BIO153!16!19 Human Evolution

8/17/2019 BIO153!16!19 Human Evolution

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THIS WEEK IN BIO153

! Tuesday: Lecture 19: Human evolution

! Thursday: Lecture 20: Intro to ecology

! Friday: Good Friday - No tutorial

! Readings: Chapter 34 & 53

! No labs this week

! Assignment 3 due Thursday, March 24!

Session ID:l|c


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LECTURE 19:

HUMAN EVOLUTIONWho are the ‘hobbits’?

What do we know about early human ancestors?What drove human evolution?


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A BIT SURPRISE: HOBBITS ARE REAL!


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THE “HOBBITS” LIVED IN INDONESIA!

M o r w o o d e t a l . 2 0 0 4

found around the same time as homo sapiens


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THE DISCUSSION MAY BE SETTLED – FOR NOW

these species all become smaller, resources are limited and no predators there is noadvantage for being big - due to limited resources


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WE HAVE A PRETTY GOOD IDEA ABOUT PRIMATE PHYLOGENY

which is correct about humans and early hominins ?hominins - all the species that are more closely related to homo sapiens thenthey are to chimps- with wolves and dogs it was about domestication, we know that grey wolveswere ancestors to today's domestic dogs; however, humans and early homininsdid not evolve from chimpanzees b/c they are all still evolving and we don'tknow concretely if this is true, since they weren't controlled like the dogs


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TARSIER TRIVIA!

Philippine tarsier

Tarsius syrichta

they are nocturnal- we thought that these guys made no noise-but made noises at 19kilohertz-this frequency range allows them to communicate with each other withoutpredator or prey aware of their presence


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HOMININ PHYLOGENY STILL HAS GAPS

gives us a sense of when these organisms were around


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WHEN DID HOMINIDS LEAVE THE TREES?

The “Dikika baby”

Australopithecus afarensis

Alemseged et al. 2006

she seemed to have feet that were meant for bipedal walking but shoulders meant toclimb trees- so u have these characteristics that are ancestral and derived

-agile on trees and relatively efficient to walk on land


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SHE HAD A SMALL BRAINbrain volume was slightly smaller than a chimp-indicative of her age, she was still learning-we knew she was around 3yrs of age becauseher gum teeth hadn't grown yet and we knew she

was female b/c of her hipbones


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THE PALAEOANTHROPOLOGICAL GOLD MINE LIES IN EASTERN AFRICA

Wong 2006


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THE CHARACTERISTICS ARE

OFTEN A MIXTURE

! Australopithecus sediba

! Just over 2 million years old

! Found in South Africa

Wong 2012

Similar to Australopithecus

Similar to Homo

found in 2008


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HOMININS SPREAD IN SEVERAL WAVES FROM AFRICA

the oldest fossil evidence always comes from Africa, so we have no doubt about that

they could've spread out of africa in two waves one at 115thousand years

ago and the other at 50thousand years ago


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EVERY NEW FIND PROMPTS QUESTIONS


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HOW WOULD YOU DESCRIBE THE RELATIONSHIP OF H. FLORESIENSIS?

Dembo, M., et al. 2015. Proce edings of the Royal S ociety

of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 282:20150943–9.

H.F-the basalgroup or sistergroup to the0.32


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INTRODUCING THE NEWEST MEMBER OF THE FAMILY: HOMO NALEDI

Berger, et al. 2015. eLife 4:296–35. Shrove and Clark. 2015. Nation al Geographic, Oct ober


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H. NALEDI IS ALSO A MOSAIC

OF CHARACTERS

Wong, K. 2016. Mystery Human. Scientific American 314:28–37.

the feet are almost identical to homo

sapiens, the leg bones are more likeastrilo.. than homo sapiens etc.


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THE LOCATION OF THE SITE ADDS TO THE MYSTERY

Dirks, P.,et al. 2015. eLife. doi: 10.7554/eLife.09561.001


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BUT IT’S NOT ONLY BONES THAT KEEP CHANGING OUR HISTORY

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:AltamiraBison.jpg Pringle 2013

Alta mira cave, Spain

up to 35,000 old

Germany

~43,000 years old

flute


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INVENTIVENESS IS OLDER THAN WE THOUGHT

Sibudu Cave, South Africa

Pringle, H. 2013. The Origins of Creativity. Scientific American 308:36–43.

chose their bedding material from

the best, safest materials


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WHO WOULD HAVE KEPT PLASTERING?

A. No doubt, I would have

B. Most definitely not, I would have been out of there!

C. I am not sure

l|c


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Sibudu Cave, South Africa

Pringle, H. 2013. The Origins of Creativity. Scientific American 308:36–43.


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Brown et al. 2012

Pinnacle Point, South Africa

71,000 years old


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WHAT DROVE THIS INVENTIVENESS?


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NEXT LECTURE PERIOD

Lecture 20: Intro to ecology

BIO153!16!19 Human Evolution

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