BIO 3303 Lecture 21 Compatible
Transcript of BIO 3303 Lecture 21 Compatible
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BIO 3303Final Exam
Review
Dec 3, 2012
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Final exam
Short and long answers questions (part B and C): answer 4 out of 6
If you answer more than 4 questions indicate with an X the
questions you do not want to get marked. Otherwise we will mark
the first 4 that are answered.
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Exam Course Topics Content
Topic 1 Topic 2 Topic 3 Topic 4 Number ofQuestions
Part A
(1mark )
12 4 7 17 40/40
Part B(5 marks)
1 0 2 3 4/6
Part C
(10 marks)
1 2 1 3 4/6
Total Marks
Possible
24 24 27 55 100/130
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Office hours
This week: Today 1-2pm, Wednesday 11:30-2pm
Next week: I will be on campus Friday afternoon I will post the exact hours in the announcement section of
the website
Email me if you cant make those times and we will set up an
appointment.
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Overview of cell signaling
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Graded Potentials Activated by ligand- gated Na+
channel, cause changes in membrane
potential Synaptic potential
Spatially restricted response
Conduction with decrement
Fig. 4.6
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Electrical Signals
Graded changes in
membrane potential occurin dendrites and cell body
Are spatially and temporallysummated
If combined depolarization
exceeds threshold, an actionpotential is generated
Spatial summation can alsoprevent generation of APs Fig. 4.8
(excitatory + inhibitory potential)
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Vertebrate muscle
Fig. 5.35
Invertebrate muscleSummation: force of contraction Summation: membrane potential
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1.3 Nervous System Diversity and
Vertebrate NS OrganizationFig. 7.1
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Vertebrate CNS and PNS
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Autonomic Nervous System
Fig. 7.19Fig. 7.17
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Cholinergic Receptors
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Adrenergic Receptors
smooth muscles
contract
smooth muscles
relax
Same neurotransmitter can have different effects depending
on the type of receptor that is on the effector cell.
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Agonists and AntagonistsNicotinic AChR (SNS, PSNS) Agonist: nicotine variable effects: both a
stimulant and a relaxant Antagonist: curare paralysis
bungarotoxin paralysis, suppression of breathing
Muscarinic AChR (PSNS)
Agonist: muscarine bronchoconstriction, bradycardia
Antagonist: atropine HR
Curare darts
Adrenergic Receptors (SNS)
Agonist: isoproterenol (non-specific) treatment of bradycardia2: salbutamol treatment of asthma
Antagonists: : phentolamine, phenoxybenzamine treatment
of hypertension
: propranolol, sotalol treatment of anxiety,
cardiac arrhythmias
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Antagonistic HR Regulation
Fig. 8.24 Fig. 8.25
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Fig. 3.32Fig. 9-43, Randall et al. 2002
cells: Insulin
Decrease blood glucose (glucoseuptake in target cells)
cells: Glucagon
Increase blood glucose (liver
release stored glucose
Coordinated, antagonistic actions on
multiple target tissues
Blood Glucose Regulation
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Integrated
Stress
Response
HPA: hypothalamus -
pituitary -adrenal axis
Fig. 3.37
Fig. 3.38
HPAAutonomic NS
Somatic NS
Phase 1
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Stress response
Phase 2
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Tactile Receptors (invertebrates)
Fig. 6.14
Arthropods (e.g. Insects): cuticle
prevents pressure detectionthrough free nerve endings
Trichoid sensilla
Hair-like projection of cuticle,
bends in response to touch orvibration
Accessory structure transfers mvt
of sensilla to dendrite of bipolar
sensory neuron
Open stretch-sensitive TRP ion
channels
Very sensitive: detect small
changes in air movements
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Proprioceptors (invertebrates)
Fig. 6.14
Campaniform sensilla
Similar to trichoid sensilla
except lack hair shaft.
Dome-shape projection of
cuticle
Found in clusters, especially
near joints of limbs
Detect cuticle deformation as
insect moves
Allows coordinated mvts
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Proprioception (insects)
Fig. 6.15
Scolopidium: specialized unit consisting
of ciliated bipolar sensory neuronand scolopale (an accessory cell)
Attached to cuticle via ligament or
attachment cell
Detect bending of cuticle
Isolated or grouped (e.g.
Chordotonal organ (vibrations,
hearing))
Insect scolopidium
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Sound amplification mechanisms in ear
Outer ear: 3 dB
Pinna: shape and orientation of pinna and auditory canal
amplify sound of up to 3 dB at frequencies from 2-5 kHz
(human speech)
Middle ear: 13 dB
Ossicles: lever system: Displacement at oval window (OW)
smaller by factor of 1/1.3Force at OW amplified by 1.3
Typanic membrane and oval window: Amplification by
transmission of force from large to small surface (OW 16x smaller,
therefore force 16x largerInner ear:
Outer hair cells: motor proteins (prestin) shorten and
lengthen outer hair cells to amplify movement of the basilar
membrane (Cochlear amplifier)
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4.2 Muscle Contractions
Fig. 5.17
Fig. 5.18
Fig. 5.21
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Sliding Filament Model
Fig. 5.13
1. myosin tightly bound to actin (ATP binding site empty)
2. ATP binds and myosin loses affinity for actin (cross-bridge broken)
3. Release of actin activate the myosin ATPase to convert ATP into
ADP and P
4. Myosin head extends toward + end and binds to actin
5. P released andmyosin use
energy stored
from ATP to pull
actin filament
(power stroke)
6. ADP is released
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Ca2+ sensor complexes
Striated muscle:
Troponin-tropomyosin
Smooth muscle:
Ca2+-calmodulin-caldesmon
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Skeletal muscle EC coupling
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Cardiac muscle EC coupling
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Skeletal muscle excitation
Cardiac muscle excitation
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http://howmed.net/physiology/skeletal-muscle/
TAG
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PCr FAT CHO CHO PCr
seconds
minutes
Few hours
Many
hours/days
Lipids85%
Protein14%
Carbohydrates (CHO)1%
Characteristics of fuel sources
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Practice questions
I will post a few practice questions this week on the
blackboard website.
Assignment #4Due Wednesday Dec. 5th before midnight