Biochemistry & The Science of Food

By: Heidi Hisrich

Set up your notesTake a piece of paper and create a 4 flap shutter fold. Label the flaps:

Polymers

Monomers

Dehydration Synthesis

Hydrolysis

What is in our food?Food is made of macromolecules. Macromolecules are HUGE molecules (polymers), made of much smaller building blocks (monomers). Add notes about what a polymer is and what a monomer is (including a SKETCH) to your foldable

Monomer

• Literally means “one part” (mono=one, mer=part)

• Stick together to make bigger molecules, POLYMERS

Add notes to your foldable. Look back at your macromoelcule notes & find at least 3 monomers (building blocks) to record under your monomer flap.

Polymer

• Literally means “many parts” (poly=many, mer=part)

• Made up of building blocks MONOMERSAdd notes to your foldable.

Look back at your macromoelcule notes & find

3 polymers (macromolecules) to record under your polymer flap. Please note that lipids are NOT technically polymers,

but all other macromolecules are

What are the building blocks of each lipids?Lipids are made up of fatty acid chains, stuck to a “head” of some sort. They are NOT a true polymer because the parts vary quite a bit.

What are the building blocks of proteins?Proteins are true polymers because they are simply a chain of subunits all linked together. In the case of proteins, the monomers are the amino acids. Check that proteins are in your notes under polymers and amino acids under monomers.

What are the building blocks of carbohydrates?Carbs are true polymers because they are simply a chain of subunits all linked together. In the case of carbohydrates, the monomers are the monosaccharides (usually glucose). Check that polysaccharides (starch/fiber/glycogen) are in your notes under polymers and monosaccharides (sugars) under monomers.

What are the building blocks of nucleic acids?Nucleic acids are true polymers because they are simply a chain of subunits all linked together. In the case of nucleic acids, the monomers are the nucleotides.

Check that nucleic acids (DNA & RNA) are in your notes under polymers and nucleotides under monomers.

Build a monomer

• To build a monomer, you must add hydrogens and oxygens to the places it can form bonds– Everybody build a monomer using the carbs or

proteins pieces– Get checked

Build a polymer

• To build a polymer, you must break off the some hydrogens and oxygens.– Everybody build a polymer by putting your

monomers with your teammates’ – Now take the extra Hs and Os. What can you

make??

Putting it together

• When you put monomers together, a WATER molecule forms (for every 2 monomers joined, ONE water molecule forms!)

What IS dehydration synthesis?

De “remove” hydra “water” ation “act of”

syn “together” sis “condition of”

Removing water to put together a

polymer!

Add this to your notes—including a SKETCH!

Where does dehydration synthesis take place?

It takes place in the tissues of GROWING things. GROWING is putting molecules TOGETHER. Add

this to your notes!

How does dehydration synthesis relate to energy?

• Building bonds REQUIRES energy!

How does dehydration synthesis relate to monomers and polymers?

• It BUILDS monomers INTO polymers– Amino acids into • Proteins (muscles, skin, hair, blood cells, hormones)

– Monosaccharides into• Polysaccharides (only in plants—we’re made of protein)

– Glyerol and fatty acids chains into• Lipids (when we lay around and eat and watch tv)

– Nucleotides into• DNA (so we can pass on our genes)

What IS hydrolysis?

Hydro “water” Lys “break”

Sis “condition”

Using water to break bonds in polymers—leaving behind monomers!

Take apart that polymer

• To take apart a polymer, you must use water molecules to break it– Everybody break your polymers using water!– Note that the Os and Hs from the water become

part of the monomers you are left with

Where does hydrolysis take place?

It takes place in our DIGESTIVE SYSTEM. Breaking down molecules is what our digestive

system does! Add this to your notes!

How does hydrolysis relate to energy?

• Breaking bonds RELEASES energy!• ATP breaks into ADP, giving off energy

How does hydrolysis relate to monomers and polymers?

• It breaks polymers INTO monomers– Proteins into • Amino acids

– Carbs into• Monosaccharides

– Lipids into• Glycerol and fatty acid chains

– Nucleic acids into• Nucleotides

Check yourself!

• Do the 2.2.3. Quizlet learn to review: http://quizlet.com/29233269/learn. Make SURE you are logged in first

• THEN, take the 2.2. checkpoint quiz. https://pltw.instructure.com/courses/180655/quizzes/141093