Properties of life Order Ordered organization Regulation Organism can adjust its internal environment Growth and Development Info carried by genes controls the pattern of growth and development Energy utilization Organisms take in energy used to perform all of lifes activities Response to the environment Ex. Venus flytrap responds to touch on surface Reproduction Organisms reproduce their own kind Evolution Reproduction underlies to capacity of population changes over timeLevels of life Biosphere All environments that support life Ecosystems Consists of all organisms living in a particular area(Living and non- living) Example: A tide pond in the Galapagos Communities All the organisms within the tide pool ^^^ see example Populations Groups of interacting individuals of one species Organisms An individual living thing Organ systems and organs Systems within the body such as circulatory, muscular, etc. Tissues Each organ is made up of different tissues Cells The smallest unit that can display all characteristics of life Organelles Functional components of cells such as the nucleus Molecules and atoms Molecules are clusters of atoms. Each cell consists of a large number of chemicals that function together to give the cell the properties we recognize as life.

Ecosystems Consumers Animals, humans, mammals Dependent on producers Producers Plants, trees, photosynthetic organisms Convert light energy to chemical energy(food) Decomposers Fungi, algae, in soil Decompose waste products and the remains of deceased organisms2 Major cell types Prokaryotes Simple structure Smaller Nucleus is not enclosed in a membrane Lacks most organelles Eukaryotes Larger Most complex structure Nucleus enclosed in a membrane Contains many types of organellesDomains Eukarya Kingdoms Plantae, Animalia, Fungi Plants produce their own sugars and other foods by photosynthesis Fungi are decomposers which digest dead organisms Animals ingest and digest other animals Bacteria Prokaryotic cells Archea Prokaryotic cell type Similar to eukaryotes genetically ExtremophileDarwin Evolution

Natural selection Those with the best traits survive Artificial selection Selective breeding of domesticated plants and animalsExperimental process Scientific Method Observation Question Hypothesis Deduction(if then logic) Prediction Experiment Theory Much broader in scope Needs extensive and varied evidenceAtomic Structure Nucleus The atoms central core which consists of protons and neutrons Electrons Negatively charged subatomic particle Protons(Positive charge) Neutrons(Negative charge)Chemical bonds Ionic The attraction between oppositely charged ions Covalent 2 atoms share one or more pairs of outer shell electrons(molecules) Hydrogen A type of covalent bond that is shared unequally. Because it is equally shared it is a polar moleculeWater Cohesion is how water molecules stick together High surface tension Resistance to temperature change Can moderate temperature

PH scale 1-6 is an acid(stomach acids, lemons) 7 is neutral(water) 8 and up is a base(bleach, oven cleaner) Blood is between 7 and 8 Buffers Substances that resist PH change Accepts H+ ions when in excess Donates H+ ions in depletion Hydrophillic Love of water Hydrophobic Aversion to waterCarbon Carbon is a versatile atom. It has four electrons in an outer shell that holds eight. Carbon can share its electrons with other atoms to form up to four covalent bonds. Carbon can use its bonds to Attach to other carbons Form an endless diversity of carbon skeletons Hydrocarbons organic molecules containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms