B.sc. biochemistry sem 1 introduction to biochemistry unit 3.2 nutritional biochem
Biochemistry introduction
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Transcript of Biochemistry introduction
INTRODUCTORY INTRODUCTORY BIOCHEMISTRYBIOCHEMISTRY
BY- DR.ARMAAN SINGH
BEFORE BCH 400
After BCH 400
BCH 400 is heavy on content!!!
COME TO CLASS!!!!!!
TRY NOT TO FALL BEHIND!!
USE TOOLS TO MEMORIZE
Histidine?
Study in groups
PARTICIPATE IN THE CLICKER SYSTEM!!!
20 extra credit points!!
Feel Free to see me!My office hours are Tuedays from 2:00 to 3:00 PM
Or e-mail me for a private audience
WHAT IS BIOCHEMISTRY?
Biochemistry = chemistry of life.
Biochemists use physical and chemical principles to explain biology at the molecular level.
Basic principles of biochemistry are common to all living organism
HOW DOES BIOCHEMISTRY IMPACT YOU?Medicine
Agriculture
Industrial applications
Environmental applications
PRINCIPLE AREAS OF BIOCHEMISTRY
Structure and function of biological macromolecules
Metabolism – anabolic and catabolic processes.
Molecular Genetics – How life is replicated. Regulation of protein synthesis
LIFE BEFORE BIOCHEMISTRY
ONCE UPON A TIME, A LONG LONG TIME AGO…..Vitalism: idea that substances and processes
associated with living organisms did not behave according to the known laws of physics and chemistry
Evidence: 1) Only living things have a high degree of
complexity2) Only living things extract, transform and
utilize energy from their environment3) Only living things are capable of self
assembly and self replication
ORIGINS OF BIOCHEMISTRY: A CHALLENGE TO “VITALISM.”
Famous Dead Biochemist!
Fallacy #1: Biochemicals can only be produced by living organisms
•1828 Friedrich Wohler
•Dead Biochemist #1
FALLACY #2: COMPLEX BIOCONVERSION OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES REQUIRE LIVING MATTER
•1897 Eduard Buchner
Dead Biochemists #2
Glucose + Dead Yeast = Alcohol
FALLACY #2: COMPLEX BIOCONVERSION OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES REQUIRE LIVING MATTER
Emil Fischer
Dead Biochemists #3
Fallacy #2: Complex bioconversion of chemical
substances require living matter
Dead Biochemists #4
1926 J.B. Sumner
Findings of other famous dead biochemist
• 1944 Avery, MacLeod and McCarty identified DNA as information molecules
• 1953 Watson (still alive) and Crick proposed the structure of DNA
• 1958 Crick proposed the central dogma of biology
ORGANIZATION OF LIFE
elementssimple organic compounds (monomers)macromolecules (polymers)supramolecular structuresorganellescellstissuesorganisms
RANGE OF THE SIZES OF OBJECTS STUDIES BY BIOCHEMIST AND BIOLOGIST
1 angstrom = 0.1 nm
Most abundant, essential for all organisms: C, N, O, P, S, HLess abundant, essential for all organisms : Na, Mg, K, Ca, ClTrace levels, essential for all organism: Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, ZnTrace levels, essential for some organisms: V, Cr, Mo, B, Al, Ga, Sn, Si, As, Se, I,
ELEMENTS OF LIFE
IMPORTANT COMPOUNDS, FUNCTIONAL GROUPS
MANY IMPORTANT BIOMOLECULES ARE POLYMERS
p r o t e i n c o m p l e x
p r o t e i n s u b u n i t
a m i n o a c i d
m e m b r a n e
p h o s p h o l i p i d
f a t t y a c i d
c e ll w a ll
c e llu lo s e
g lu c o s e
c h r o m o s o m e
D N A
n u c l e o t i d emonomer
polymer
supramolecularstructure
lipids proteins carbo nucleic acids
LIPIDS
m e m b r a n e
p h o s p h o l i p i d
f a t t y a c i dmonomer
polymer
supramolecularstructure
PROTEINS
monomer
polymer
supramolecularstructure Enzyme complex
protein subunit
amino acid
CARBOHYDRATES
c e ll w a ll
c e llu lo s e
g lu c o s emonomer
polymer
supramolecularstructure
c h r o m a t i n
D N A
n u c l e o t i d emonomer
polymer
supramolecularstructure
NUCLEIC ACIDS
Common theme:
Monomers form polymers through condensations
Polymers are broken down through hydrolysis.
PROKARYOTE CELL
CELLULAR ORGANIZATION OF AN E. COLI CELL
200 – 300 mg protein / mL cytoplasm
EUKARYOTE CELL