Integrative Human Biochemistry: A Textbook for Medical Biochemistry
Biochemistry and Much, Much More - oakparkusd.org
Transcript of Biochemistry and Much, Much More - oakparkusd.org
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Biochemistry and Much, Much More
An Introduction to the Chemistry of Life
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Five Common Acids
1. Acetic Acid: CH3COOH 2. Hydrochloric Acid: HCl 3. Nitric Acid: HNO3 4. Sulfuric Acid: H2SO4 5. Phosphoric: H3PO4
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The Magnificent Seven
1. N2
2. H2
3. O2
4. F2
5. Cl2
6. Br2
7. I2
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What is Life Made of? § Physical and Chemical sciences alone
may not completely explain the nature of life, but they at least provide the essential framework for such an explanation.
§ All students of life must have a
fundamental understanding of organic chemistry and biochemistry.
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Organic Chemistry § Organic chemistry is the study of
Carbon compounds. § Organic compounds are compounds
composed primarily of a Carbon skeleton.
§ All living things are composed of organic compounds.
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Organic Chemistry
§ What makes Carbon Special? Why is Carbon so different from all the other elements on the periodic table?
§ The answer comes from the ability of Carbon atoms to bond together to form long chains and rings.
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Organic Chemistry
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Organic Chemistry
Carbon can covalently bond with up to four other atoms.
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Carbon can form immensely diverse compounds, from simple to complex.
Methane with 1 Carbon atom
DNA with tens of Billions of Carbon atoms
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Polymers and Monomers
§ Each of these types of molecules are polymers that are assembled from single units called monomers § Carbohydrate § Protein § Nucleic Acid
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Monomers
Polymer Carbohydrates Proteins Nucleic acids
Monomer Monosaccharide Amino acids Nucleotides
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Carbohydrates
§ Carbohydrates are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, always in a ratio of 1:2:1.
§ Carbohydrates are the key source of energy used by living things.
§ The building blocks of carbohydrates are sugars, such as glucose and fructose.
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Carbohydrates
§ What do the roots mono-, di-, oligo-, and poly mean?
§ Each of these roots can be added to the word saccharide to describe the type of carbohydrate you have.
§
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Polysaccharides
§ Most common type of carbohydrate
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Proteins
§ Proteins are building blocks of structures called amino acids
§ Proteins have four levels of structure
§ A peptide bond forms between amino acids (monomers in a protein) § There are 20 kinds of amino acids
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Nucleic Acids
§ Basic unit (monomer) is nucleotide
§ Nucleotides made up of nitrogen base, phosphate and sugar