Biochemistry
description
Transcript of Biochemistry
![Page 1: Biochemistry](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56815eeb550346895dcda215/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Biochemistry
![Page 2: Biochemistry](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56815eeb550346895dcda215/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Periodic Table First functional one developed by
____________ ______________ in 1869. What’s its primary purpose?
Brief history of P.T. (3:39)
The genius of Mendeleev (4:24)
![Page 3: Biochemistry](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56815eeb550346895dcda215/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Biochemistry According to the Oxford Dictionary,
biochemistry is “the branch of __________ concerned with the _____________ and physicochemical processes that occur within _________ _________________”
![Page 4: Biochemistry](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56815eeb550346895dcda215/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Chemical Equations Write down everything you know
about this equation:
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
What is this? Why did I put it on this slide?
![Page 5: Biochemistry](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56815eeb550346895dcda215/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
The Atom The term “atom” comes from the Greek
word atomos, which means “unable to be _______”.
First coined by Greek philosopher ___________ 2500 years ago. ατομοσ
![Page 6: Biochemistry](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56815eeb550346895dcda215/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Subatomic Particles Three main subatomic particles
• What are they? • What are their charges?
Neutrality of atoms – What causes this? Atomic number? Atomic mass? How small is an atom? (5:27)
You can't touch anything! (5:29)
![Page 7: Biochemistry](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56815eeb550346895dcda215/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Element A pure substance consisting entirely
of one type of ___________
![Page 8: Biochemistry](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56815eeb550346895dcda215/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Isotopes Atoms of the same element that
differ in the number of ___________ (See Fig 2-2 on p. 36.)Isotopes of hydrogen
![Page 9: Biochemistry](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56815eeb550346895dcda215/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Compound Substance formed by the chemical
union of two or more _____________
Chemical structure of NaCl
![Page 10: Biochemistry](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56815eeb550346895dcda215/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Chemical Formula Way of showing the chemical
______________ of a compound (C6H12O6) It tells us the _____________ in the
compound and their __________ (how many atoms there are of each element).
![Page 11: Biochemistry](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56815eeb550346895dcda215/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Ionic Bond Bond formed when one or more
electrons are _____________ from one atom to another
![Page 12: Biochemistry](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56815eeb550346895dcda215/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Covalent Bond Bond formed when electrons are ___________
between atoms; stronger and far more common in organisms than ________
Know difference between polar and non-polar covalent bonds
Ionic and covalent bonds (1:57)
![Page 13: Biochemistry](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56815eeb550346895dcda215/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Hydrogen Bonding Hydrogen bonds form when a _____ atom
covalently bonds to an O or N atom in another molecule.
H bonds form because the larger atoms (with more protons) pull the _____ from the H atoms closer to them, making them partially _____ and the H atoms partially _____.
H bonding (:56)
![Page 14: Biochemistry](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56815eeb550346895dcda215/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Van der Waals Force Slight attraction that develops between
____________ ____________ regions of molecules (mainly ______ molecules)
Van der Waals and the gecko (8:22)
Gecko's foot
![Page 15: Biochemistry](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56815eeb550346895dcda215/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Cohesion Attraction between molecules of the
___________ substance
BELLY FLOP!!
![Page 16: Biochemistry](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56815eeb550346895dcda215/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Surface Tension Surface tension: property of a ___________
that allows it to resist an external force due to internal cohesive forces = smallest surface area possible
Surface tension (1:24)
![Page 17: Biochemistry](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56815eeb550346895dcda215/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Adhesion Attraction between molecules of
_____________ substances; makes life possible – How??
Notice how the water adheres to the glass and forms a _________.
![Page 18: Biochemistry](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56815eeb550346895dcda215/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Solution Even distribution of a solute in a
________• Example: Saltwater (Salt is the __________
and water is the __________.)
![Page 19: Biochemistry](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56815eeb550346895dcda215/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Suspensions Heterogeneous mixture of
undissolved ___________ in a solvent
![Page 20: Biochemistry](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56815eeb550346895dcda215/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
pH Scale Indicates the concentration of ______ ___________ in a solution
Acid – any compound that forms _____ _________ in a solution (________ on pH scale)
Base – any compound that forms ______ __________ in solution (________ on pH scale)
Buffers – weak _______or ________ that counteract strong acids or bases to prevent sudden, sharp changes in ______
![Page 21: Biochemistry](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56815eeb550346895dcda215/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Versatility of Carbon The study of all compounds containing
carbon is called __________ ___________. Carbon has four valance ___________
that can covalently bond with electrons of other atoms
It readily combines with other _________ atoms to form straight and branching _________ and will also form _________.
Forms single, double, and triple covalent _________
![Page 22: Biochemistry](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56815eeb550346895dcda215/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Versatility of Carbon
Carbon nanotube bandage for preemies (coated w/ iodine solution)
![Page 23: Biochemistry](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56815eeb550346895dcda215/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
PNCL Park Proteins: Always made of an __________ group
(NH2), a carboxyl group (COOH) and an R-group. The _____-__________ is what differentiates one
amino acid from another. Proteins needed for growth, repair,
_______________ production, etc, etc…. Amino acids held together by covalent bonds
called _____________ bonds Monomer: _________ ________ End with –ine (ex: valine) CHONS What do proteins do? (4:07)
![Page 24: Biochemistry](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56815eeb550346895dcda215/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Levels of Protein Structure There are four
levels of protein structure (from simple to complex):• Primary• Secondary• Tertiary• Quaternary
![Page 25: Biochemistry](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56815eeb550346895dcda215/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
PNCL Park Nucleic acids: Monomer:___________
(consists of a 5-carbon ____________, a ________________ group, and a ________________ base)
They store and transmit ___________ information.
Two kinds of nucleic acids: ______ and _______
PONCH DNA and proteins (3:24)
![Page 26: Biochemistry](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56815eeb550346895dcda215/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Nucleic Acid Structure
![Page 27: Biochemistry](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56815eeb550346895dcda215/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
PNCL Park Carbohydrates: formed from C, H, and
O most often in the ratio of _________ (example: glucose – C6H12O6)
Main source of __________ and give cells _______ (cell walls, parts of cytoskeleton)
Monomer: __________________ Many have the suffix -_______ di-, and polysaccharides (__________) Cellulose – most abundant organic
chemical on Earth (polysaccharide) CHO
![Page 28: Biochemistry](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56815eeb550346895dcda215/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: Biochemistry](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56815eeb550346895dcda215/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
PNCL Park Lipids: Large, mostly insoluble molecules Fats, oils, and waxes Used to store _________ and make up
important parts of membranes, especially _______ membrane
Monomer: _____________ combined with a ________ acid
Saturated and ______________• Chemically speaking, what’s the difference?
CHO
![Page 30: Biochemistry](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56815eeb550346895dcda215/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Lipid Structure
![Page 31: Biochemistry](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56815eeb550346895dcda215/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Chemical Reactions Processes that ___________ one set of
chemicals into another
![Page 32: Biochemistry](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56815eeb550346895dcda215/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Chemical Reactions Reactant – element or compound
that ___________ a chemical reaction
Product - element or compound _____________ by a chemical reaction
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy (_________) (__________)
![Page 33: Biochemistry](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56815eeb550346895dcda215/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Enzymes Biological (organic) catalysts that
__________ up chemical __________ by lowering the activation ___________
End with –________ and their name is related to the compound they act upon
Example: lactase – speeds up the reaction that breaks down the disaccharide __________ into the monosaccharides galactose and glucose
Introduction to enzymes (4:46)Roles of Enzymes (3:35)
![Page 34: Biochemistry](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56815eeb550346895dcda215/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Enzymes Affected by __________, ______________, and
______ These factors can change the ___________ of
the enzymes (_____________), making them non-functional.
Substrates and active site – What are they? Lock-and-key model becomes _______-_____
model Protein (enzyme) denaturation (3:55)