Biochemistry Review Biology is the study of living things. Organic or Biochemistry is the study of...
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Transcript of Biochemistry Review Biology is the study of living things. Organic or Biochemistry is the study of...
Biochemistry Review
Biology is the study of living things. Organic or Biochemistry is the study of the
chemical reactions in living things.
Atoms- What area is positive and what area is negative? The nucleus is positive The electron cloud is negative
Where is the mass? In the nucleus
Atoms
Atomic Number= # of protons Atomic Mass= P+N First Energy Level= can hold .. 2 electrons Second Energy level can hold.. 8 Electrons
How are ions and isotopes same/different? They are both molecules and the number of
protons stays the same, BUT
Ions have different charges (different number of electrons)
Isotopes have different masses (different number of neutrons)
What makes a molecule polar? Uneven sharing of electrons gives the
molecule partially negative areas and partially positive areas
Give an example of a polar molecule.
Water – H20=Oxygen has a negative charge, hydrogen has a positive charge.
What is a compound?
A substance made of two or more different elements.
These elements are held together with ionic bonds.
What is the most common element in living things? Carbon It is present in all four of the
biomolecules Which biomolecule contains
nitrogen? Protein
Let’s talk about bonds!
What are the three types we have covered? Ionic, Covalent, and Hydrogen bonds
Four Categories of Biomolecules Proteins Carbohydrates Lipids Nucleic Acids
These are very large molecules so we call them Macromolecules!
Carbohydrates- What do we know? Ratio of C:H:O is 1:2:1 Monomers are: saccharides-simple sugars Polymers are: polysaccharides- starches
Lipids
Monomers are glycerol and fatty acids Polymers are Trigycerides- a glycerol with
three fatty acid chains Lipids can be fats or oils, They are nonpolar- don’t mix with water Saturated fats are solid (butter, lard) Unsaturated are oils (olive, vegetable)
Proteins
Monomer is an amino acid (20 types), each amino acid has an R group on its central carbon.
Polymers are polypeptides, two or more amino acids bonded together
What is the process that builds polymers from monomers? Dehydration Synthesis (synthesize is to
make) Remember this process gives off a molecule
of …… H20
Breaking down polymers into monomers is called Hydrolysis- “Lysis” is to break
What molecule is needed for this to happen? H20 must be present and breaks into its parts
to replace the H’s and O
pH scale 1-14
What does it measure? The acidity or basicity of a solution 7 is neutral Acids are … Below 7 Bases are … Above 7