Biodiesel, the new age fuel
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Transcript of Biodiesel, the new age fuel
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Biodiesel - the new-age fuel
St. Stephen’s College, DelhiQuest 2007
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Alternative fuels
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•Soya bean•Sunflower•Linseed
•Jatropha •Pongamia
Natural Oils
Biodiesel
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Jatropha curcas
• Found in Tanzania, Venezuela and India.• Grown on marginal lands.
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Jatropha Oil extraction
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Jatropha Oil - Composition
Fatty acid weight %
Oleic acid 44.7
Linoleic acid 31.4
Palmitic acid 15.1
Stearic acid 7.1
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COOMe
COOMeStearic acid methyl ester
Palmitic acid methyl ester
Linoleic acid methyl ester
Oleic acid methyl ester
COOMe
COOMe
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Transesterification of oils
• Chemical methods – Acid or Base catalysed
• Biochemical methods – Enzyme catalysed
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Acid Catalyzed TransesterificationCommonly used acids: H2SO4/ HCl
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Base catalyzed transesterification
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Comparisons
Base catalysis is preferred:1) 4000 times as fast.2) Use of KOH gives useful side
product.3) Acids are corrosive.
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Limitations of chemical methods
• Require more energy.• Formation of soap inhibits
transesterification.• Disposal of waste water.
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Enzyme catalysed methods
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Lipases
• Biocatalysts are biodegradable.
• Consume less energy.
• No soap formation.• Further purification of
biodiesel not required.• Can be used for oils
with high free fatty acid content.
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Parameters investigated• Oil : Methanol ratio• Reaction temperature• Reaction time
Interesting results!!
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Optimum Molar Ratio (Oil: Methanol)
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Optimum temperature
Maximum % yield at 50°C
Time taken : 92 hrs.
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Summary of results
Optimum molar ratio 1:3
Optimum temperature
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Enzyme wt. 5% w.r.t wt of oil
Time 92h
Conversion 80%
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• Biodegradable• Low emission profile• Low toxicity• Better fuel
efficiency • High lubricity
Advantages of using Biodiesel
20Kuvempu University, Shimoga, Karnataka
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Bio-bus
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Algae-biodiesel
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References
• www.treehugger.com• ‘Biocatalytic preparation of Biodiesel
from Jatropha oil’ – Summer research project undertaken by Ms. Sonia Muliyil in the Kinetics Laboratory, IIT Chennai.
• The Hindu (online edition), Sunday, July 10 2005
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Acknowledgements
•Prof. Anju Chadha and all members, Kinetics laboratory, IIT Chennai.
•Dr. Bikram Phookun, Department of Physics, St. Stephen’s College, Delhi.