Bio Refinery Concepts Berlin

7/31/2019 Bio Refinery Concepts Berlin

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Universitt fr Bodenkultur Wien

Dept. fr Nachhaltige Agrarsysteme l Institut fr Landtechnik l Ao.Univ.Prof. Dr. Thomas Amon

Pot en t i a l o f Biogas Pr odu ct i on f r om

Sus ta inab le Bio re f ine r y Concep t s

Ao.Univ.Prof. Dr. Thomas Amon


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Bi o f u el s i n t h e EU:

Deve lop m e n t & Te ch n o lo g y Ro a d m a p

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

MtoeBiomass

1st generation: EtOH,

ETBE, FAME, FAEE

2nd generation:EtOH, Syn Diesel, DMEfrom lignocellulosic biomass, SNG

Integrated biorefining

complexes

Source: Final report of the Biofuels Research Advisory Council; EUR 22066


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Bi or e f in e r y o f Bi om asses( S o u r ce : m o d i f ie d a f t e r Ka m m e t al . 2 0 0 6 )

Techno logy

Enzymatic fermentation Biogas production Mechanical pressing Gasification Polygeneration Combustion Co-combustion

Bi or e f in e r y u sa ge

Fuels:- Bioethanol E85- Biodiesel- Bio-CNG- Synfuel (Bio-CNG, Diesel)

Energy:

- Electricity- Heat

Chemicals:- synthetic polymers- solvents

- adhesives- Fetty acids- Drugs dyestuffs- Tenside, etc.

Food and Feed

Biomasses

Biomass of maize, sudan-und meadow grass etc.; Sec. Agric. biomasses and by

products: straw, sugar beetleaves, pulp; glycerin, rapsseed cake, etc.

Wood for energy, wood

waste-products


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Ob j e ct i ve s/ ch a l l en g e s :

To increase substantially the production of biofuels that are

commercially viable, CO2- efficient and compatible with vehicle

engines.

To promote the transition towards second generation biofuels

which will be produced from a wider range of feedstock (including

waste biomass and bio based products from industry).

To promote the transition towards fully integrated biorefinery

concepts.

To reduce competition for land and food. To produce biofuels in

the most efficient way.


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Eu r o p e an b io g a s i n i t i a t i ve t o im p r o ve t h e y i el do f Ag r i cu l t u r a l b iogas p lan t s ( EU-Agr o B iogas)

Aim

Dem ons t ra t e and op t im i ze inn ova t i ve app r oaches t o im prov e b iogasy ie ld and energy ou t pu t an d econom ic e f f i ciency a t se lect ed b iogasp lan t s in Eur ope .

Par tne rs

BOKU, RTD Sev ices , GE Jenbacher , Thoen i I nd us t r i ebe t r i ebe ( Aus t r i a ) , Research

I ns t i t u t e o f ag r i cu l t u r a l eng inee r i ng ( Czech Repub l i c) , D an i sh I ns t i t u t e o fAg r i cu l t u r a l Sciences (D enm ark ) , I ns t i t u t e o f Ag r i cu l t u ra l Eng inee r i ng , Fede ra lAg r i cu l t u ra l Resea rch Cen t r e , KTBL, Vogel sang Gm bH ( Germ any ) , Un i ve rs i t a deg l iSt u d i d i To r i n o ( I t a l y ) , EC Ba lt i c Re n ew a b le En e r g y Ce n t e r ( P ol an d ) ,A g r o t e ch n o l o g y & Fo o d I n n o v a t i o n s ( Th e N et h e r l a n d s) , I n s t i t u t e o f Gr a ssl an d &Env i ron m ent a l Research ( UK)


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Virtual Biogas

WP1: Rawmaterials &

Biogasproduction

WP2: Gaspurification &

grid interface

WP3:

Accounting,certification of

Biogas content,economy ofoperations

WP4: Fuelstation /

increased

pressureWP5: Vehicle /increasedpressure

WP6:Fleet test

BOKUDNAS

TU WienVerfahrenst.

Axiom

OMVGas

EVN

WienEnergieGasnetz

TUWienIVK.

OpelMagna

C&KTaxi

OMVR&M

EnergieparkBruck

Biogas

Bruck

WPLeaders

WP7:Power trainefficiency

AVL


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Pla t f o r m Bio -CNG-Tr a f f i c

Bi o- CN G = 8 0 % N at u r a l Gas + 2 0 % Bi og as

Cham ber o f Ag r i cu l t u r e

Austria


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Bi og a s- l ab o r a to r y Un i ver s i t y o f Nat u r a lResou r ces and App l ied Li f e Sciences

120 Batch-Fermenters (1000 ml)

For 27 different Substrates, Standards

and Inoculum with 3 replicates


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Se tu p o f new t r i a l i n t he b i ogas l abo ra t o r y


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R& D Ex a m p el : Bio g as f r o m r esid u es an db y - p r o d u c t s


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I s t he g l ycer ine a possib le add i t i ve fo rb i ogas p rodu ct i on?

Glycerine

Glycer ine f r om b iod iese l p rodu ct i on

Vo lu m e ( act u a l) : 6 4 ,0 0 0 t a

- 1

ou t look : 1 8 0 ,0 0 0 t a - 1 t o 2 0 1 0


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Ef fect o f g l ycer ine add i t i onon t he speci f i c m e th ane y ie ldo f ag r i cu l t u r a l r a w m at er i a l s


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0

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500

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Days from start of anaerobic digestion

Spec.m

ethaneyield

[Nl*kgVS-1]

0

15

30

45

60

75

90

Methan

econtentint

hebiogas[%

]

3 % glycerine0 % glycerine Basic mixMethane content in the biogas [%]

Ef fect o f g l ycer i n e on t he m e th ane y i el d o f am i x t u r e f r o m m ai ze, CCM an d sw i n e m an u r e


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0

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Spec.m

ethaneyield

[Nl*kgVS-1]

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30

45

60

75

90

Methan

econtentint

hebiogas[%

]

6 % glycerine3 % glycerine0 % glycerine Basic mixMethane content in the biogas [%]



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500

0 10 20 30 40 50 60


Spec.m

ethaneyield

[Nl*kgVS-1]

0

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45

60

75

90

Methan

econtentint

hebiogas[%

]

15 % glycerine

8 % glycerine6 % glycerine3 % glycerine0 % glycerine Basic mixMethane content in the biogas [%]



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R& D Ex am p el : Biog as w i t h r aw m at er ia ls f r omsu st a in ab le cr o p r o t at i on sy st em s


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Co-Ferm en t a t i on o f ene rg y c rops ,o rgan i c m anu r es and i ndus t r i a l based by p r oduc ts

Content of used mixtures (% of FM).

Raw materials

Block Mix

Sunflowersilage

grasssilage

Ryesilage

Maizesilage

CCM Pigmanure

Sugarbeetsilage

--- M11 0 0 0 31 15 54 0

M2 20 0 0 30 10 20 20

M3 15 0 0 25 20 10 30M4 30 0 0 20 0 20 30

Block 1(energy

rich)

M5 20 0 0 40 0 30 10

M6 5 30 10 10 5 40 0

M7 5 40 20 0 0 35 0

M8 5 30 30 5 0 20 10

Block 2(protein

rich)

M9 0 40 20 5 0 30 5

M10 20 10 10 20 0 20 20

M11 30 5 5 10 10 20 20

M12 35 7,5 7,5 35 5 0 10

Block 3(balanced)

M13 15 0 10 45 0 15 151Der Mischung M1 wurde 4% Rohglyzerin zugelegt.


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Ef f ect s o f co - fe r m en t a t i on

Spec. Methane yield Additional methane yield

Block MixMeasured(lN/kg VS)

Expected(lN/kg VS)

Absolut(lN/kg VS)

Relative(% of expected)

--- M1 383 258 +125a +49

M2 367 287 +79ab +28

M3 349 295 +54abc +18

M4 302 274 +28bc +10

Block 1(energy

rich)

M5 347 281 +66abc +23

M6 371 267 +104ab +39

M7 363 267 +96ab +36

M8 395 283 +111ab +39

Block 2(protein

rich)

M9 386 271 +115a +42

M10 369 281 +89ab +32

M11 378 279 +99ab +36

M12 303 311 -7c -2

Block 3(balanced)

M13 427 298 +129

a

+43a,b Signifikant differences (P


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Usi ng ene rgy c rop m i x t u r es

Y = 0,8337 X + 60,826

R2

= 0,8337

275

300

325

350

375

400

425

450

275 300 325 350 375 400 425 450

Measured specific methane yield (LN/kg VS)

Est

imatedspecificmethaneyield

(LN/kgVS)

Relationship between measured and estimated

specific methane yield (Model 4)Model Regression equation adj. R

2R

2Significance

1 CH4 = 1410,48 VS*** 1876,97 XL*** 451,46XF*** + 937,16 C*** + 8309,46 GE*** + 139,38 CN***

59293***

0,5418 0,6003 ***

2 CH4 = 7399,91 XP*** + 2405,65 ADL*** 193,76Cell*** + 1721,50 GE*** 442,94 Sug*** + 3076,48CN*** 197204***

0,5416 0,6001 ***

3 CH4 = 2811,98 DM*** + 4400,48 XA*** 3872,16XP*** + 3532,00 XF*** + 1983,89 H-Cell*** + 1476,69Zuc*** 192070***

0,5412 0,5998 ***

4 CH4 = 3911,18 XP* + 4515,25 XL* + 4864,12 ADL* +1665,29 Cell* + 3840,62 H-Cell* + 936,88 Sta* +1955,44 Sug* 213356

0,5307 0,6006 ***

5 CH4 = 7,19 XP 23,22 XL** + 1,96 XF + 527,80*** 0,2385 0,2871 **

6 CH4 = 13,15 H-Cell*** + 172,82*** 0,2498 0,2658 ***

7 CH4 = 2,01 VS + 533,12*** 0,0230 0,0438 n.s.

8 CH4 = 1,92 XF + 327,07*** 0,0044 0,0256 n.s.

ADL = lignin (% DM); C = carbon (% DM); Cell = cellulose (% DM); CH4 = specific methane yield (L N/kgVS); CN = C/N quotient; DM = dry matter (% FM); FM = fresh matter; GE = gross energy (MJ/kg DM); H-Cell= hemicellulose (% DM); Sta = starch (% DM); Sug = sugar (% DM); VS = volatile solids (% DM); XF =crude fiber (% DM); XL = crude lipids (% DM); XP = crude protein (% DM); adj. R

2= adjusted coefficient of

determination; R2

= coefficient of determinationLevel of significance for the models and the regression coefficients: * < 0,05; ** < 0,01; *** < 0,001; n.s. =not significant

Regression equations to estimate the specific methane yield of the

energy crop mixtures (n = 48)


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Usi ng r esi dues f r om food i ndu st r y

Fermenter 1 (F1)

Diet composition

Fermenter 2 (F2)Diet composition

Average values for F1:Methane concentration = 61,9 Vol.%Specific methane yield = 581 LN/kg VS

Sugar beet silage

Vegetable litter

Old food

Lecithin

Grease

Canteen litter

Soya residues

Average values for F2:Methane concentration = 63,6 Vol.%Specific methane yield = 574 LN/kg VS


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EthanolEthanol

productionproduction

MaizeMaize,,cerealscereals

MaizeMaizecorncorn

StrawStraw

StrawStraw

11,6 t ha11,6 t ha--11 aa--1

Maize cornMaize corn

8,9 t ha8,9 t ha--11 aa--11 1

EthanolEthanol

22.560 kWh ha22.560 kWh ha--11 aa--11

StillageStillage(DDGS)22.56022.560 kWh hakWh ha

--11 aa--11 100%100% (DDGS)


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EthanolEthanol



MaizeMaizecorncorn

BiogasBiogas

plantplant

StrawStraw

StrawStraw

11,6 t ha11,6 t ha--11 aa--1


8,9 t ha8,9 t ha--11 aa--11

EthanolEthanol

22.560 kWh ha22.560 kWh ha--11 aa--11

BiogasBiogas

StillageStillage9.080 kWh ha9.080 kWh ha--11 aa--11 StillageStillage

ResidueResidue

1

31.64031.640 kWh hakWh ha--11 aa--11 140%140%


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EthanolEthanol



MaizeMaizecorncorn

BiogasBiogasplantplant

StrawStraw

StrawStraw

11,6 t ha11,6 t ha--11 aa--1


8,9 t ha8,9 t ha--11 aa--11 1

EthanolEthanol

22.560 kWh ha22.560 kWh ha--11 aa--11

BiogasBiogas

StillageStillage9.080 kWh ha9.080 kWh ha--11 aa--11

StrawStraw26.510 kWh ha26.510 kWh ha--11 aa--1

StillageStillage

1

58.15058.150 kWh hakWh ha--11 aa--11 258%258%ResidueResidue


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EthanolEthanol



MaizeMaizecorncorn

BiogasBiogasplantplant

StrawStraw

StrawStraw

11,6 t ha11,6 t ha--11 aa--1


8,9 t ha8,9 t ha--11 aa--11 1

Steam explosionSteam explosion

EthanolEthanol

22.560 kWh ha22.560 kWh ha--11 aa--11

BiogasBiogas

StillageStillage9.080 kWh ha9.080 kWh ha--11 aa--11

StrawStraw(Steam explosion)(Steam explosion)35.980 kWh ha35.980 kWh ha--11 aa--1

StillageStillage

1

67.62067.620 kWh hakWh ha--11 aa--11 300%300%ResidueResidue


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H y d r o ly se v ia st e am ex p l o si ont e ch n i ca l d ev elo p m en t


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M et h a n e y ie ld f r o m u n t r e at e d a n dst e a m e x p l od e d w h e at s t r a w

0

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300

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400

450

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

Days f rom st a r t o f anarob ic d igest i on

Spec.m

ethaneyield

[l

N

kg

-1

VS-1]

st eam exp loded st raw

u n t r e t e d st r a w


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En e r g y p o t e n t i a ls o f b i o et h a n o l p r o d u ct i o nf r o m m ai ze

Energy output Energy input utilisation level*

[MJ/kg DM] [MJ/kg DM]

Ethanol 3,96 3,00 1:1,3 22%

Ethanol and stillage 5,56 1,96 1:2,8 31%

Ethanol, stillage and straw 10,21 2,19 1:4,7 57%

Ethanol, stillage and straw(Steam explosion)

11,87 ? ? 66%

* 1 kg DM contained 18 MJ Energy (corn and residues)

Input/outputRation


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Bi o g as p r o d u ct i o n f r o m i n t e g r a t e d b i o r e f i n er yConcep ts and sus ta inab le cro p r o t a t i on s

MeadowMeadow grasgras

7 t/ha

FeedingFeeding barleybarley

30 %30 %

BrewersBrewers

barleybarley

70 %70 %

StrawStraw

1,9 t/ha

CCMCCM

MaizeMaize strawstraw 4,3 t/ha

CornCorn

100%100%

WheatWheat strawstraw

5,3 t/ha

SeedsSeeds

StrawStrawRapeRape oeloel

mealmeal

RMERME

PressPress

5 t/ha

1,9 t/ha

3 t/ha

2,7 t/ha

IntercropIntercropcloverclover

RapsRaps

WheatWheat

IntercropIntercrop

cloverclover

MaizeMaize

70% GPS, 30 % CCM70% GPS, 30 % CCM

IntercropIntercrop

cloverclover

RapeRape

MHY

of crop rotation3.231m3CH4/ha*a

2,7 t/ha

2,7 t/ha

SpringSpringbarleybarley


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Met hane ene rgy po t en t i a l o f ag r i cu l t u ra l r esi duesCalcu lat ion bas is EU25

Cereals:Rapeseed:Sun flowers:Sugar beets:

Fallow land:Manure:Grassland:Cropping system:

Straw and grain depending on degree of self-sufficiency (DSS)Straw and rape oil mealStraw and sun flower oil mealLeaves and sugar production residues

100% use for biogas production100% use for biogas productionGrassland depending on DSS milkPreceding or succeeding crop, 15% of arable area

Not yet included:- Residues of bioethanol production (DDGS, distilled dry grain solubles)- Residues of biodiesel production (crude glycerin and oil seed cake)- Residues of starch production


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36%

6%

2%

3%

26%

7%

6%

14%

CerealRapeseed

Sun flowers

Sugar beets

Fallow land

ManureGrassland

Cropping system

Met hane ene rgy p o ten t i al o f ag r i cu l t u r a l r esi dues

EU252 0 0 5( Sou rce : Eu ros ta t )

2 0 7 M io . t o n s o f o il eq u iv al en t ( t o e )

Energy consum p t i on byt rans po r t o f EU25 ( 200 4 )

= 3 5 0 M io . t o e( Sou rce : Eu ros ta t )


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Kapitalkosten

Substratkosten

Transportkosten

Arbeitskosten

Sonstiges*

* repairs,electricity,management,insurance,

analyses etc.

42%

9%

7%

7%

39%

Ko st s a n d sh a r es o f b i og as p r o d u c t i o n f r o mb iom asses. To t a l pow er : 1 ,5 MW 2 5 0 m 3/ h

Cos ts o f e lec t r i c i t y p r odu c t ion :1 4 ,0 1 5 ,0 cen t / k W h e l .

Cost o f b i o -m e t hane p rod uc t i on f o r f eed ing i n t ot h e gas d i st r i bu t i on sys t em :4 ,5 5 ,6 cen t / k W h B iomethanenerg ie

Quelle: D. Hornbachner et a. 2005

Sourse: Walla 2006


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Co n cl u si on / Ou t l oo k

Biogas is the key technology within integrated biofuels basedbiorefinery systems. It enables:

high land productivity, whole crop utilisation and

reduce competition for land and food.

Further developments are required to fully maximise the potentials of

already existing conversion technologies.

Ways must be found that make it possible:

to combined the production of food, feed, chemicals and energy

witch are based on already existing conversion technologies within sustainable, regional adapted crop rotation systems

In the longer term the implementation of full-scale integrated

biorefineries using new energy crops, crop residues and Industrialbased by-Products will be necessary.


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Universitt fr Bodenkultur WienDepartment fr Nachhaltige Agrarsysteme

ao.Un iv .Pr o f . Dr . Tho m as Am on

Dr . Ka thar ina Hop fner -Six tD I . Alexand e r Baue rDr . Vi t a l i y K ryvo r uchkoDr . Ba rba ra Am onDI Vi t o m i r Bo d i r o zaD r . D ej a n M il ov a n ov i cDr . Andr ea Machm l le rMag. Vio le t t a Sim icD I Reg ina HrbekD I Deb o r a Fi st a r o l Ly so nMag. Mar k us LysonDI Andr eas MoserD r . Hel m u t W a g en t r i st l

Peter-Jordan-Strasse 82

A-1190 WienTel. +43-1-47654-3502Fax. +43-1-47654-3527

E-mail: [email protected]

http://www.forum-biogas.net

founded June 2006

Bio Refinery Concepts Berlin

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