Bio101plantanatomyex2 5postlab-091210042920-phpapp02 (1) (1) (1)
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Transcript of Bio101plantanatomyex2 5postlab-091210042920-phpapp02 (1) (1) (1)
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Bio 101 Plant AnatomyEx. 2-5 Post lab discussion
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Meristems
Based on location1. Apical meristem2. Lateral Meristem
Based on origin3. Primary meristems4. Secondary meristems
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Root apex vs. Shoot apex
Root apex –bidirectional (root cap and towards the axis)
SUBTERMINAL
No lateral appendages
Branching initiated beyond the region of most active growth
No nodes and internodes
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Fundamental Tissues
1. Parenchyma2. Collenchyma3. Sclerenchyma
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Parenchyma
P-walls only; except for parenchyma found in secondary xylem
Living Intercellular spaces
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Parenchyma
Collenchyma
Sclerenchyma
Retains protoplast at maturity
Yes Yes No (in general)
Secondary Walls
No No Yes
Function ? ? ?
Location ? ? ?
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Collenchyma
Angular Lamellar Lacunar
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Sclerenchyma
Differentiate: Sclereids Fibers
FIBERS:a. Xylary fibers—1. libriform (absent in gymno) 2. fiber-
tracheid
b. Extraxylary fibers– location?
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Extra xylary fibers
Monocot: bundle sheath Climbing dicots: cortical layer;
pericyclic fibers
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Sclereids
brachysclereids– phloem, cortex and bark of stems---flesh of fruits of pear
Macrosclereids– testa of seeds of legumes
Osteosclereids– seeds and leaves of dicots
Astrosclereids--leaves
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Parenchyma Origins
Ground meristem Procambium Phellogen Vascular cambium
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Collenchyma origins
Ground meristem Procambium
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Sclerenchyma origins
Sclereid Parenchyma (sclerosis)—protoderm,
procambium, or cambium, ground merisetm
Fiber Procambium Cambium Ground meristem
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Conducting Tissues
XYLEMa. Vesselsb. Tracheidsc. Fibers (libriform and fiber-tracheid)d. Parenchyma– ray parenchyma and axial
parenchyma PHLOEMa. Sieve tube or sieve cellsb. Companion cells or albuminous cellsc. Fibers (bast fibers)d. parenchyma
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Vessel orTracheid?
Imperforated Tapering ends Short and drum-like Arranged end to end Overlapping
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Perforation (vessels)
1. Simple2. Multiple
a. Scalariformb. Reticulatec. foraminate
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Secondary wall pattern
Tracheids and vessel elements1. Protoxylem – annular or helical2. Metaxylem– scalariform; reticulate;
pitted
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Annular– helical– scalariform—reticulate--pitted
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Phloem
Sieve tube elements-- arranged end to end-- enucleate-- with specialized depressions at their
end wall (sieve areas)---sieve plates (end wall)
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Sieve plate
a. Simpleb. Compound
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Origins, Topography
Vessel Tracheid Sieve tube Companion cell Sieve cell
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Advantages
Helical or annular tracheids?