BIOC/DENT/PHCY 230 LECTURE 1. Overview of Metabolism Metabolism:sum total of reactions...
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Transcript of BIOC/DENT/PHCY 230 LECTURE 1. Overview of Metabolism Metabolism:sum total of reactions...
BIOC/DENT/PHCY 230
LECTURE 1
Overview of MetabolismMetabolism: sum total of reactions
Catabolism:breakdown of polymers and
macromolecules
Anabolism: synthesis of macromolecules and polymers
Energy homeostasis:
Extraction
Storage
Regulation
Hormonal regulation of metabolism
Insulin
Glucagon
Growth Hormone
Cortisol
Adrenaline
Thyroid hormone
PEPTIDE
STEROID
AMINO ACID DERIVED
T3 T4
Thyroid Hormones
Increase metabolic rate
Glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis & hormone sensitive lipase activity
Synthesised in thyroid gland
Requires protein (thyroglobulin) and iodide
75% of thyroid protein is thyroglobulin
Gland epithelia have Na/I symporter
II
I III
I
IH2O2
CHOLESTEROL
CORTISOL
Glucocorticoid
gluconeogenesis, glycogen synthesis, lipolysis, liver protein and RNA synthesis
cortisol
aldosterone
Glucocorticoid Receptor
Both cortisol and T3 affect transcription
transcortin
cortisol
T4 binding globulin
T3T4
PLASMA TARGET CELL
CORTISOL CR
T3ITBP
THR
Carbohydrate metabolism:
Glucose as a fuel
Tissue usage: all tissues, brain and RBC are obligate users
Dietary forms: mono- and disaccharides, glycogen, starch,
cellulose
Stored as : glycogen
Processed by: glycolysis, CAC, ETC
GLUCOSE FRUCTOSE GALACTOSEMANNOSE
GLYCEROL
Strategy of glycolysis
Splitting reaction
Energy investment
6 carbon
3 carbon
Cost = 2ATP
Energy generation
x2
Yield = 4 ATP
Net = 2 ATP
Fates of pyruvate
pyruvate
+O2
-O2
CAC,ETC fermentation
animals
lactate
yeast
ethanol
O
COO-
CH3
C + NADH + H+ OH
COO-
CH3
CH + NAD+
pyruvate lactate
LDH
oxidised reduced
oxidisedreduced
THE TAKE HOME MESSAGE
Metabolism can be hormonally regulated
Glucose is a major fuel
Glucose can yield energy via glycolysis
The end products of glycolysis can be
metabolised either anaerobically or aerobically