BIODESIGNTaste // Sight // Hearing // Smell // Touch

Marijose Pacheco 1134289

Astrid Tellez

Laura Velazquez1134461

TOUCHName: Mimosa pudica

Function:

Perceive, protect, modify.

Description:

Leaves of the sensitive plant protect themselves from predators and environmental conditions by folding in response to touch.

Arabidopsis thalianaName: Arabidopsis thaliana

Function:

Process info, sensitivity , mechanical forces.

Description:

Stems of wall cress are less elongated in windy conditions due to

a touch-response system called thigmomorpho-genesis, that turns on specific genes in response to touch

that regulate growth.

Prionotus- Prionotus

Name: Prionotus- Prionotus

Function:,

Taste potential food using taste buds located on their lips.

Description:

The long, slender fins of some species of fish, bear taste buds at their tips, enabling them to taste a potential food just by touching it.

Venus flytrap

Name: Venus flytrap

Function: Chemicals, sensitivity, process info

Description: The rapid closure of the Venus flytrap (Dionaea muscipula) leaf in about 100 ms is one of the fastest movements in the plant kingdom. The trap closure is initiated by the mechanical stimulation of trigger hairs.

Calliphora vicina

Name: Calliphora vicina

Function: Touch and mechanical forces, sensitivity, process info

Description: Exoskeleton of insects detects strain and load change via campaniform sensilla.

Passiflora

Name: Passiflora

Function: Move, attachment, touch

Description: Vetches and passion flowers have modified some of their leaves even more extremely and converted them into tendrils. These grope around in space until they touch the stem of another and swiftly coil around it.

SMELL

Name: gray wolf

Function: Process info, sensitivity, disease

Description: The noses of some domestic dogs can detect some forms of cancer in humans via an acute sense of smell.

Maneater shark

Name: Maneater shark

Function: Process info, sensitivity, chemicals

Description: The nostrils of great white sharks can detect minute quantities of blood due to highly sensitive nasal sacs.

Plantae

Name: plantae

Function: Maintain physical integrity, protection

Description: The leaves of some plants protect from webworm caterpillars and other pests because as they are chewed, they release a chemical combination of acids and alcohols that attracts pest-eating yellow jackets.

Orchidaceae

Name: Orchidaceae

Function: Process info, sensitivity, chemicals

Description: The flowers of individual plants of a given orchid species improve the odds for successful pollination by producing a scent unique to that plant.

Reptilia

Name: Reptilia

Function:

Process info, sensitivity, chemicals

Description:

The tongues of many reptiles help detect odors by gathering scent particles and transferring them to a chemoreceptor organ.

Saturniidae  

Name: Saturniidae

Function: Process info, sensitivity, chemicals

Description: The antennae of silkworm moths increase sensitivity to odors because the shape and structure of sensillae direct air flow through them.

SIGHTName: kingfishers

Function :Red droplets in the cone cells of kingfisher eyes may allow sight through water or glare by acting as chromatic filters.

Description:Kingfishers have specialized eyes and excellent eyesight. The retina of each eye has two fovea. The cone cells have a high proportion of red droplets, which may act as chromatic filters, allowing sight through the surface of the water.

Sea urchinaName: Sea urchin

Function: The body of purple sea urchins may allow spatial vision due to diffuse photoreceptors on the body surface and spines that shield wide-angle light.

Description: Sea urchins don't seem to have any problems avoiding predators or finding comfortable dark corners to hide in, but they appear to do all this without eyes.

They use the whole surface of their bodies as a compound eye, and the animals' spines may shield their bodies from light coming from wide angles to enable them to pick out relatively fine visual detail.

Green pitcher-plantName: Green pitcher-plant

Function: Liquid found in trumpet pitcherplants digests insects enzymatically

Description:

The hood at the top is much bigger and so vividly coloured that it might be mistaken at first sight for a flower.

Nectar glands cover these hoods so densely that they glisten. Additional glands are scattered rather more thinly all over the outer surface of the trumpet itself and the liquid within is more potent than the Venezuelan marsh pitchers, for it is quite capable by itself of digesting insects without any help from bacteria.

Alabama cavefishName: Alabama cavefish

Function: The bodies of Alabama cavefish allow them to survive without vision via elaborate appendages and beefed-up nerve centers.

Description:Instead of vision, many [troglobites] have elaborate appendages and beefed-up nerve centers to interpret slight air-pressure or temperature changes, sounds, and smells.

Whirligig beetle

Name: Whirligig beetle

Function:

The compound eyes of a whirligig beetle allow clear vision in both water and air because they are adapted to work much like bifocal

Description:

Has compound eyes which are adapted like bifocal glasses to see both upwards into the air and downwards below the water surface.

Tapetum lucidumName: Tapetum lucidum

Function: The tapetum lucidum of many vertebrates enhances night vision by reflecting light back to photoreceptors in the eye.

Description: Biologic reflector system that is a common feature in the eyes of vertebrates. It normally functions to provide the light-sensitive retinal cells with a second opportunity for photon-photoreceptor stimulation, thereby enhancing visual sensitivity at low light levels

TASTEName: Ictalurus punctatus

Function: Taste buds (aprox. 250,000)

Description: sensory organs comprised of cells that detect the molecules that constitute flavor, are located all over the catfish's body.

Application: Smoke and fire detection

LepidopteraName: Cyprinidae

Function: Chemoreceptors on its feet

Description: A butterfly's taste sensors are located on the bottom of its feet.

Application:Food industry, biosensors, agriculture, medical

Oligochaeta

Name: Oligochaeta

Function: Chemoreceptors

Description: Chemoreceptors are tiny sense organs which detect chemicals in the soil.

Application: biosensors, agriculture.

Oryctolagus cuniculus

Name: Oryctolagus cuniculus

Function: 17,000 taste buds

Description: There are two structures on the tongue that carry taste buds: mushroom-shaped lobes ("fungiform papillae") and leaf-shaped lobes ("foliate papillae").

Application:detect and avoid potentially toxic plants.

Sus scrofa domesticusName: Sus

Function: 15,000 taste buds

Description: They use smell to communicate with each other and can taste whether things are good or bad for them to eat.

Application:detect and avoid bad tasting food.

HEARINGName: Python regius

Function: Bone conductive hearing

Description: Sound vibrations are picked up through the snakes jawbone, they travel to a cochlear mechanism within the snakes auditory system and there transmitted to the brain.

Application:Cochlear Americas, Baha System

Cyprinus carpio

Name: Cyprinidae

Function: The Weberian organ, three specialized vertebral processes that transfer vibrations in the swim bladder to the inner ear.

Description: The Weberian apparatus is an anatomical structure that connects the swim bladder to the auditory system in fishes belonging to the Superorder Ostariophysi.

CricketName: Gryllus bimaculatus

Function: have tympanums on their forelegs

Description: Crickets can locate conspecifics by phonotaxis to the calling (mating) song they produce, and can evade bats by negative phonotaxis from echolocation calls.

Application:Hearing aids, location of sound sources.

Grasshopper

Name: Orthoptera

Function: Have tympanums on their abdomen

Description: The angle at which sound strikes the slits affects the strength in which it reaches the drum, so the grasshopper, by waving its legs in the air, can discover the direction from which a call is coming

Application:Mining, utilities, construction, transportation,

DelphinusName: Delphinus

Function: Dolphins have a well-developed, acute sense of hearing.

Description: The dolphin's auditory nerve is about twice the diameter of the human eighth nerve. They hear tones with a frequency up to 160 kHz. Soft tissue and bone conduct sound to a dolphin's middle and inner ears.

Application: Highly accurate medical ultrasound machines that without the radiation dangers and energy expenditure of MRIs and CTs.

Elephas maximus

Name: Elephas maximus

Function: Have a hearing range between 1 and 20,000 Hz.

Description: Elephants frequently use infrasonic sounds, which are sounds emitted below the human hearing range, in long—distance communication.

h#p://www.asknature.org/

h#p://www.healthyhearing.com/content/ar7cles/Research/Hearing/26145-­‐Do-­‐snakes-­‐have-­‐ears

Reference