci and pythonskins, highlighting the inclusive nature of value chaindevelopment projects. Climate change reportingand carbon emission footprints are requested byconsumers in some product sectors such as tea.úis adds a non-tariû barrier for farmers and placesadditional requirements on actors in the associatedvalue chain. In this regard, the support work ofITC was presented such as adaptation training andeducation programmes.

The Development Bank of Latin America (CAF)explained how it has integrated sustainabledevelopment in its core principles. BioTrade is animportant focus area where CAF strives to include allstakeholders and relies on the commitment of localagencies to execute successful projects.úe combinedfocus on biodiversity and stakeholder developmentis successfully married through BioTrade projects,and is regarded as a bridge to a green economy. CAFsupports every actor along the supply chain and givesparticular attention to the weakest part of the chain.



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Key conclusions

Several key conclusions and recommendationsemerged:

• In order to access customers, producer groupsmust be organized. A certain level of organization instructure and processes enables access to a larger andmore diverse customer base. Organizational capacityalso applies to the certiýcation process which is outof reach for those producers who have not met theminimum level of organization required. When

implementing REDD+ projects within existing valuechains, there is a need to ensure that capacity buildingand funding are available.

• úere is a need to move producer groups up thevalue chain so there are higher and more securereturns. However, it became clear during the courseof discussions that in some cases this is not anobjective of the producing groups. Based on thisobservation it was concluded that all stakeholders

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work closely together in deýning the targeted pointin the value chain that actors collectively agree to.As such, the approach should be grassroots up, anddemand driven.

• Industry partners and suppliers alike agreed thatrelationships within a value chain should be based onlong-termcommercial agreements, strong linkages andtransparency. Gucci gave a speciýc recommendationbased on their model, where the industry partner isintegrated throughout the value chain, and not justtowards the end of the product lifecycle.

• At the consumer andmarket end of the value chain,it was recommended that further work be done toincrease the understanding of certiýcation and theimpact that it has. It is clear that diûerent strategiesare adopted by diûerent companies. For example,úeBody Shop does not use any labels on their productseven if certiýed, whereas Chocolats Halba uses labelsas a major marketing tool. By what degree is themarket driven by certiýcation, and what is the impactof consumer demand?

Pêðõðåòçæëõ:FöïæäåëóïCêäïìöäñ`“RçåöòôðôPäòäEíFöõöòð”.

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VIII. SOUTHþSOUTHANDCROSSþINDUSTRYCOOPERATION ÿ SHARINGOF EXPERIENCES AND BEST PRACTICES

Background

The session presented concrete case studies thatpromote the sharing of experiences and knowledgein view of a multi-disciplinary and sector-widecollaboration on a variety of sectors and geographical

distribution. It also highlighted the importance ofcapacity-building programmes in order to furtherdisseminate and expand the knowledge on BioTradeand biodiversity-based businesses.

Speakers

Moderator


Mø. Iúîò ChòbîþîResponsible for coordinatingresearch and reportingPhytoTrade Africa

Mø. Pñðø÷ S÷îøñùResearcherInstitute for Conservationand Sustainable Develop-ment of Amazonas (IDESAM)

Mø. Aõúh÷õþ PîøîkCurator and Conservatorof Collections, J K McCarthyMuseum, Papua New Guinea.

Mø. CôîûðñFø÷mîgñ÷úDirector of SustainableDevelopment, Yves RocherGroupDirector, Yves RocherFoundation

Dîüòð Vòüîù‑EûgûòLegal Ofýcer, UNCTAD


Pêðõðåòçæëõ:LðòçïäJäòäîëííð.


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The emergence of South-South cooperationand cross-industry mechanisms are starting tocomplement the traditional North-South model fora better understanding of most suitable solutionsand they have a significant impact in sustainabledevelopment.

PhytoTrade Africa presented its strategic approachfocusing on strengthening the supply chain by:

• Local and regional networks of producers anddistribution channels;• Diversifying products and improving quality;• Promoting competitiveness; and• Enabling industry consumer awareness.

Partnerships with UNCTAD and UEBT have beenessential to bolster impacts and ensure sustainability.It is now seeking to go further by creating a solidýnancial environment and promoting value addition,sustainable investment and new product formulation.

úe Surui Forest Carbon Project (Brazilian Amazon)provides an example of an emissions reduction andforest conservation project that directly involvesand benefits indigenous communities. Free, priorand informed consent and voluntary participation ofthe Surui indigenous community were the basis of theproject’s success. Strong outreach skills, transparency,and the integration community’s traditional resource

management and decision-making frameworksinto the project design were key ingredients forsuccess. Since late 2013, Natura is supporting thisREDD+ project.

When the ýrst REDD+ projects in PapuaNewGuineawere implemented, regulations and institutions wereweak – unfavourable land deals were signed oû andlogging practices were not adequatelymanagedwhichled to tensions and uncertain carbon deals. úis haschanged with the creation of a new oüce to deal withadaptation, mitigation and REDD+, as well as thedevelopment of strategic plans and introduction ofwell-managed pilot projects.

Yves Rocher, through its corporate principle, “úreepillars of sustainability: culture, development andenvironment”, managed to commit everyone inits value chain to move to sustainability and ABSpractice.úrough the creation of a circular economicframework model, Yves Rocher has been:

• Increasingly using wind energy in their factories;• Ensuring recyclable materials are used; and• Practising natural capital restoration through the• planting of 50 million trees.

úis session allowed participants to acknowledge theimportance of capacity building tools, which makeprovision for the uniqueness and similarity of each

Pêðõðåòçæëõ:PòðùçåõðPçòöBëðæë÷çòôðûSECO/GIZü.

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country/industry experience. These instrumentsshould be f lexible, demand-driven, easilytransferable, multi-stakeholder and be available atlow cost through the utilization of technologicaladvances (e.g. UNCTAD’s BioTrade e-learning

courses). This approach has been evidenced bygovernmental and academic action in Ecuador andPeru to train public servants on the importanceof BioTrade, and to create a master’s degree onBioTrade in Peru.

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Key conclusions

From the experiences and discussions, the followingconclusions arose:

• Sustainability approaches such as BioTrade, arebeing implemented in different industries andcountries, as well as schemes from individualcompanies and regional associations.

• Strengthening value chains is critical for achievingBioTrade principles in a sustainable developmentframework, and the commitment of every involvedparty should be the driver of successful arrangements.

• REDD+project implementation needs transparencyand integration of the community’s traditionalresource management, social hierarchy anddecision-making frameworks, as well as governmentsupport. Regarding these issues, REDD+ pilotprojects are a feasible way to best conserve Amazonforests.

• Instruments for capacity bui lding andempowerment of stakeholders of BioTrade initiativesshould be flexible, demand-driven, and easilytransferable, as well as be available low cost.


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IX. IMPORTANCE OF TRACEABILITYSYSTEMS ÿ SHARINGOF EXPERIENCESAND KNOWLEDGE

Background

úis session discussed the importance of traceabilitysystems to the sustainable sourcing of þora and faunaspecies, which is legal, sustainable and provideslivelihoods to rural communities. Traceability playsa major role in implementing CITES’ mandate to

regulate the international trade in listed þora andfauna species in order not to threaten their existence.Traceability is also essential for the private sector, asconsumers become increasingly concerned about theorigins of the products they buy.

Speakers

Moderator

Mø. Mîúhòîù LöøúùïhñøCITES Management Authorityof Switzerland & Head ofSection for the Protection ofSpecies, Federal Food Safetyand Veterinary Ofýce FSVO

Mø. T÷m ðñ MñûôñõîñøScientiýc Support OfýcerCITES Secretariat

Mù. R÷ùùñôôî RîüîgôòCorporate Social andEnvironmental ResponsibilityManager, Gucci

Mø. Fòôòpp÷ Nòùhòõ÷Supply Chain & OperationsProject Manager, Gucci

Mø. Lûïî B÷ôúøòHead, Economic DepartmentItalian Tanners’ Association(UNIC)

Mø. B÷õîpîù Oõgûgô÷OIC, Trade, Environment,Climate Change and SustainableDevelopment Branch, UNCTAD



CITES – the international convention which, for thelast 40 years, has provided a framework to guaranteethat international trade in endangered species of wildfauna and þora is legal, sustainable and traceable –was introduced byTomdeMeulenaer.úis is achievedby a system of permits and certiýcates which mustaccompany each shipment that crosses internationalborders. The Convention has been signed by178 States, guaranteeing virtually worldwidecoverage. It was noted that there are special cases inwhich the permit system is not suücient to assertthe legality and sustainability of the trade and whereadditional systems of traceability have had to beenforced, for instance, trade in caviar, crocodilianskins and the queen conch.

Rossella Ravagli and Filippo Nishino from Guccipresented the views from the private sector. For luxurybrands like Gucci, the sustainability and legality as wellthe social compatibility of their products is of primeimportance. In recent years much eûort has been putinto assuring that these factors are assured throughoutthewhole chainof production.Anexampleof aproductlinewhich incorporates all these aspects was presented.Tanneries play a crucial role in the chain of custodyof the production of reptile leather for the fashion

industry. As a result of the low number of tanneries forreptile leathers worldwide they form a bottleneck inthe trade þow. Controls at this level and traceability upto that level are therefore crucial elements in this trade.úe challenges this situation presents were discussedby the Italian Tanners’ Association (UNIC), lookingat how tanneries can contribute to sustainabilityand traceability.

Bonapas Onguglo, UNCTAD, introduced thefindings of a joint UNCTAD/CITES study ontraceability in Asian python skins.úe study showedthe need for the introduction of an enhancedtraceability system as well as various challengesahead. It proposed diûerent mechanisms formarkingand stages of the introduction of such a system.Finally, a practical case of the implementation andpositive consequences of a traceability system inthe trade of a tropical timber species, the cocoba(Swietenia macrophylla), was detailed by VanessaIngar from the Ministry of Environment of Peru. Inparticular, the usefulness of a traceability system forimplementing sustainability in the trade, the needfor adaptable practical systems to make it work andexchange of information to adapt the system wasemphasized.


Pêðõðåòçæëõ:©Fðõðíëä:CêëååðDðæëFC.


Fðõðíëä:ùçííðøj.

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Key conclusions

úe following conclusions emerged:

• Private sector and consumers want to be informedabout the origins of the products they sell or buy.Industries and brands are moving towards moresocially and environmentally compatible practices inorder to fulýl their consumers’ wishes.

• Consequently, traceability is becoming a majorissue especially when it relates to trade of particularlyendangered wildlife products. It allows for theassertion that trade in a given commodity, forinstance wildlife products, can be:- sustainable;- legal; and- socially compatible (e.g. makes a contribution tolivelihood and animal welfare).

• In developing a suitable traceability system, itis important to involve all the stakeholders in thevalue chain.

• Making this system work also requires dedicatedfunding from the whole trade chain. It is importantto agree and deýne issues such as who pays and howmuch, as well as how the funding is distributed.

úe various examples discussed during the Congresshave shown that enhanced traceability can lead to amore sustainable trade and beneýts for the livelihoodof local people. Certain commodities need morethan “paper traceability” and the work developedfor CITES-listed species demonstrated the proactiveapproach being undertaken.

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A C R O N Y M S

ABS access and beneýt sharing

BioCAN Programme of Biodiversity for the Amazon Region of the Andean Countries

BTIAS BioTrade Impact Assessment System

CAF Development Bank of Latin America

CBD Convention on Biological Diversity

CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora

DESA Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UN)

ECA Economic Commission for Africa

ECE Economic Commission for Europe

ECLAC Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean

ESCAP Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Paciýc

ESCWA Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia

GHG greenhouse gas

IADG internationally agreed development goal

IDESAM Institute for Conservation and Sustainable Development of Amazonas

ITC International Trade Centre

NTFP non-timber forest product

MEA multilateral environmental agreement

REDD Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation

REDD+ REDD with sustainable management of forests, conservation of forest carbon stocks

and enhancement of forest carbon stocks

SDG Sustainable Development Goal

SECO Swiss State Secretariat for Economic Affairs

SGCAN General Secretariat of the Andean Community

SIPPO Swiss Import Promotion Programme

SME small and medium-sized enterprise

UEBT Union for Ethical BioTrade

UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development

UNDOC UN Ofýce on Drugs and Crime

UNEP United Nations Environment Programme

UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

UNIC Italian Tanners’ Association

VCS Veriýed Carbon Standard

Workingtogether for

a betterworld.

BioTrade Initiative, UNCTAD


Fðõðíëä:æçìúçòßßã.

Printed in France – GE-15-09358 (E) – May 2015 – 500 – UNCTAD/DITC/TED/2014/6

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