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Biochemistry of Cancer

Biochemistry of Cancer Diseases and popular conceptions §  Cancer, Coronary Disease and Cancer- Heart disease and cancer are by far

the leading cause of death in the US, but how is the money distributed? §  Is there a competition between diseases and how they are funded? studied

and prevented? - your decision §  2014- 30.4 billion total in federal money for domestic and global HIV/AIDs

activities – an increase from 9.7 billion in 1999 and 22 Billion in 2008) and a 685 million (2.3%) increase in 2015 request

§  People with Aids/HIV 1,200,000 (81,000 new cases) 2015 §  ~14,000 AIDs related deaths (2015) nearly unchanged from ‘07

Biochemistry of Cancer Diseases and popular conceptions §  2014- 30.4 billion total in federal money for domestic and global

HIV/AIDs activities – an increase from 9.7 billion in 1999 and 22 Billion in 2008) and a 685 million (2.3%) increase in 2015 request

§  People with Aids/HIV 1,200,000 (81,000 new cases) 2015 §  ~14,000 AIDs related deaths

4.9 Billion in federal money for Cancer in 2014 (no change from 2009 and 1.4 in 1999)

•  1,658,370 mil estimated new cases in 2015, 589,340 / 1,620 per day in 2015 (559,312 deaths 2005)

•  14.5 million persons with or died with Cancer 2015 –  0.6% for prevention and education

So… How are we doing? For every 1 HIV/AIDS 12 Cancer Patient 7 to 1 dollars for research per patient 75 to 1 dollars overall per patient

Here’s a look at the N.C.I. cancer funding based on 2006 death rates and incidence rates for some of the most common and deadliest cancers. Cancer (Deaths) N.C.I. Funding per Death Lung (162,460) $1,414 (2007) Colon (55,170) $4,566 Breast (41,430) $23,754 (2007) Pancreas (32,300 ) $2,297 Prostate (27,350) $11,959 (2007)

Cancer (New cases) N.C.I. Funding per New Case Prostate (234,460) $1,318 Breast (214,640) $2,596 Lung (174,470) $1,518 Colon (106,680) $2,361 Pancreas (33,730) $2,200

New York Times May 16 2008

Cancer • Knowledge of tumors date from antiquity.

–  Egyptians and Greeks

• Streaks of hard gray tissue that extended from tumors reminded the Greeks of a crab. – Named the condition cancer from the Latin

word for crab.

• Today, Cancer is a generic term for a malignant tumor.

• Essentially, cancer is a good cell gone bad

Leading causes of death 1995 All Ages 25 - 44% Rank % Rank

Diseases of the heart 31.9 1 11.4 4Cancer 23.3 2 14.7 3Stroke 6.8 3 2.3 8Lung Disease 4.4 4 - -Accidents 4.0 5 18.2 2Pneumonia and influenza 3.7 6 1.4 10Diabetes mellitus 2.5 7 1.6 9HIV 1.9 8 20.5 1Suicide 1.4 9 8.5 5Liver disease 1.1 10 2.9 7Homicide - 6.8 6– Source: US National center for health statistic

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Changing Rates of Cancer

Males Females

Growing old- 563,100 people died from cancer in 1999 an increase from 331,000 in 1970 40% of Americans will be stricken with the disease and 1 in 5 will die form it - 1,221,800 person incidence rate in 1999 For the most part cancer is obviously a disease of age - of individual and DNA

A Disease of Age

Rate For Colon Cancer in Females

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

4 14 24 34 44 54 64 74

Age

• Most cancers develop late in life.

• Cancer did not become a major societal challenge until the middle 19th century.

Cancer in the United States

In 2015 ~ 589,340 people will die from cancer.

§  Increase from 331,000 in 1970

Ø At least one in three people will develop cancer in their lifetime. §  1 in 4 men will die of cancer. §  1 in 5 women will die cancer.

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Cancer in the United States The actual number of people dying

from cancer each year has leveled off. Ø Cancer mortality rates fell in the 1990's

§ expressed per 100,000 individuals in the population Ø The population of the U.S. has continued to increase during this period.

Cancer Death Rates Continue to Fall

5-year survival rate for all cancers (2004 -2010) 68%, up from 49% in 1975 – 1977