Biochemistry The Chemistry of LIFE. Atoms The smallest unit of matter.
-
date post
18-Dec-2015 -
Category
Documents
-
view
218 -
download
0
Transcript of Biochemistry The Chemistry of LIFE. Atoms The smallest unit of matter.
Atoms• The smallest unit of matter
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressorare needed to see this picture.
• Element: substance made of only one type of atom
• The Periodic Table lists all known elements
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
• The 4 most common elements in living organisms are:Carbon- C Hydrogen- H Oxygen- O Nitrogen- N
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Compound: substance formed by 2 or more elements in definite proportions
• H2O: Water
• H2O2: hydrogen peroxide
• NaCl: salt
• C6H12O6: glucose (sugar)
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressorare needed to see this picture.QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Inorganic Compound• Derived from abiotic sources: in
volcanoes, from rocks ,mineral springs
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Organic Compound
• Derived from biotic sources
• Contains one or more Carbon atoms
• 4 groups:• Carbohydrates• Lipids• Proteins• Nucleic Acids
Carbohydrates
• Compounds of C, H and O in a 1:2:1 ratio• Base unit (monomer) is the monosaccharide
or simple sugar• Chains (polymers) of sugars form
polysaccharides or complex carbohydrates• Function in energy storage and structure
Monosaccharide-
• Glucose, Fructose, Maltose
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressorare needed to see this picture.
Polysaccharides
• Starch- straight chains of sugars• potatoes
• Cellulose- long, woven chains of sugars• Grass, the paper you are writing on
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Lipids
• Fatty compounds of long C-H tails with O
• Don’t dissolve in water
• Includes fats, oils and waxes
• Function in energy storage and insulation, cell membranes
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Proteins• Compounds of C, H, O and N• Base unit is Amino Acid• Long chains of Amino Acids form a protein or polypeptide
• Function in structure, transport, enzymes, signaling
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Nucleic Acids• Complex compounds that store
information
• Base unit is the nucleotide
• Long chains of nucleotides form DNA and RNA
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Enzymes, cont’d.
• Chemical reaction: process that changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals• Your body is doing millions of these to
keep you alive (digesting food, breathing out CO2 as a gas rather than a liquid)
• Enzyme:special proteins that speed up or catalyze chemical reactions in cells
Enzymes in your saliva break down starches into simple sugars
• Place the Saltine on your tongue and allow it to dissolve for the rest of note-taking
• Do not chew it, do not swallow it, just let it begin to break down
• Hypothesis: How do you think it will taste in ~10 minutes?
Enzymes are specific to the reaction they speed up
• Different enzymes work best at different temperatures & pH (acid/base) levels
• Denature: when exposed to extreme environmental conditions (like a very high fever), enzymes lose their shape and don’t work anymore• Caused by major temp change or pH shift
Example of denaturing a protein
• Fried egg• Protein is permanently
changed in shape• You can’t uncook an
egg!
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.